Through-conjugation

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-012040",
  "term": "Through-conjugation",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A pattern of conjugation in which a donor and an acceptor, joined through a continuous pi system, exchange electron density directly, so that charge can spread between any pair among three or more participating groups. In the phenolate of p-nitrophenol, the negative charge on oxygen is spread onto the nitro group in this way. It contrasts with cross-conjugation, and in Hammett correlations it shows up as exalted substituent constants, sigma-plus or sigma-minus.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2022, 94, 353. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)' on page 518 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1010)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/through-conjugation/"
}