Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: T (642)

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T lymphocyteA type of white blood cell, specifically a lymphocyte, that matures in the thymus gland and is a central...
t₁The longitudinal or spin-lattice relaxation time in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy...
t₁ noiseA type of noise observed in two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that manifests as...
t₂The time interval in a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiment during which the...
TabletA solid dosage form containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, with or without excipients...
Tablet coatingA thin layer of material applied to the surface of a solid dosage form, such as a pill or tablet. The coating...
TachycardiaAn abnormally rapid heart rate, defined in adults as a resting rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. This...
Tactic blockA segment within a block copolymer where all the configurational repeating units have the same tacticity...
Tactic block polymerA block polymer composed of at least two different blocks, where at least one of these blocks exhibits a...
Tactic macromoleculeA macromolecule in which the relative configurations of successive configurational repeating units are...
Tactic polymerA polymer characterized by a regular and ordered arrangement of its configurational repeating units along the...
TacticityThe arrangement of the stereochemical configurations of the configurational repeating units in a...
TaeniacideA chemical agent or drug specifically designed to kill tapeworms (Taenia species) within the gastrointestinal...
Taft equationA linear free-energy relationship that describes the effect of substituents on the rates or equilibria of...
TaggedDescribing an atom, molecule, or substance that has been marked with a distinctive label, typically a...
Tail budA transient embryonic structure located at the posterior end of the developing vertebrate embryo. It consists...
Tail flick testA nociceptive assay used in pharmacological research to measure an animal's response to a thermal pain...
Tail immersion testA behavioral assay used to assess antinociception in rodents by measuring the latency of tail withdrawal from...
Tail suspension testA behavioral test used in psychopharmacology to assess antidepressant-like activity in rodents. Animals are...
TailingAn undesirable phenomenon in chromatography where a chromatographic peak exhibits an asymmetric shape with an...
Tailing factorA quantitative measure of peak asymmetry in chromatography, calculated as the ratio of the distance from the...
Take-it-or-leave-it dataData that are acquired without the possibility of further refinement or modification, meaning they must be...
Take-off angleThe angle at which emitted particles, such as electrons or ions, leave the surface of a sample relative to...
Tammann’s 2/3rd ruleAn empirical observation stating that the glass transition temperature of a polymer is approximately...
Tan δThe tangent of the phase angle delta, representing the ratio of the loss modulus to the storage modulus in...
Tandem conjugateA molecule composed of two different fluorochromes covalently linked together, where the emission of one...
Tandem mass spectrometerAn instrument that combines two or more mass analyzers in series to perform multiple stages of mass...
Tandem mass spectrometry in spaceA mass spectrometry technique where multiple stages of mass analysis and fragmentation are performed...
Tandem mass spectrometry in timeA mass spectrometry technique where multiple stages of mass analysis are performed sequentially within a...
Tandem repeat sequenceA segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in which a short nucleotide sequence is repeated head-to-tail...
Tanimoto similarityA measure of similarity between two sets of binary data, often used in cheminformatics to compare molecular...
Tanimoto similarity indexA metric used to quantify the similarity between two sets of data, often employed in cheminformatics to...
Tardive dyskinesiaA neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the face, mouth, tongue, and...
TargetA specific biological molecule, structure, or pathway within an organism that is selectively modulated by an...
Target cellA cell that is specifically affected by a particular hormone, drug, or other chemical messenger due to the...
Target examination uncertaintyA component of examination uncertainty that is considered acceptable for a specific intended use of an...
Target measurement uncertaintyA specified maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty for a particular analytical result, determined based...
Target populationThe collection of individuals, whether human, animal, or other organisms, intended to be the subject of a...
Target validationThe process of confirming that a specific molecular target is involved in a disease process and that...
Targeted drug deliveryA method of administering a therapeutic agent such that it preferentially accumulates in the diseased tissue...
Targeted libraryA collection of chemical compounds designed to interact with a specific biological target or a class of...
Targeted lipidomicsAn analytical approach within lipidomics that focuses on the quantitative analysis of a predefined set of...
Targeted proteomicsA proteomic strategy that focuses on the quantitative analysis of a selected subset of proteins or peptides...
TargetingThe process of directing a polymer, often as part of a drug delivery system, to a specific cell type, tissue...
Tau proteinA microtubule-associated protein primarily found in neurons, where it stabilizes microtubules and regulates...
TauopathyA class of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the pathological aggregation of hyperphosphorylated...
TautomerIsomers of a compound that readily interconvert by the migration of a hydrogen atom and a concomitant shift...
TautomerismA type of structural isomerism where two or more interconvertible compounds, called tautomers, exist in...
TautomerizationA reversible interconversion between two isomers, called tautomers, that differ in the position of a hydrogen...
Tautomers, see Tautomer
TaxoceneA group of phylogenetically related species that exists within a larger ecological community. This...
TaxonA taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, genus, family, or order, used in the biological...
TaxonomyThe science of classifying organisms into a structured, hierarchical system based on shared characteristics...
Taylor coneA cone-shaped deformation of a liquid surface that forms under the influence of an electric field. This shape...
Tay-Sachs diseaseA rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A...
T-cell-dependent antibody responseAn immune pathway for antibody production that requires the direct interaction and collaboration between B...
TDP-43 transcription factorA nuclear protein that binds to DNA and RNA, involved in gene transcription, messenger RNA splicing, and...
TdT-dependent dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assayA biochemical method used to detect DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, by labeling the free...
TearsThe aqueous fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands, primarily composed of water, electrolytes, proteins...
TegmentumA general area within the brainstem, located anterior to the ventricular system. It forms the floor of the...
Telechelic polymerA prepolymer in which every macromolecule contains one or more reactive end-groups capable of participating...
TelencephalonThe most anterior or rostral subdivision of the embryonic vertebrate brain, which gives rise to the cerebrum...
Tele-substitutionA type of substitution reaction where the entering group attaches to a position that is not directly adjacent...
TelluridesOrganic compounds containing a tellurium atom bonded to two organic groups, with the general structure...
TelluronesOrganic compounds containing a tellurium atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms and single-bonded to two...
TelomeraseA ribonucleoprotein enzyme responsible for maintaining the length of telomeres by adding repetitive...
TelomereA region of repetitive nucleotide sequences located at each end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from...
TelomerizationA polymerization process where a monomer reacts with a telogen (a chain transfer agent) to form a series of...
TelophaseThe final stage of nuclear division in both mitosis and meiosis, occurring after anaphase. During this phase...
TemperatureA measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a system, indicating the degree of hotness or...
Temperature coefficientA quantitative measure describing the change in a physical or chemical property of a substance or system per...
Temperature effectThe influence of temperature on the efficiency or characteristics of a chemical or physical process, such as...
Temperature inversionAn atmospheric condition where a layer of cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, contrary to...
Temperature jumpA relaxation technique used to study fast chemical reactions by rapidly altering the temperature of a system...
Temperature sensitivityThe property of a biological system, such as a neuron or a whole organism, where its function is altered by...
Temperature-programmed chromatographyA chromatographic technique, particularly in gas chromatography, where the column temperature is...
Temperature-programmed desorptionA thermal analysis technique used to study the adsorption and desorption of molecules from a surface. A...
Temperature-programmed oxidationA thermal analysis technique where a sample is heated in a controlled atmosphere containing an oxidizing gas...
Temperature-programmed reductionA thermal analysis technique employed to characterize the reducibility of metal oxides or other reducible...
TemplateA macromolecule, typically a strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), that serves as...
Template polymerizationA polymerization process where monomer units are assembled and polymerized along a pre-existing...
Temporal lobeA region of the cerebral cortex in each hemisphere of the brain, located beneath the lateral fissure. It is...
Temporary acceptable daily intakeAn estimate of the amount of a substance in food or drinking water that can be ingested daily over a lifetime...
Temporary maximum residue limitA provisional maximum concentration of a pesticide residue or other chemical contaminant legally permitted in...
Temporary poisoningA reversible reduction in the activity of a catalyst caused by a substance that adsorbs strongly to the...
Tension headacheA type of headache characterized by a constant, non-pulsating ache or pressure on both sides of the head...
TentoriumAn extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes...
TeraA prefix used in the International System of Units (SI) to denote a factor of 10^12. It is represented by the...
TeratocarcinomaA malignant germ cell tumor composed of a mixture of undifferentiated embryonic carcinoma cells and...
TeratogenA chemical, physical, or biological agent that can cause structural or functional abnormalities in an embryo...
TeratogenesisThe process by which an agent causes structural malformations or functional defects in an embryo or fetus...
TeratogeneticsThe study of the genetic factors that influence the susceptibility to, or the manifestation of, developmental...
TeratogenicDescribing a substance or agent that has the capacity to induce malformations or developmental abnormalities...
Teratogenic indexA quantitative measure used to assess the relative teratogenic potential of a substance. It is calculated as...
TeratogenicityThe inherent ability of a chemical, physical agent, or biological factor to cause developmental abnormalities...
TeratologyThe scientific study of congenital malformations or birth defects, encompassing their causes, mechanisms of...
TeratomaA type of germ cell tumor that contains tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm...
TermA specific energy level of an atom or molecule, characterized by its electronic configuration, total orbital...
Term symbolsA spectroscopic notation used to represent the electronic states of atoms and molecules, derived from the...
Terminal constitutional repeating unitA constitutional repeating unit located at the end of a main chain or a side chain within a macromolecule...
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferaseA specialized DNA polymerase that catalyzes the template-independent addition of deoxynucleotides to the...
TerminationA chemical reaction or step in which a reactive intermediate of a chain reaction is destroyed, causing the...
TerminatorA specific DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription for a gene or operon. This sequence causes RNA...
Ternary diagramA triangular graph used to represent the compositions of systems containing three components, where the sum...
Ternary systemA chemical system consisting of three distinct components, which can be elements or compounds. The...
TerpenesA large class of naturally occurring hydrocarbons derived from the combination of isoprene units, which have...
TerpenoidsA broad class of natural products structurally related to terpenes, but which have been modified through...
TerrestrialRelating to organisms, habitats, or processes that exist or occur on land, as opposed to in aquatic or...
Tertiary aerosolAn aerosol formed by the agglomeration or condensation of primary or secondary aerosol particles. This...
Tertiary lymphoid tissueOrganized aggregates of lymphoid cells that form in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation or...
Tertiary structureThe three-dimensional arrangement of all atoms in a polypeptide chain, resulting from the folding of the...
Tertiary structure of a proteinThe overall three-dimensional shape of a single protein molecule, resulting from the folding of its...
TeslaThe SI derived unit of magnetic flux density, represented by the symbol T. One tesla is defined as the...
Test portionA specific quantity of material, precisely measured by mass or volume, that is removed from the test sample...
Test sampleA representative portion of a laboratory sample that is prepared for analysis according to a specific...
Test setA subset of data used to evaluate the performance of a computational model after it has been trained on a...
Test solutionA solution prepared by dissolving a test portion in a suitable solvent, possibly with the addition of...
Testicular feminizationA genetic condition, also known as androgen insensitivity syndrome, in which individuals who are genetically...
TestingA systematic process of performing one or more determinations on a material, product, or system to ascertain...
Testing of chemicalsThe systematic evaluation of chemical substances to determine their physical, chemical, and toxicological...
TestisThe primary male reproductive gland, responsible for producing spermatozoa and male sex hormones, primarily...
TestosteroneA principal androgenic steroid hormone, primarily produced in the Leydig cells of the testes in males and in...
TetanicRelating to or characterized by tetanus, a state of sustained muscle contraction without relaxation. This...
TetanusA serious neurological condition characterized by prolonged, involuntary muscle contractions, or spasticity...
Tetanus toxinA potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani that causes the disease tetanus. The toxin...
Tetanus toxin-binding gangliosideA specific type of ganglioside, a glycosphingolipid, found on the surface of neurons that serves as a...
Tetanus toxoidA detoxified form of tetanus toxin that retains its antigenicity but loses its toxicity, used as a vaccine to...
TetanyA medical sign characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles, which can manifest as cramps, spasms...
TetracyclinesA class of polyketide antibiotics characterized by a linear, tetracyclic naphthacene carboxamide core...
Tetrad testA neurobehavioral assessment used in toxicology to evaluate the effects of a substance on the central nervous...
Tetrahedral intermediateA transient species formed during nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions, where a nucleophile attacks a...
Tetrahedro-A prefix used in inorganic nomenclature to indicate a cluster of four atoms, typically of the same element...
Tetralogy of FallotA congenital heart defect characterized by four abnormalities: a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary...
Tetramer stainingA laboratory technique used to identify and quantify antigen-specific T lymphocytes by employing soluble...
TetrapyrrolesA class of chemical compounds containing a core structure of four pyrrole rings, which are five-membered...
TetraterpenoidsA class of terpenoids derived from eight isoprene units, resulting in compounds with 40 carbon atoms. These...
TetrodotoxinA potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine organisms, such as pufferfish and blue-ringed octopuses, that...
Tetrodotoxin-insensitiveDescribing voltage-gated sodium channels that are not blocked by the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, indicating a...
TextureThe spatial arrangement and morphology of the constituent particles within a material, including their size...
θ stateA specific thermodynamic state of a polymer solution where the polymer chains behave as ideal chains, meaning...
θ temperatureThe specific temperature at which a polymer in a given solvent behaves as an ideal chain, meaning the...
Th0 cellA naive helper T lymphocyte that has not yet encountered its specific antigen and therefore has not...
Th1 cellA subtype of helper T lymphocyte, designated as type 1, that directs cell-mediated immunity primarily against...
Th17 cellA subset of helper T lymphocytes that produces interleukin-17 (IL-17) and other cytokines. These cells are...
Th2 cellA type of helper T lymphocyte that primarily secretes cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6...
Th3 cellA regulatory subset of helper T lymphocytes that primarily produces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)...
Th9 cellA type of helper T lymphocyte that produces interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). These cells are...
ThalamusA large, ovoid mass of grey matter located in the dorsal part of the diencephalon, deep within the brain. It...
ThalidomideA synthetic drug that gained notoriety in the late 1950s and early 1960s for causing severe birth defects...
ThecaThe layer of connective tissue cells surrounding an ovarian follicle, which differentiates into two...
Theoretical ceramic yieldThe maximum possible mass percentage of ceramic material that can be obtained from a precursor polymer upon...
Theoretical degree of biodegradationThe maximum extent to which a polymer can be biodegraded, calculated based on its elemental composition and...
Theoretical maximum daily intakeAn estimate of the maximum amount of a pesticide residue that a person could ingest daily over a lifetime...
Theoretical scattered-ion intensityThe calculated intensity of ions scattered from a surface, based on a theoretical model of the interaction...
Therapeutic antibodyA monoclonal antibody administered to a patient to treat a specific disease. These engineered proteins bind...
Therapeutic cloningA process involving the creation of a cloned embryo for the purpose of extracting embryonic stem cells, which...
Therapeutic indexA quantitative measure that compares the dose of a drug that causes a therapeutic effect to the dose that...
Therapeutic polymerA polymeric material designed to exert a therapeutic effect within a biological system. This can involve...
Thermal analysisA group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature...
Thermal annealingA heat treatment process applied to polymeric materials to modify their physical properties, often by...
Thermal blackA type of carbon black produced by the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, in the...
Thermal bleachingThe process by which color centers or other light-absorbing species in a material lose their color upon...
Thermal columnA section of a nuclear reactor designed to extract a beam of thermal neutrons for experimental purposes. It...
Thermal conductanceA measure of the rate at which heat is transferred through a specific material or across a boundary for a...
Thermal conductivityA material's ability to conduct heat, defined as the rate at which heat is transferred through a unit...
Thermal conductivity detectorA common type of detector used in gas chromatography that measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the...
Thermal curingA process where a polymer or resin undergoes cross-linking or polymerization reactions initiated and driven...
Thermal curveA graphical representation of a physical property of a substance as a function of temperature or time...
Thermal diffusion depthThe characteristic distance into a sample that a thermal wave penetrates during a periodic heating...
Thermal diffusivityA material property that quantifies the rate at which heat diffuses through it, representing how quickly...
Thermal dispersionThe spreading of a thermal pulse or wave as it propagates through a medium, caused by variations in thermal...
Thermal extractionA separation technique that uses heat to remove analytes from a solid or liquid matrix. The sample is heated...
Thermal field-flow fractionationA field-flow fractionation technique that separates macromolecules or particles based on their thermal...
Thermal fissionThe nuclear fission of heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, induced by the absorption...
Thermal historyThe complete record of temperature changes experienced by a polymer sample from its synthesis through...
Thermal injectionThe process of introducing charge carriers into a polymer material by applying thermal energy, typically...
Thermal ionizationThe formation of ions from a solid sample by heating it to a high temperature on a metal surface. The sample...
Thermal lagThe delay in temperature response of a material or a sensor relative to a change in the surrounding...
Thermal lensingA phenomenon where a laser beam passing through a medium causes localized heating, leading to a change in the...
Thermal neutronsNeutrons that are in thermal equilibrium with their surrounding medium, typically having kinetic energies...
Thermal volatilizationThe process by which a substance is converted into a gaseous state by heating, without undergoing chemical...
Thermal wave decay coefficientA parameter that describes the exponential attenuation of a thermal wave as it propagates through a material...
Thermally stimulated currentA thermal analysis technique that measures the current generated in a dielectric material as it is heated at...
Thermally stimulated depolarisationA thermal analysis technique that measures the depolarization current or charge released from a previously...
Thermally-induced transitionA phase transition in a solid that occurs as a direct consequence of a change in temperature. This...
Thermionic work functionThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a solid into a vacuum, specifically...
Thermo- techniqueA method of thermal analysis that involves measuring a physical property of a substance as a function of...
ThermoacoustimetryA thermal analysis technique that measures the acoustic properties of a substance as a function of...
ThermoanalyticalDescribing methods or processes related to thermal analysis, where a physical property of a substance is...
ThermochromismThe property of certain substances to change color reversibly in response to a change in temperature. This...
ThermocoupleA temperature-measuring device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors joined at one or more...
ThermodiffractometryA thermal analysis technique that combines X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction with controlled...
ThermodilatometryA thermal analysis technique that measures the change in the dimensions of a substance as a function of...
Thermodynamic controlA condition in a chemical reaction where the product distribution is determined by the relative stabilities...
Thermodynamic isotope effectA change in the equilibrium constant of a reaction when one or more atoms in the reactants are replaced by...
Thermodynamic temperatureThe absolute measure of temperature, defined such that zero corresponds to the absolute zero point where...
Thermodynamically equivalent sphereA hypothetical sphere that exhibits the same thermodynamic properties, such as excluded volume, as a real...
ThermoelectrometryA thermal analysis technique that measures the electrical properties of a substance as a function of...
Thermogravimetric analyserAn instrument used to measure the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time, under a...
Thermogravimetric analysisA thermal analysis technique that measures the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or...
ThermogravimetryA thermal analysis technique that measures the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or...
ThermoluminescenceThe emission of light by a substance when it is heated, after it has previously absorbed energy from...
Thermoluminescence analysisA technique that measures the light emitted by a material when it is heated after being exposed to ionizing...
ThermolysisThe chemical decomposition of a compound induced solely by heat, without the involvement of other reagents or...
ThermomagnetometryA thermal analysis method that measures the magnetic properties of a substance as a function of temperature...
ThermomanometryA thermal analysis technique that measures the pressure of the gas evolved from a substance as a function of...
Thermomechanical analyserAn instrument that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, time, and...
Thermomechanical analysisA thermal analysis technique that measures the dimensional changes (e.g., expansion, contraction...
Thermomechanical measurementA thermal analysis technique that measures the mechanical properties of a substance as a function of...
Thermomechanical propertiesThe mechanical properties of a polymer as they vary with temperature, time, and frequency of applied stress...
Thermometric titrationA titration method where the temperature change of the solution is monitored as a function of the volume of...
ThermomicroscopyA thermal analysis technique that combines microscopy with controlled temperature programming, allowing for...
Thermoparticulate analysisA thermal analysis technique that measures the evolution of particulate matter from a sample as a function of...
ThermophileAn organism that thrives at relatively high temperatures, with optimal growth occurring between 45 °C and 80...
ThermophotocatalysisA catalytic process that combines both thermal energy and light energy to drive a chemical reaction. The...
ThermopileA device composed of multiple thermocouples connected in series, designed to measure small temperature...
Thermoplastic elastomerA copolymer or a blend of polymers that exhibits both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties. These...
ThermoptometryA thermal analysis technique that measures the optical properties of a substance as a function of...
Thermoreversible gelA gel that can reversibly transition between a solid-like gel state and a liquid-like sol state upon changes...
Thermoreversible junction pointA region within a polymer network where chains are interconnected through non-covalent bonds that form or...
Thermoreversible networkA polymer network constructed with thermoreversible junction points, which are non-covalent and thermally...
Thermosetting polymerA polymer that undergoes an irreversible chemical reaction upon heating, forming a highly cross-linked...
ThermosonimetryA thermal analysis technique that measures the acoustic emissions from a substance as a function of...
ThermospectrometryA technique that combines thermal analysis with spectroscopic methods to study changes in a material's...
ThermosphereThe outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located above the mesosphere, extending from approximately 80...
Thermospray ionizationA soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry, where a liquid sample is rapidly heated and sprayed...
Thermotropic mesophaseA liquid crystalline phase that forms when a substance is heated or cooled, exhibiting properties...
Thickness of diffusion layerThe effective distance from an electrode surface into the bulk solution where the concentration of...
Thickness of electrical double layerThe characteristic distance over which the electrostatic potential around a charged surface in an electrolyte...
Thickness of reaction layerThe spatial extent of the region near an electrode surface where an electrochemical reaction occurs. This...
ThigmotaxisA behavioral response in which an organism tends to move towards or maintain contact with solid surfaces or...
Thin filmA layer of material with a thickness ranging from a fraction of a nanometer to several micrometers, deposited...
Thin film formatA configuration in which a sorbent material is coated onto a thin, inert substrate, such as a fiber or a...
Thin layer chromatography-mass spectrometryAn analytical technique that couples thin layer chromatography (TLC) directly with mass spectrometry (MS)...
Thin targetA sample used in surface chemical analysis or nuclear physics experiments that is sufficiently thin such that...
Thin-layer chromatographyA chromatographic technique where the stationary phase is a thin layer of adsorbent material, such as silica...
Thin-layer headspace analysisA variant of headspace analysis where the sample is spread as a thin layer to maximize the surface area...
ThioA prefix used in chemical nomenclature to indicate the replacement of an oxygen atom by a sulfur atom in a...
ThioacetalsOrganic compounds in which the oxygen atoms of an acetal are replaced by sulfur atoms. They are formed by the...
Thioaldehyde S-oxidesOrganic compounds containing a carbon-sulfur double bond where the sulfur atom is also bonded to an oxygen...
ThioaldehydesOrganic compounds containing a thiocarbonyl group (C=S) where the carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom...
ThioanhydridesOrganic compounds derived from carboxylic anhydrides where one or both of the bridging oxygen atoms are...
Thiocarboxylic acidsOrganic compounds that are sulfur analogues of carboxylic acids, where one or both oxygen atoms of the...
ThiocyanatesOrganic compounds containing the functional group -S-C≡N, where a sulfur atom is directly bonded to an...
ThioethersOrganic compounds containing a sulfur atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups, forming a C-S-C linkage. These...
ThiohemiacetalsOrganic compounds formed by the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a thiol, resulting in a functional...
Thioketone S-oxidesOrganic compounds characterized by a carbon-sulfur double bond, where the sulfur atom is also bonded to an...
ThioketonesOrganic compounds that are sulfur analogues of ketones, where the carbonyl oxygen atom is replaced by a...
ThiolatesAnions derived from thiols by deprotonation of the sulfhydryl (-SH) group, resulting in an RS⁻ species. These...
ThiolsOrganic compounds containing a sulfhydryl functional group (-SH) attached to a carbon atom. They are the...
Third bodyA species, denoted as M, that participates in a bimolecular or unimolecular chemical reaction by colliding...
Thixotropic gelA gel that exhibits thixotropy, meaning it becomes fluid when subjected to shear stress, such as stirring or...
Thoracic ductThe largest lymphatic vessel in the body, responsible for collecting most of the body's lymph and returning...
Thoracic spineThe middle section of the vertebral column, consisting of twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) located between the...
Threadable ringA macrocyclic component of a rotaxane or pseudorotaxane that is capable of encircling a linear molecular...
Threading componentThe linear or branched macromolecule that passes through the cavity of one or more macrocyclic components in...
Three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that correlates three different spectroscopic parameters...
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationshipsA computational method used in drug design to correlate the three-dimensional structural features of a set of...
Three-electrode cellAn electrochemical cell configuration that includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference...
ThresholdThe dose or exposure concentration of a substance below which no detectable adverse effect is expected to...
Threshold energyThe minimum kinetic energy that colliding reactant molecules must possess along their line of centers for a...
Threshold limit value-ceilingThe concentration of an airborne substance that should not be exceeded at any point during a workday, even...
Threshold limit value-short-term exposure limitA 15-minute time-weighted average exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if...
Threshold limit value-time-weighted averageThe average concentration of an airborne substance over an eight-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to...
Threshold of toxicological concernA concept used in toxicology to establish a low level of exposure to a chemical below which there is a...
Threshold potentialThe critical level of membrane potential that must be reached in an excitable cell, such as a neuron or...
Threshold theoryA concept in toxicology and ecotoxicology proposing that there is a specific level of exposure to a toxic...
Threshold-effect concentrationThe lowest concentration of a substance at which a statistically significant adverse effect is observed in a...
ThrombocytopeniaA medical condition characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood...
ThrombogenicityThe property of a material that causes or promotes the formation of a thrombus, or blood clot, when it comes...
ThromboxaneA type of lipid autacoid derived from arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase pathway, belonging to the...
ThrombusA solid mass formed within the cardiovascular system from blood constituents, such as platelets, fibrin, and...
Through-bond electron transferA mechanism of electron transfer where the electron moves between a donor and an acceptor group by...
Through-conjugationA type of electronic interaction in a molecule where two or more pi systems are connected by a saturated...
Through-space electron transferA mechanism of electron transfer between a donor and an acceptor molecule where the electron moves directly...
ThrushA common fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, typically affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth...
ThymicRelating to the thymus, a specialized primary lymphoid organ located in the chest. The thymus is the site...
Thymic atrophyA reduction in the size and cellularity of the thymus, a primary lymphoid organ responsible for T lymphocyte...
ThymomaA neoplasm that develops from the epithelial cells of the thymus, a specialized lymphoid organ located in the...
ThymusA primary lymphoid organ situated in the mediastinum, behind the sternum and between the lungs. It is the...
Thymus-dependent antigenAn antigen that requires the assistance of helper T lymphocytes to stimulate B lymphocytes into producing...
Thymus-independent antigenAn antigen capable of directly stimulating B lymphocytes to produce antibodies without the involvement of T...
ThyroglobulinA large glycoprotein synthesized and secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland, serving as a...
Thyroglossal ductAn embryonic remnant that forms during the descent of the thyroid gland from the base of the tongue to its...
Thyroid glandA large endocrine gland located in the neck, situated in front of the trachea. It consists of two lobes...
Thyroid peroxidaseAn enzyme expressed in the thyroid gland that facilitates the synthesis of thyroid hormones. It catalyzes the...
Thyroid stimulating hormoneA glycoprotein hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the function of...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptorA cell surface protein found primarily on thyroid follicular cells that binds thyroid-stimulating hormone...
ThyrotoxicosisA clinical syndrome resulting from excessive thyroid hormone action in tissues, regardless of the source. It...
TICT emissionThe fluorescence emitted from a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. This emission typically...
TICT stateA twisted intramolecular charge transfer state, formed when a molecule undergoes a substantial change in its...
Tidal volumeThe amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs during a single, quiet respiratory cycle of inhalation...
Tie moleculeA polymer chain that connects two or more crystalline lamellae or crystalline regions within a...
Tie-lineA line drawn on a phase diagram connecting the compositions of two phases that are in equilibrium with each...
Tiered testingA sequential approach to toxicity testing where simpler, less expensive tests are performed first, followed...
TimeA fundamental physical quantity representing the continuous progression of existence and events from the past...
Time constantA characteristic parameter representing the time required for a system's response to reach approximately...
Time domainThe analysis of physical signals or mathematical functions as a function of time. This approach contrasts...
Time domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that measures the decay of magnetization over time after a...
Time of centrifugationThe duration for which a centrifuge rotor operates at its set angular velocity, excluding the periods of...
Time-correlated single photon countingA highly sensitive technique used to measure fluorescence lifetimes by detecting individual photons and...
Time-dependent density functional theoryA quantum mechanical method used to study the electronic structure and dynamics of systems in time-varying...
Time-dependent stoichiometryA characteristic of a chemical reaction system where the stoichiometric coefficients of reactants or products...
Time-independent stoichiometryA description of the relative amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction that does not change...
Time-independent testA type of ecotoxicological test where the observed effect or endpoint is not directly dependent on the...
Time-lag focusingA technique used in time-of-flight mass spectrometry to improve mass resolution by compensating for the...
Time-of-flight mass spectrometerA type of mass spectrometer that separates ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio by measuring the time it...
Time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopyAn analytical technique that involves creating a plasma on a sample's surface with a focused laser pulse and...
Time-resolved microwave conductivityA technique used to measure the transient conductivity of materials following pulsed excitation, typically by...
Time-resolved spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that measures the absorption or emission of light as a function of time after...
Time-temperature superposition principleA principle stating that for certain viscoelastic polymers, the effect of changing the temperature is...
Time-weighted average samplingA sampling strategy where a sample is collected continuously or intermittently over a defined period, and the...
Time-weighted-average-exposureThe average concentration of a chemical or physical agent in the air over a specified period, typically an...
T-independent antigenAn antigen that can directly stimulate B lymphocytes to produce antibodies without the involvement of T...
TinglingA prickling or stinging sensation on the skin, formally known as paresthesia, that occurs without external...
TinnitusThe perception of sound in one or both ears or in the head when no external sound is present. This phantom...
Tip enhanced raman spectroscopyA surface analysis technique that combines scanning probe microscopy with Raman spectroscopy to obtain...
TissueA collection of specialized cells and their extracellular matrix that work together to perform a specific...
Tissue doseThe concentration of a toxic substance or its metabolites within a specific tissue or organ of the body. This...
Tissue engineeringAn interdisciplinary field that applies principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of...
Tissue transglutaminaseAn enzyme that catalyzes the formation of isopeptide bonds between protein-bound glutamine and lysine...
TiterA measure of the concentration of a substance, such as an antibody or antigen, determined by the highest...
TitrandThe chemical species in a solution whose concentration is to be determined in a titration experiment. This...
TitrantA solution of a reagent of known concentration that is added incrementally to a sample solution, the analyte...
TitrationThe process of determining the quantity of a substance in a solution by adding a measured volume of a...
Titration curveA graphical representation of the change in concentration of a chemical species during a titration, plotted...
Titration errorThe difference between the volume of titrant actually added to reach the end point of a titration and the...
TitreThe concentration of a substance in a solution, determined by titration against a standard solution. It...
Titrimetric analysisA quantitative chemical analysis method that determines the concentration of an analyte by reacting it with a...
T-mazeA simple apparatus used in behavioral neuroscience and toxicology to study learning, memory, and...
Tolerable daily intakeAn estimate of the amount of a substance in food or drinking water that can be ingested daily over a lifetime...
Tolerable riskA level of risk that is considered acceptable in a given context, taking into account the benefits of the...
Tolerable weekly intakeThe maximum amount of a substance that can be ingested weekly over a lifetime without appreciable health...
ToleranceThe permissible range of variation for a measured quantity or characteristic of a product, process, or...
Tolerance indexA quantitative measure indicating the ability of an organism or population to withstand exposure to a...
Tolerance intervalA statistical interval that estimates the range within which a specified proportion of a population falls...
Tolerance limitA specified upper or lower bound of a property or characteristic of an item, process, or service, which...
TolerogenA substance that induces immunological tolerance, meaning it suppresses an immune response rather than...
Tolyl ionA carbocation with the chemical formula C7H7+, derived from toluene by the formal removal of a hydride ion...
TomographyA technique for imaging the internal structure of an object by creating cross-sectional slices from multiple...
TonicRelating to a state of continuous, sustained muscular contraction or tension. This type of muscular activity...
TonneA non-SI unit of mass, also known as a metric ton, equivalent to 1000 kilograms. This unit is widely used in...
TonsilA mass of lymphoid tissue located in the pharynx, forming part of the immune system's first line of defense...
TopcoatA thin, protective layer applied over a photoresist film in lithography to enhance imaging performance. This...
Top-down ecotoxicological studyAn investigation that begins by examining the effects of a toxic substance at a higher level of biological...
Top-down patterningA fabrication approach in which a bulk material is selectively removed or modified to create desired patterns...
Top-down proteomicsA strategy in proteomics that involves the analysis of intact proteins without prior proteolytic digestion...
TopicalRelating to the application of a substance directly to a localized area of the body surface, such as the skin...
Topical effectA localized biological or pharmacological response occurring at the site of direct application of a...
Topochemical polymerisationA polymerization reaction that occurs in the solid state, where the monomer molecules are arranged in a...
Topochemical reactionA chemical reaction that occurs in the solid state, where the reactivity and product formation are...
Topographic contrastThe variation in signal intensity observed in surface analysis techniques that arises from differences in the...
Topological indexA numerical value derived from the molecular graph of a chemical compound, representing its connectivity and...
Topological polar surface areaThe sum of the surface areas of all polar atoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and attached hydrogen atoms) in a...
TopomerizationA type of stereoisomerization where a molecule undergoes a transformation that interconverts topomers, which...
Topotactic transitionA solid-state phase transition where the crystallographic orientation of the product phase bears a definite...
Top-surface imagingA lithographic technique where the image is formed only on the uppermost layer of a resist film, rather than...
Toroidal ion trapA type of ion trap mass analyzer where ions are confined in a toroidal (doughnut-shaped) electric field. This...
TorqueThe rotational equivalent of linear force, representing the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an...
TorquoselectivityThe preferential direction of rotation of substituents during an electrocyclic reaction. This selectivity...
TorrA non-SI unit of pressure, defined as 1/760 of a standard atmosphere. This unit is approximately equal to the...
Torsade de pointesA specific, life-threatening form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia characterized by a distinctive...
Torsion angleThe dihedral angle between two planes defined by four sequentially bonded atoms, typically denoted as...
Torsion pendulumAn instrument used to measure the viscoelastic properties of materials, particularly polymers, by observing...
Torsional braid analysisA thermomechanical technique used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of materials, particularly...
Torsional pendulum analysisA method for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of materials by measuring the response of a sample to...
Torsional stereoisomersStereoisomers that differ in their spatial arrangement due to restricted rotation around a single bond, where...
TorticollisA condition characterized by a twisted neck, resulting in an abnormal head position where the chin is tilted...
Total consumption timeThe time interval required for a discrete sample solution to be completely consumed in flame spectrometry...
Total correlation spectroscopyA two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment that establishes correlations between all...
Total diet studyA method used to assess dietary exposure to chemical contaminants and nutrients by analyzing representative...
Total internal reflectionThe phenomenon where an electromagnetic wave, such as light, traveling in a medium encounters an interface...
Total internal reflection fluorescenceA microscopy technique that selectively illuminates and excites fluorophores within a very thin region...
Total ion currentThe sum of the currents carried by all ions of a particular polarity detected in a mass spectrometer. This...
Total ion current electropherogramA plot representing the sum of the ion currents for all detected ions as a function of migration time in a...
Total ion current profileA plot showing the sum of the ion currents for all detected ions as a function of acquisition time in a mass...
Total ion yieldThe total number of ions detected per incident particle or photon in a surface analysis experiment. This...
Total mobile phase timeThe time required for an unretained compound to pass through a chromatographic column. This measurement...
Total mobile phase volumeThe volume of mobile phase that passes through a chromatography column from the moment of sample injection...
Total mobile-phase volume in columnThe entire volume occupied by the mobile phase within the chromatographic column. This encompasses the...
Total organic carbonA measure of the amount of carbon present in organic compounds within a water sample or soil, excluding...
Total quality managementA management approach for an organization, centered on quality and based on the participation of all its...
Total reflection of X-raysThe phenomenon where an X-ray beam striking a smooth surface at a very small grazing angle, below a specific...
Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysisAn analytical technique that uses total reflection of X-rays to excite fluorescence from a sample, primarily...
Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopyA spectroscopic method that employs the total reflection of an incident X-ray beam from a sample surface to...
Total retention timeThe time elapsed from the injection of a sample into a chromatographic system until the maximum of the peak...
Total retention volumeThe volume of mobile phase that passes through a chromatographic column from the point of sample injection...
Total sample consumption systemAn idealized sample introduction system in atomic spectrometry where the entire amount of sample material...
Total secondary-electron yieldThe ratio of the total number of secondary electrons leaving a surface to the number of incident primary...
Total suppression of spinning sidebandsA pulse sequence technique used in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to eliminate spinning...
Total terminal residueThe sum of all residues of a pesticide and its metabolites that remain in or on a commodity at the time of...
Total velocity of the analyteThe net speed and direction at which an analyte moves through a separation medium, such as a capillary in...
Totally porous packingA type of stationary phase material used in chromatography where the entire particle is permeable to the...
Tougaard backgroundA mathematical model used in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to subtract the inelastic scattering...
ToxemiaA condition characterized by the presence of toxins in the bloodstream, which are produced by bacteria or...
ToxicDescribing a substance that is poisonous or capable of causing harm to a living organism. This harm can...
Toxic doseThe quantity of a substance that, when introduced into the body, produces a harmful effect other than a...
Toxic epidermal necrolysisA severe, life-threatening skin reaction characterized by widespread blistering and detachment of the...
Toxic shock syndromeA severe and potentially fatal condition caused by bacterial toxins, primarily from Staphylococcus aureus or...
Toxic substanceAny substance that can produce adverse health effects in an organism, either through direct exposure or by...
Toxic unitA standardized measure used in ecotoxicology to express the concentration of a toxicant relative to its...
ToxicityThe degree to which a substance can cause harm to a living organism. This property is inherent to the...
Toxicity curveA graphical representation plotting the time required to produce a specific toxic effect against the...
Toxicity equivalency factorA numerical value assigned to a specific congener of a toxic chemical, such as a dioxin or furan, to express...
Toxicity equivalentA calculated value representing the overall toxicity of a mixture of related toxic compounds, expressed as if...
Toxicity exposure ratioA ratio comparing the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) or a similar toxicity endpoint of a substance...
Toxicity identification and evaluationA systematic process used to determine the cause of toxicity in environmental samples, such as wastewater...
Toxicity testAn experimental study designed to determine the degree and nature of the adverse effects of a substance on a...
Toxicity valueA quantitative measure that describes the dose or concentration of a substance required to produce a specific...
ToxicodynamicsThe study of the biochemical and physiological effects of toxic substances on living organisms and their...
ToxicogeneticsThe study of how genetic variations among individuals influence their susceptibility to the effects of toxic...
ToxicogenomicsThe application of genomic technologies, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to understand...
ToxicokineticsThe study of the quantitative description of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)...
Toxicological data sheetA document that summarizes the known toxic properties of a specific chemical substance, including information...
ToxicologyThe scientific discipline that studies the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on...
ToxicometryThe quantitative measurement of the toxicity of substances, involving the determination of dose-response...
ToxicophobiaAn abnormal and persistent fear of poisons or of being poisoned, which is considered a specific phobia. This...
Toxicophoric groupA specific functional group or structural feature within a molecule that is responsible for its toxic...
ToxicovigilanceThe active and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on poisonings and adverse effects...
ToxificationThe metabolic process by which a less toxic or non-toxic substance is converted into a more toxic compound...
ToxinA poisonous substance produced by living organisms, such as bacteria, plants, or animals, that can cause...
ToxinologyThe scientific study of toxins, encompassing their chemical structure, biological activity, mechanisms of...
ToxoidA bacterial toxin that has been chemically modified or inactivated so that it loses its toxicity but retains...
ToxoplasmosisAn infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect most warm-blooded animals...
Tr1 cellA type of regulatory T lymphocyte that produces high levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth...
Trace elementAn element present in a sample at a very low concentration, insufficient to be considered a major or minor...
Trace nutrientA chemical element required by an organism in very small quantities for proper growth, development, and...
TraceabilityThe property of a measurement result that relates it to a stated reference through an unbroken chain of...
TracerA substance, often a radioisotope or a stable isotope, introduced into a system to follow the path or...
Tracer substanceA substance, often labeled with a radioactive or stable isotope, that is introduced into a system to follow...
TracheaA cartilaginous tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the primary airway for...
TrackA region of localized damage created within a solid dielectric material by the passage of a single...
Track detectorA device or material that records the passage of energetic charged particles by forming latent damage trails...
Trade-offA decision-making process involving the acceptance of a disadvantage or loss in one area to gain an advantage...
TrajectoryThe path followed by a particle or a system of particles in space as a function of time, particularly in the...
TranquilizerA class of psychoactive drugs that reduce anxiety, tension, and agitation without causing excessive sedation...
Trans-A stereochemical descriptor used in organic chemistry to indicate that two specific substituents are on...
TransamidationA chemical reaction in which an amide group reacts with an amine to form a new amide and release a different...
Transannular strainThe repulsive interaction between atoms or groups that are not directly bonded but are located across a ring...
TranscriptionThe biological process by which genetic information encoded in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) template is...
Transcription factorA protein that controls the rate at which genetic information is transcribed from DNA into messenger RNA by...
TranscriptomeThe complete set of RNA transcripts, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA...
TranscriptomicsThe study of the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by an organism, organ, tissue, or cell type under...
Transcrystalline layerA region of oriented polymer crystallization that forms at an interface, such as between a polymer matrix and...
Transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulationA non-invasive therapeutic technique that uses low-voltage electrical current delivered through electrodes...
TranscytosisA cellular process by which macromolecules are transported across a cell, from one extracellular space to...
TransducerA device that converts energy from one form to another, often used to convert a physical or chemical quantity...
TransductionThe process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterial cell by a bacteriophage or virus. This...
TransesterificationA chemical reaction where an ester reacts with an alcohol to form a new ester and a different alcohol. This...
Transfer activity coefficientA thermodynamic quantity that describes the difference in the standard chemical potential of a solute between...
Transfer coefficientA dimensionless parameter in electrochemistry that describes the fraction of the applied overpotential that...
Transfer examination deviceA device that moves a portion of a primary sample to a secondary container or analytical instrument for...
Transfer lineA heated conduit used to transport volatile or semi-volatile compounds from one part of an analytical...
Transfer RNAA class of small ribonucleic acid molecules that function as adaptors in protein synthesis, translating the...
TransferabilityThe concept that certain properties or parameters associated with a specific atom, bond, or functional group...
TransferasesA class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a specific functional group, such as a methyl or glycosyl...
TransflectanceA spectroscopic measurement technique where light passes through a sample, reflects off a surface behind it...
TransflectionA spectroscopic technique where light passes through a sample, reflects off a surface, and then passes back...
TransformationThe conversion of a substrate into a particular product, irrespective of the reagents or mechanisms involved...
Transformation probabilityThe probability that a particular atom or molecule sputtered from a surface during analysis is converted into...
Transformed cellA cell that has undergone stable genetic changes, leading to alterations in its growth characteristics and...
Transforming growth factor βA multifunctional cytokine that controls proliferation, cellular differentiation, and other functions in most...
TransgeneA gene or genetic material that has been transferred from one organism to another, or from one location to...
TransgenicDescribing an organism that contains genetic material from another species, or from the same species but...
Transient crosslinkA non-covalent bond or physical association between polymer chains that forms and breaks reversibly under...
Transient junction pointA temporary point of connection within a polymer network, where multiple polymer chains converge and are held...
Transient networkA polymer network in which the junction points or crosslinks are temporary and can form and break reversibly...
Transient phaseA temporary state or intermediate species that exists for a short duration during a chemical reaction or...
Transient speciesAn unstable chemical entity with a very short lifetime, formed during a chemical reaction and subsequently...
Transient spectroscopyA collection of spectroscopic techniques used to study the properties and kinetics of short-lived chemical...
Transiently transfected cellsCells that have temporarily incorporated foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into their cytoplasm...
Transient-stimulated emission pumpingA spectroscopic technique that uses two laser pulses to prepare molecules in a specific rovibrational level...
Transit timeThe duration required for a substance or particle to travel from one defined point to another within a...
Transition coordinateA specific vibrational mode or combination of modes that describes the motion of atoms along the reaction...
Transition elementA metallic element that forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d subshell. These elements...
Transition intervalThe range of concentration or activity of a chemical species over which an indicator undergoes a discernible...
Transition momentA vector quantity that describes the probability and polarization of an electronic transition between two...
Transition polarizationThe orientation of the electric dipole transition moment with respect to the molecular framework. This...
Transition potentialThe electrical potential at which a phase transition occurs in a reference material used for calibrating a...
Transition speciesAn unstable molecular entity that exists at the highest energy point along the reaction coordinate between...
Transition stateA specific configuration of atoms along the reaction coordinate that represents the point of highest...
Transition state analogueA stable compound that structurally resembles the transition state of a chemical reaction. These molecules...
Transition state theoryA theoretical framework used to calculate reaction rates by assuming that a quasi-equilibrium exists between...
Transition structureA specific arrangement of atoms at the saddle point on a potential energy surface, representing the highest...
Transition temperatureA specific temperature at which a material undergoes a change in its physical state or molecular arrangement...
Transition timeThe duration from the start of electrolysis at a constant current until the concentration of the...
Transition wavenumberThe wavenumber corresponding to the energy difference between two specific energy levels in an atom or...
Transition-metal-mediated radical polymerizationA type of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization that employs transition metal complexes to control...
TranslationThe biological process by which the genetic information encoded in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is...
Translational chain repeating unitThe smallest chemical repeating unit of a polymer chain that, through simple translation, generates the...
Translational diffusionThe net movement of molecules or particles from a region of higher concentration to one of lower...
Translational diffusion coefficientA quantitative measure of the rate at which molecules or particles undergo translational diffusion in a given...
Translational frictional coefficientA measure of the resistance encountered by a molecule or particle as it moves through a fluid, opposing its...
TransmissionThe ratio of the number of ions leaving a specific region of a mass spectrometer to the number of ions that...
Transmission efficiencyThe ratio of the number of ions that exit a component of a mass spectrometer to the number of ions that...
Transmission electron energy loss spectroscopyA technique used in conjunction with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to analyze the energy lost by...
Transmission electron microscopyA technique that uses a beam of electrons transmitted through a very thin specimen to create a magnified...
Transmission high energy electron diffractionA technique used to study the crystal structure of thin films and surfaces by observing the diffraction...
Transmission quadrupole mass spectrometerA type of mass spectrometer that uses four parallel rods to create an oscillating electric field, which acts...
Transmission Raman spectroscopyA variant of Raman spectroscopy where the laser excitation light passes through the sample, and the scattered...

642 of 13,678 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.