Torsional stereoisomers

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-012128",
  "term": "Torsional stereoisomers",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "Stereoisomers that interconvert, in practice or in principle, by twisting about a bond axis. The class covers conformers (rotamers) that interconvert rapidly, atropisomers whose rotation is slow enough for separation, as in hindered biaryls, and the E and Z isomers of alkenes, which interconvert by torsion about a double bond. Atropisomers are defined by a half-life of interconversion of at least about 1000 seconds at a stated temperature.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "stereoisomers",
    "alkenes",
    "atropisomers",
    "rotamer"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1996, 68, 2193. 'Basic terminology of stereochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)' on page 2221 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668122193)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/torsional-stereoisomers/"
}