Π-electron acceptor/donor group

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-008585",
  "term": "Π-electron acceptor/donor group",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A substituent group that either withdraws or donates electron density through a pi (π) bond system. A π-electron acceptor group pulls electron density away from the conjugated system, while a π-electron donor group pushes electron density into it. These groups significantly influence the electronic properties and reactivity of molecules, affecting reaction rates and product distributions.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "electronic effect of substituents: symbols and signs",
    "polar effect",
    "substituent atom",
    "σ-constant"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1155 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/p-electron-acceptor-donor-group/"
}