Meisenheimer adduct

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-007147",
  "term": "Meisenheimer adduct",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "An anionic sigma complex formed by the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or other nucleophile to an electron-deficient aromatic ring. The negative charge is delocalized over the ring and often stabilized by electron-withdrawing groups. These adducts are intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, particularly those involving activated aromatic systems.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "Lewis adduct",
    "Lewis base",
    "adduct",
    "aromatic",
    "electrophile",
    "ethers",
    "substitution reaction",
    "σ-adduct"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1138 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/meisenheimer-adduct/"
}