Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: D (730)

Page 1 of 2

• Δ, ΛStereodescriptors used to specify the helicity of chiral coordination compounds, particularly those with...
• D, l, dlObsolete lowercase prefixes for the sign of optical rotation, d for dextrorotatory, l for levorotatory, and...
• DaltonA non-SI unit of mass, also known as the unified atomic mass unit (u), defined as one twelfth of the mass of...
• Daly detectorA type of ion detector used in mass spectrometry that converts ions into electrons, which are then amplified...
• Damage limitThe maximum dose of incident radiation or particle flux that a sample can withstand during surface analysis...
• Damage to deoxyribonucleic acidAny alteration to the chemical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that can impair its function or...
• Damping curveA graphical representation of the decay in amplitude of oscillations over time, typically observed in dynamic...
• Danger hypothesisA theory proposing that the immune system responds primarily to signals of cellular damage or 'danger' rather...
• DaphniaA genus of small planktonic crustaceans, commonly known as water fleas, found in freshwater environments...
• Daphnia magna reproduction testA standardized ecotoxicological assay that evaluates the effects of chemical substances on the reproductive...
• Dark electric conductivityThe electrical conductivity of a material measured in the absence of any external electromagnetic radiation...
• Dark lossThe reduction in the thickness of a photoresist film in areas that were not exposed to radiation during the...
• Dark photochemistryChemical reactions that produce the same products as a specific photochemical reaction but occur without the...
• Dark reactionThe set of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis that do not directly require light energy, but instead use...
• DASAn acronym for Decay-Associated Spectra, representing the amplitude spectra corresponding to the...
• DataA collection of facts, observations, or measurements, often numerical, that are gathered for analysis or...
• Data matrixA rectangular array of numbers where rows represent observations or samples, and columns represent variables...
• Data miningThe process of discovering patterns, trends, and insights from large datasets using computational algorithms...
• Data pre-processingThe manipulation and transformation of raw analytical data into a form suitable for subsequent analysis...
• Data reductionThe process of transforming a large set of raw experimental data into a corrected, ordered, and simplified...
• Database searchingThe process of comparing experimental analytical data, such as mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns or...
• Data-dependent acquisitionA mass spectrometry acquisition strategy where initial survey scans are performed to identify precursor ions...
• Dative bondA type of covalent bond where both electrons in the shared pair originate from a single atom, known as the...
• Dauben-Salem-Turro rulesA set of empirical rules used in photochemistry to predict the preferred reaction pathways for excited states...
• Daughter ionAn ion produced by a reaction of a particular parent, or precursor, ion in a mass spectrometer, most often by...
• Davydov splittingThe splitting of an absorption or emission band into multiple components in the solid state, observed when...
• DayA non-SI unit of time, defined as 24 hours or 86,400 seconds. While not an SI base unit, it is widely...
• Daylight fingerprintsA type of molecular fingerprint used in cheminformatics to represent chemical structures as bit strings...
• DC polarographyA voltammetric technique that measures the current flowing through an electrochemical cell as a function of a...
• De novo designA computational approach in drug discovery that involves constructing novel molecular structures from...
• DeactivationThe dissipation of excess energy by an excited molecule through any route: emission of light, radiationless...
• DeactivatorA species that reversibly reacts with a propagating polymer chain to form a dormant species, thereby...
• Dead polymer chainA polymer chain that has undergone a termination reaction, such as disproportionation or combination, and can...
• Dead timeThe period following a detection event in a radiation counter during which the instrument is unable to...
• Dead time correctionAn adjustment applied to observed count rates in radiation detection to account for the detector's inability...
• Dead-end metaboliteA compound formed when a microorganism metabolizes a substrate that the organism cannot then metabolize any...
• Dead-end polymerisationA radical polymerization that stops at incomplete monomer conversion because the initiator has been used up...
• Dead-volumeThe volume within a chromatographic system that is not swept by the mobile phase, or where the mobile phase...
• DeathThe irreversible cessation of all life functions within an individual organism. In the context of...
• Death domainA protein interaction module, approximately 80 to 100 amino acids long, found in proteins involved in...
• Death rateThe number of deaths occurring in a particular population over a specified period of time, expressed as a...
• Death receptorA cell surface receptor that initiates programmed cell death (apoptosis) upon binding to its specific ligand...
• DebyeA non-SI unit of electric dipole moment, commonly used in atomic and molecular physics. One debye is defined...
• Debye-Hückel equationA mathematical expression used to calculate the activity coefficient of an ion in a dilute electrolyte...
• DEC-205A C-type lectin receptor expressed on the surface of dendritic cells and some other immune cells. It...
• DecaA decimal prefix in the International System of Units (SI) representing a factor of 10^1, or ten times the...
• Decadic absorbanceA measure of the attenuation of light as it passes through a sample, defined as the common logarithm (base...
• Decay chainA series of radioactive nuclear decays where an unstable nuclide transforms into a sequence of different...
• Decay constantThe probability per unit time that a single nucleus of a radioactive isotope will undergo radioactive decay...
• Decay curveA graphical representation showing the decrease in the activity of a radioactive sample over time. The curve...
• Decay rateThe rate at which a radioactive substance undergoes spontaneous nuclear disintegration, transforming into a...
• Decay schemeA graphical representation illustrating the sequence of nuclear transformations undergone by a radioactive...
• Decay timeThe characteristic duration over which the intensity or concentration of a species, or the amplitude of a...
• Decay-accelerating factorA glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein found on the surface of many cell types, which protects host...
• Dechlorinated waterWater from which chlorine and its compounds, such as chloramines, have been removed. This process is often...
• DeciA decimal prefix in the International System of Units (SI) representing a factor of 10^-1, or one-tenth of...
• DecibelA logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often power or intensity...
• DeciduaThe specialized uterine lining that forms during pregnancy in mammals, originating from the maternal...
• Decidual cellA specialized stromal cell of the endometrium that undergoes morphological and biochemical changes during...
• Decidual cell response techniqueA bioassay used to evaluate the uterus's capacity for decidualization, a key process for embryo implantation...
• DecidualizationThe process of differentiation undergone by endometrial stromal cells in preparation for and during...
• DeciduumThe swelling of the uterine lining at an implantation site, produced as the endometrium reacts to the...
• DecipolA unit of perceived air pollution dose, representing the sensory impact of indoor air contaminants. One...
• Decision rule in conformity assessmentA documented rule that describes how measurement uncertainty is taken into account when stating conformity...
• Decision treeA predictive model that uses a tree-like structure to represent decisions and their possible consequences...
• DecompensationThe failure of an organ or system to maintain its normal physiological function, often following a period of...
• DecompositionA change in which one phase separates into two or more new phases of differing composition, with chemical...
• DecontaminationThe process of removing or neutralizing hazardous substances, such as chemical, biological, or radiological...
• Decontamination factorThe ratio of the initial concentration of a solute in a phase to its final concentration in the same phase...
• Deconvoluted mass spectrumA mass spectrum that has been processed mathematically to remove overlapping peaks or to resolve components...
• Decoupling in the presence of scalar interactionsA family of composite-pulse sequences, abbreviated DIPSI, used in NMR to create isotropic mixing in TOCSY...
• DecussateTo cross or intersect in the form of an X. In neuroanatomy, this describes the crossing of nerve fiber tracts...
• Dedicated kind-of-nominal-propertyA kind-of-nominal-property that is tied to a stated sort of system and, where relevant, one or more sorts of...
• Deep energy trapA localized energy state within the band gap of a semiconductor or insulator that can capture and hold charge...
• Defect-free patternA lithographically produced polymer pattern that perfectly replicates the intended design without any...
• Defeminized gonadotropin secretionA non-cyclic, tonic pattern of gonadotropin release in a female, resembling the typical male secretion...
• DefensinA small, cysteine-rich cationic peptide produced by immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, and by...
• DeflectionThe displacement of an indicator, such as a pointer or a beam of light, from its rest point or zero point on...
• DeflocculationThe process of dispersing aggregated particles in a suspension or colloid into individual, discrete...
• DefoliantA chemical substance applied to plants to induce the premature shedding of their leaves. This action...
• Deformation vibrationA type of molecular vibration where the bond angles within a molecule change, rather than the bond lengths...
• DegeneracyThe condition where two or more distinct quantum states of a system possess the same energy. This occurs when...
• Degenerate chain branchingA type of chain reaction where the branching step, which increases the number of chain carriers, involves an...
• Degenerate orbitalsAtomic or molecular orbitals that possess the same energy level. In the absence of external fields, these...
• Degenerate rearrangementA molecular rearrangement where the product is chemically identical to the starting material, meaning the...
• Degenerate-transfer radical polymerisationA type of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization where the active radical species rapidly and...
• Degenerative chain transferA chain transfer reaction in which the radical character is transferred from a propagating polymer chain to a...
• Degenerative chain-transfer radical polymerizationA type of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization where chain transfer to a transfer agent is rapid...
• Degenerative-transfer polymerizationA controlled polymerization technique where the active chain end undergoes a rapid and reversible transfer...
• DegradabilityThe inherent susceptibility of a material, such as a polymer, to undergo degradation when exposed to specific...
• Degradable macromoleculeA macromolecule whose chemical structure can be broken down into smaller molecules under specific...
• Degradable polymerA polymer material that is capable of undergoing chemical breakdown into smaller molecules or oligomers when...
• DegradationA process involving the irreversible alteration of a polymer's chemical structure, leading to a reduction in...
• Degradative chain transferA chain transfer reaction in polymerization where the newly formed radical, after transfer, is significantly...
• DegranulationThe process by which immune cells, such as mast cells, basophils, and neutrophils, release pre-formed...
• DegreeA unit of measurement for plane angles or for temperature, with the specific meaning depending on the context...
• Degree CelsiusA unit of Celsius temperature, equal in size to the kelvin, with Celsius temperature defined as thermodynamic...
• Degree FahrenheitA non-SI unit of temperature equal to 5/9 of a kelvin, with Fahrenheit temperature related to Celsius...
• Degree of associationThe number of surfactant ions in one micelle, also called the aggregation number, counted without regard to...
• Degree of bioassimilationThe extent to which a material or its degradation products are absorbed and incorporated into the metabolic...
• Degree of biodegradationThe extent to which a material is broken down by biological agents, such as microorganisms, into simpler...
• Degree of biodisintegrationThe mass fraction of a material that has disintegrated through the action of cells, in practice found by...
• Degree of biofragmentationThe extent to which a material is broken down into smaller pieces by biological processes, such as microbial...
• Degree of biomineralizationThe extent to which a material is converted into inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water, and...
• Degree of branchingA parameter describing how fully a hyperbranched polymer is branched, equal to 1 when it contains no linear...
• Degree of crystallinityThe mass fraction of a polymer sample that exists in a crystalline state, as opposed to an amorphous state...
• Degree of degradationA quantitative measure of the extent to which a polymer material has undergone chemical or physical changes...
• Degree of disintegrationA quantitative measure of the extent to which a material, particularly a polymer, breaks down into smaller...
• Degree of dissociationThe fraction of the initial amount of a substance that has undergone dissociation into smaller molecules...
• Degree of fragmentationThe mass fraction of a material that has broken up into fragments under stated conditions, whatever the...
• Degree of ionizationThe fraction of the initial amount of a substance that has been converted into ions in a solution or gas...
• Degree of mineralizationA quantitative measure of the extent to which organic carbon in a polymer material has been converted into...
• Degree of polymerizationA value representing the total count of monomeric units that constitute a single polymer molecule or a...
• Degree of reactionA dimensionless quantity that expresses the extent to which a chemical reaction has proceeded from reactants...
• Degree of supercoolingThe difference between the equilibrium melting temperature of a crystalline polymer and the actual...
• Degree-of-polymerisation dispersityA measure of the breadth of the distribution of degrees of polymerization within a polymer sample. It...
• Degrees of cistacticity and transtacticityMeasures of the relative proportions of cis and trans configurations within a polymer chain, particularly in...
• Degrees of freedomThe number of independent values or quantities that are free to vary in a statistical calculation or a...
• Degrees of triad isotacticity, syndiotacticity, and heterotacticityThe mole fractions of isotactic, syndiotactic, and heterotactic triads within a polymer chain. An isotactic...
• DehydroarenesReactive, usually short-lived species made formally by taking one hydrogen from each of two carbon atoms in...
• DehydrobenzenesReactive intermediates of formula C6H4 derived from benzene by formally removing two hydrogen atoms, named as...
• DehydrogenaseAn enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate, an oxidation reaction. This type of...
• Delayed coincidenceA technique used in nuclear physics and analytical chemistry to measure very short time intervals between two...
• Delayed cokeA type of petroleum coke produced by the delayed coking process, characterized by its relatively high carbon...
• Delayed coking processA thermal cracking process used in petroleum refining to convert heavy residual oils into lighter products...
• Delayed effectA biological response to exposure to a chemical agent that manifests after a period of latency following the...
• Delayed extractionA method in time-of-flight mass spectrometry where ions are allowed to drift for a short period in a weak...
• Delayed fluorescenceLuminescence from the first excited singlet state with a lifetime far longer than that of prompt...
• Delayed luminescenceLuminescence that decays more slowly than the lifetime of the emitting state alone would predict, because...
• Delayed neutronsNeutrons that are emitted by the radioactive decay of certain fission products, rather than being released...
• Delayed onsetThe photon energy in an X-ray absorption spectrum at which absorption rises markedly when that energy lies...
• Delayed-neutron activation analysisA nuclear analytical technique that measures the concentration of certain elements by detecting the delayed...
• Delayed-release dosage formA pharmaceutical preparation designed to release its active drug substance at a time other than immediately...
• Delayed-type hypersensitivityA cell-mediated immune reaction that manifests 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an antigen, involving...
• Delayed-type hypersensitivity assayA laboratory or in vivo test used to assess cell-mediated immune responses, particularly those involving T...
• DeletionA type of mutation in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence where one or more nucleotide base pairs are...
• DeliquescenceThe property of certain solid substances to absorb moisture from the atmosphere to such an extent that they...
• DeliquescentDescribing a substance that absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to such an extent that it dissolves in the...
• DeliriumAn acute and fluctuating disturbance of consciousness characterized by inattention, disorganized thinking...
• DelocalizationThe spreading of electron density over multiple atoms or bonds within a molecule, rather than being confined...
• Delocalization energyThe additional stabilization energy gained by a molecule due to the delocalization of its electrons, compared...
• Delocalization of electronsThe phenomenon where electrons are not confined to a single atom or bond but are distributed over multiple...
• Delta layerA very thin, highly concentrated layer of dopant atoms embedded within a semiconductor material. This layer...
• DemasculinizedDescribing an organism, typically a male, that exhibits a reduction or loss of male-specific characteristics...
• DementiaA chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury, characterized by...
• DemisterA device designed to remove liquid droplets or mist that are entrained in a gas or vapor stream. It functions...
• Demographic stochasticityThe random fluctuations in population size and structure that arise from chance events in the survival and...
• DemographyThe statistical study of populations, focusing on their size, structure, and distribution, and how these...
• DemyelinationThe process of damage to or loss of the myelin sheath, the fatty insulating layer that surrounds nerve fibers...
• DenaturationThe process by which the characteristic three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule, such as a protein or...
• DendrimerA highly branched, three-dimensional macromolecule characterized by a central core from which successive...
• Dendrimer moleculeA highly branched, monodisperse macromolecule characterized by a central core from which successive layers of...
• DendriteA tree-like or fern-like crystalline growth pattern that forms during the solidification of a polymer from a...
• Dendritic block macromoleculeA macromolecule composed of at least two chemically distinct blocks, where at least one of these blocks...
• Dendritic cellAn antigen-presenting cell of the immune system, characterized by its tree-like morphology. These cells...
• Dendritic constitutional repeating unitA specific constitutional repeating unit that contains a branch point and contributes to the highly branched...
• Dendritic graft macromoleculeA macromolecule composed of a linear polymer backbone to which multiple dendrons are covalently attached as...
• Dendritic macromoleculeA highly branched polymer characterized by a regular, tree-like structure emanating from a central core or a...
• Dendritic polymerA polymer characterized by a highly branched, tree-like molecular architecture, often emanating from a...
• DendrogramA tree-like diagram that illustrates the hierarchical relationships between a set of objects or clusters. In...
• DendronA wedge-shaped, highly branched oligomer or polymer segment that possesses a single focal point and multiple...
• Dendron directionFor a constitutional repeating unit inside a dendron, the direction running from the dendron's single free...
• DenitrificationA microbial process in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to gaseous nitrogen compounds, such as dinitrogen (N2)...
• DensificationA process that increases the density of a material by reducing its porosity. This can involve the removal of...
• DensityA physical property of matter, defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume. It quantifies how...
• Density dependenceA regulatory mechanism in population ecology where the rate of population growth or decline is influenced by...
• Density functional theoryA computational quantum mechanical modeling method employed to investigate the electronic structure of...
• Density inversionA condition in a liquid-liquid extraction system where the relative densities of the two immiscible phases...
• Density of statesThe number of available electronic or vibrational states per unit interval of energy at a given energy level...
• Dental fluorosisA cosmetic condition characterized by changes in the appearance of tooth enamel, ranging from faint white...
• Dentate gyrusA part of the hippocampus in the brain, characterized by its tightly packed granule cells. This region is...
• DenticityThe number of donor atoms in a single ligand that are simultaneously bonded to a central atom in a...
• DenuderA device used in analytical chemistry to selectively remove gaseous analytes from an air stream while...
• Denuder systemAn analytical sampling device used to separate gaseous atmospheric components from particulate matter. It...
• DeodorizerA substance or piece of equipment that removes or masks unpleasant odors from the air or a gas stream...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid cloningThe process of creating multiple identical copies of a specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. This is...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentationThe process by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules are broken into smaller pieces. This can occur...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation indexA quantitative measure reflecting the extent of breakage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands within a...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid integrity indexA metric that assesses the overall quality and intactness of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a sample. It...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid mismatchA defect in double-stranded DNA in which the helix contains one or more base pairs other than the standard...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid profilingA technique used to identify individuals or determine genetic relationships by analyzing unique patterns in...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid repairA collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid replicationThe biological process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its entire deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)...
• Deoxyribonucleic acid sequencingThe process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule...
• Deoxyribonucleic acidsA class of macromolecules that carries the hereditary information for an organism's development and function...
• DeoxyriboseA monosaccharide sugar that forms the backbone of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through phosphodiester bonds...
• DependenceA state where an individual requires a substance or activity to function normally, experiencing withdrawal...
• DephasingThe loss of coherence among an ensemble of oscillating dipoles or spins, leading to a decay in the...
• DepilatoryA chemical agent or substance used to remove hair from the body by dissolving the protein structure of the...
• Depletion layerA region within a semiconductor material or at a semiconductor-electrolyte interface that is depleted of...
• DepolarizationA decrease in the absolute value of a cell's membrane potential, making the inside of the cell less negative...
• Depolarization of scattered lightThe change in the polarization state of light after it has been scattered by a medium, indicating the...
• Depolarization ratioThe ratio of the intensity of Raman scattered light polarized perpendicular to the incident polarization to...
• Depolarized Raman bandA band in a Raman spectrum whose intensity is largely independent of the polarization of the scattered light...
• DepolymeraseAn enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of a polymer into its constituent monomers or smaller oligomers. These...
• DepolymerizationA chemical process in which a polymer chain is broken down into its constituent monomer molecules or smaller...
• Deposit feederAn aquatic organism that obtains its nutrition by consuming organic matter, detritus, and microorganisms...
• DepositionThe process by which airborne substances, such as particles, gases, or aerosols, transfer from the atmosphere...
• Deposition velocityA conceptual velocity representing the rate at which airborne substances are removed from the atmosphere and...
• DepotA localized area in the body where a substance, such as a drug, is stored or accumulates after...
• DepressionA mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and a range of...
• DeprotectionThe chemical removal of a protecting group from a functional group within a molecule. This process restores...
• Deprotonated moleculeA molecule that has lost one or more protons (H+) from its structure, resulting in a negatively charged...
• DepsidesA class of natural products, primarily found in lichens, formed by the esterification of two or more phenolic...
• DepsipeptidesPeptide-like compounds that contain both amide and ester linkages within their backbone. These molecules are...
• Depth of focusThe distance along the optical axis over which a projected image remains in acceptable focus. In...
• Depth of penetrationThe distance into a material at which the intensity of incident radiation has decreased to a specific...
• Depth profileA plot or representation showing the concentration or distribution of one or more elements or chemical...
• Depth profilingAn analytical technique used to determine the elemental or chemical composition of a material as a function...
• Depth resolutionThe ability of a surface analysis technique to distinguish between two closely spaced layers or features at...
• Depth resolution parameterA quantitative measure of the sharpness of an interface observed in a depth profile, often expressed as the...
• DepurationThe process by which an organism eliminates a chemical substance from its body. This can occur through...
• Derivative potentiometric titrationA titration method where the change in potential with respect to the volume of titrant added is monitored...
• Derivative spectroscopyA technique in which the first or higher-order derivative of a spectral response is calculated with respect...
• Derivative techniqueA thermal analysis treatment in which the first derivative of a measured signal, taken against temperature or...
• Derived characteristicA predicted property of a chemical substance that depends on, or approximates, one of its fundamental...
• Derived coherent unitA unit of measurement formed by combining base units according to the algebraic relations linking the...
• Derived kind of quantityA type of quantity that is defined in terms of base kinds of quantities through algebraic equations. These...
• Derived non-coherent unitA unit of measurement that is formed by combining base units but includes numerical factors other than one...
• Derived quantityA quantity that is defined in terms of base quantities through a system of equations. These quantities are...
• Derived unitA unit of measurement that is formed by combining base units through multiplication or division. These units...
• DermalRelating to the skin, particularly as a route of exposure to a chemical substance. Dermal exposure involves...
• Dermal irritationA localized inflammatory response of the skin to direct contact with a chemical substance, characterized by...
• DermatitisAn inflammation of the skin characterized by symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and the formation...
• DermatomyositisAn inflammatory disease that causes a characteristic skin rash and progressive muscle weakness, particularly...
• DermisThe layer of skin located beneath the epidermis, composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue. It...
• Descending elution/developmentA chromatographic technique where the mobile phase flows downwards through the stationary phase, driven by...
• Descriptive epidemiologyThe branch of epidemiology that focuses on characterizing the distribution of health-related states or events...
• DescriptorA numerical value or set of values that quantifies a specific property or characteristic of a chemical...
• DesensitizationA reduction in the responsiveness of a biological system to a continuous or repeated stimulus. This can occur...
• DesiccantA hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness in its local vicinity by absorbing water...
• Design matrixA matrix used in experimental design and chemometrics, where each row represents an experimental run and each...
• Design of experimentA systematic approach for planning and conducting experiments to efficiently collect data and draw valid...
• Designed multiple ligandsChemical compounds engineered to interact with more than one molecular target simultaneously, often with the...
• DesolvationThe removal of solvent molecules from a solvated species, such as an ion or a macromolecule, to produce a...
• DesorptionThe physical process where a substance is released from or through a surface, representing the reverse of...
• Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometryA mass spectrometry technique that combines desorption ionization with atmospheric pressure chemical...
• Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometryA mass spectrometry technique where analytes are desorbed from a surface and subsequently ionized by...
• Desorption by displacementThe removal of an adsorbed substance from a surface by the competitive adsorption of a second substance from...
• Desorption chemical ionizationA mass spectrometry ionization technique where the sample is introduced directly into the chemical ionization...
• Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometryAn ambient ionization method for mass spectrometry where a charged solvent spray is directed onto a sample...
• Desorption ionizationA class of ionization methods in which gas-phase ions are formed directly at the surface of a solid or liquid...
• Desorption ionization on siliconA soft ionization technique in mass spectrometry that uses a porous silicon surface to facilitate the...
• DesquamationThe shedding of the outermost layer of a tissue, such as the stratum corneum of the epidermis or the surface...
• DesulfurizationA chemical process aimed at removing sulfur compounds from fuels, industrial gases, or other materials. This...
• DesymmetrizationA chemical transformation that converts a achiral molecule or a symmetrical chiral molecule into a chiral...
• Desymmetrization stepA change that removes the fewest possible symmetry elements from a molecule, for example by modifying one of...
• DesynapsisThe premature separation of homologous chromosomes after they have successfully paired during the pachytene...
• Detailed balancingA principle stating that at equilibrium, the rate of every elementary process is equal to the rate of its...
• Detection efficiencyThe probability that a nuclear particle or photon emitted by a radioactive source will produce a detectable...
• Detection limitThe smallest quantity or concentration of an analyte that produces an analytical signal distinguishable from...
• DetectorA device in an analytical instrument that responds to a physical or chemical change and converts it into a...
• Detector gate widthThe specific time interval during which a detector is active and able to acquire a signal. In time-resolved...
• DetergencyThe property of surfactant solutions that lets them remove foreign matter, such as soil from fabric or skin...
• DetergentA surface-active agent that, when dissolved in water, significantly reduces the surface tension of the water...
• DeteriorationA deleterious change in the physical properties of a polymer, resulting from external factors such as heat...
• DeterminationThe analytical operation or set of operations performed to ascertain the value of a specific property or the...
• DeterministicDescribing a system or process where the future state is entirely determined by its current state and known...
• Deterministic analysisA type of analysis where all input parameters are treated as fixed values, leading to a single, predictable...
• Deterministic effectA health effect for which a threshold dose or concentration exists, below which the effect does not occur...
• Deterministic modelA mathematical model in which the output is entirely determined by the input parameters and the model's...
• DetoxificationThe metabolic process by which a toxic substance is converted into a less toxic or more readily excretable...
• DetrimentThe overall harm or damage caused to an individual or a population due to exposure to a hazardous agent or...
• DetritusNon-living particulate organic material, such as the remains of dead organisms and fecal matter, suspended or...
• DetrivorousDescribing an organism that feeds on detritus, which is non-living organic matter. These organisms, known as...
• DeuteriationThe process of replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in a molecule with deuterium atoms, which are isotopes of...
• DeuteriumAn isotope of hydrogen, often symbolized as D or 2H, containing one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. It...
• DeuteronThe nucleus of a deuterium atom, which is an isotope of hydrogen. It consists of one proton and one neutron...
• Developed imageThe patterned structure formed in a photoresist layer after exposure to radiation and subsequent chemical...
• DevelopmentThe process in photolithography where exposed or unexposed regions of a photoresist layer are selectively...
• Developmental anomalyA structural or functional deviation from the normal pattern of development that arises during gestation or...
• Developmental biologyThe scientific discipline focused on understanding the processes by which organisms grow and develop from a...
• Developmental neurotoxicityAdverse changes in the structure or function of the nervous system resulting from exposure to chemical or...
• Developmental neurotoxicity studyA specialized toxicological investigation designed to assess the potential for a substance to cause adverse...
• Developmental neurotoxicity testingA battery of experimental procedures designed to identify and characterize adverse effects on the developing...
• Developmental reference doseA reference dose derived for developmental effects, estimating the level of a single maternal exposure during...
• Developmental stabilityThe ability of an organism to produce a consistent phenotype despite genetic and environmental perturbations...
• Developmental susceptibility geneA gene whose product is required for normal development, and for which certain alleles or variants increase...
• Developmental toxicityAny adverse effect on the developing organism that results from exposure to a chemical or physical agent...
• Developmental toxicologyThe scientific discipline that studies the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on the...
• Developmental variationA deviation from the typical morphological or functional development that falls within the normal range of...
• DeviationThe difference between an individual measurement or observation and a reference value, such as the mean of a...
• DevitrificationThe change of a polymer glass into a polymer melt, the reverse of vitrification. It is usually brought about...
• DevolatilizerAn additive that lowers the volatilization of a whole sample or of one of its components, so that the analyte...
• Dew pointThe temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor, leading to condensation and the formation of...
• Dew point hygrometerAn instrument designed to measure the dew point temperature of a gas, thereby determining its absolute...
• Dexter excitation transferA mechanism of electronic excitation energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor molecule that requires...
• DextransBranched polysaccharides of D-glucose produced by bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides from sucrose, in...
• DextrinsPoly-alpha-D-glucosides of intermediate chain length obtained by partial hydrolysis of starch with amylases...
• DextrocardiaA congenital condition in which the heart is situated on the right side of the chest, rather than the typical...
• DextropositionDisplacement of an organ toward the right side of the body, as when the heart is pushed into the right chest...
• Diabatic couplingThe interaction between two or more electronic states that leads to transitions between them, particularly...
• Diabatic electron transferAn electron transfer process where the electronic state of the system changes during the reaction, meaning...
• Diabatic photoreactionA photochemical reaction where the electronic state of the molecule changes during the course of the...
• Diabetes mellitus type 1A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the...
• DiacylaminesOrganic compounds containing two acyl groups attached to a single nitrogen atom. These structures are...
• Diagnostic ionA characteristic ion observed in a mass spectrum that provides specific information about the structure or...
• Diagram levelAn atomic energy level in X-ray and electron spectroscopy that corresponds to a single vacancy created by...
• DialysateThe liquid phase that collects on the side of a semipermeable membrane opposite to the solution undergoing...
• DialysisA separation technique that uses a semipermeable membrane to separate molecules based on their size. Small...
• DiamagneticThe property of a substance with negative magnetic susceptibility, which is therefore weakly repelled by a...
• DiamididesCompounds of the type RC(=NR)-NR-C(=NR)R, built like open-chain carboxylic acid anhydrides but with nitrogen...
• DiamondAn allotrope of carbon characterized by a crystal structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to...
• Diamond by CVDDiamond material synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. In this process...
• Diamond-like carbon filmsAmorphous carbon films that possess some of the desirable properties of diamond, such as high hardness, low...
• DianionsMolecular entities that carry two negative elementary charges. These species result from the gain of two...
• DiapedesisThe process by which leukocytes (white blood cells) exit blood vessels and migrate into surrounding tissues...
• DiaphoreticDescribing a substance or agent that induces or increases perspiration. These agents act on the sweat glands...
• DiaphragmThe domed sheet of muscle and tendon below the lungs that divides the chest from the abdomen in mammals. When...
• Diarrheal shellfish poisoningA gastrointestinal illness caused by consuming shellfish contaminated with toxins produced by certain marine...
• Diastereoisomer excessA measure of the purity of a substance containing two diastereoisomers, expressed as the absolute difference...
• Diastereoisomeric unitsConstitutional units within a polymer chain that are stereoisomers of each other but are not mirror images...
• DiastereoisomerismStereoisomerism other than enantiomerism, in which the stereoisomers are not mirror images of each other...
• DiastereoisomerizationThe conversion of a chemical substance into one of its diastereoisomers. This process involves changing the...
• Diastereomeric ratioThe ratio of the amounts of two diastereoisomers in a mixture, expressed as a quotient of the larger quantity...
• DiastereomorphismThe relationship between two objects or models that parallels the relationship between diastereoisomeric...
• DiastereotopicDescribing two identical groups or faces in a molecule that, if replaced or reacted, would lead to...
• DiathesisA constitutional predisposition or inherent tendency to a particular disease or condition. This underlying...
• DiatomA single-celled alga characterized by a cell wall composed of hydrated amorphous silica, forming intricate...
• Diazenyl radicalsRadicals of the structure RN=N•, formally derived by removing a hydrogen atom from a diazene, RN=NH, with the...
• Diazo compoundsOrganic compounds in which a carbon atom is doubly bonded to the first nitrogen of the diazo group, written...
• Diazoamino compoundsOrganic compounds containing the diazoamino functional group, which consists of three nitrogen atoms in a...
• DiazoatesAnions with the general formula RN=NO⁻, which are the conjugate bases of diazohydroxides (RN=NOH). They exist...
• Diazonium saltsOrganic compounds containing the diazonium functional group, which consists of a nitrogen-nitrogen triple...
• DiazooxidesDiazocyclohexadienones, also called diazophenols, made by diazotizing a primary aromatic amine that carries a...
• Dichotomous samplerAn air sampling device that separates airborne particulate matter into two distinct size fractions, typically...
• Dichroic mirrorAn optical filter that selectively reflects certain wavelengths of light while transmitting others. This...
• DichroismThe property of a substance where it exhibits differential absorption of light depending on the polarization...
• Dielectric barrier discharge ionizationAn ambient ionization method for mass spectrometry that uses a plasma generated between two electrodes...
• Dielectric materialA substance that is an electrical insulator and can be polarized by an applied electric field, storing...
• Dielectric polarizationThe electric dipole moment per unit volume induced in a dielectric by an applied electric field, arising from...
• Dielectric thermal analysisA thermal analysis technique that measures the dielectric properties of a substance as a function of...
• DielectrometryAn electrochemical method that measures the dielectric properties of a material, such as its dielectric...
• DiencephalonThe posterior part of the prosencephalon (forebrain) that connects the midbrain with the telencephalon. It is...
• DienesUnsaturated hydrocarbons that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds. They are classified based on the...
• DienophileA chemical component, typically an alkene or alkyne substituted with electron-withdrawing groups, that...
• DiethylstilbestrolA synthetic non-steroidal estrogen that was formerly prescribed to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage and...
• Difference absorption spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that measures the difference in absorbance between two samples or between a sample...
• Difference gel electrophoresisA technique used to compare protein samples by labeling them with different fluorescent dyes before combining...
• Difference spectroscopyA general spectroscopic method where the spectrum of one sample is subtracted from the spectrum of another...
• Difference transitionA combination transition that does not start from the ground vibrational state, in which at least one...
• DifferentialA laboratory blood test that measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell present in a blood...
• Differential capacitanceThe derivative of the electric charge on an electrode with respect to the electrode potential, at a constant...
• Differential contactorAn apparatus designed for continuous countercurrent extraction processes, where two immiscible liquid phases...
• Differential detectorA type of detector in chromatography that measures a property of the column effluent relative to a reference...
• Differential diffusion coefficientA measure of the rate at which a substance diffuses through a medium under a concentration gradient, where...
• Differential molar energy of adsorptionThe change in internal energy when one mole of adsorbate is transferred from the gas phase to an adsorbent...
• Differential pulse voltammetryAn electrochemical analysis technique where fixed-magnitude voltage pulses are superimposed on a linearly...
• Differential scanning calorimeterAn instrument that measures the heat flow difference between a sample and a reference material as both are...
• Differential scanning calorimetryA thermoanalytical technique that measures the heat flux difference between a sample and an inert reference...
• Differential spectrumA spectrum obtained by mathematically differentiating a direct spectrum with respect to a variable such as...
• Differential splicingA molecular process where a single gene can give rise to multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and...
• Differential techniqueA method in thermal analysis where the difference in a property between a sample and a reference material is...
• Differential thermal analyserAn instrument that measures the temperature difference between a sample and an inert reference material as...
• Differential thermal analysisA thermoanalytical technique that measures the temperature difference between a sample and an inert reference...
• Differential viscosityThe ratio of the differential shear stress to the differential shear rate for a non-Newtonian fluid. It...
• DifferentiationThe process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type, acquiring specific...
• Differentiation antigenA cell surface molecule whose expression is restricted to specific cell lineages or stages of cell...
• DiffractionThe phenomenon where waves, such as light, X-rays, or electrons, bend and spread out as they pass through an...
• Diffraction analysisA technique that examines the diffraction patterns produced when waves interact with a material to determine...
• Diffuse layerA region of mobile ions in an electrolyte solution adjacent to a charged surface, where the concentration of...
• Diffuse reflectanceThe reflection of electromagnetic radiation from a rough surface such that the reflected rays are scattered...
• Diffuse reflectionThe scattering of electromagnetic radiation from a surface in multiple directions, rather than a single...
• Diffuse reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopyAn infrared spectroscopic technique that combines diffuse reflection and absorption phenomena to analyze...
• Diffuse sourceA source of pollution that originates from a broad area rather than a single, identifiable point. Examples...
• Diffuse transmissionThe passage of electromagnetic radiation through a material where the light is scattered in multiple...
• Diffused junction semiconductor detectorA type of semiconductor radiation detector created by diffusing dopant impurities into a semiconductor...
• DiffuserA device with a porous barrier, such as a fritted glass plate, used to break a gas stream into fine bubbles...
• DiffusionThe net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven...
• Diffusion barrierA layer or membrane that controls the rate at which a substance, such as a drug, moves from a region of...
• Diffusion batteryAn instrument used to measure the size distribution of submicrometer aerosol particles. It consists of a...
• Diffusion coefficientA proportionality constant that relates the molar flux of a substance to its concentration gradient, as...
• Diffusion currentThe component of electric current in an electrochemical cell that arises from the net movement of...
• Diffusion current constantAn empirical quantity in polarography equal to the limiting diffusion current divided by the product of the...
• Diffusion layerA thin region adjacent to an electrode surface or other interface where the concentration of reacting species...
• Diffusion layer thicknessThe effective distance from an electrode surface over which the concentration of an electroactive species...
• Diffusion potentialA potential difference that arises across a junction between two electrolyte solutions or between two parts...
• Diffusional transitionA phase transformation in a solid material that involves the movement of atoms or molecules over relatively...
• Diffusion-controlled terminationA mechanism in polymerization where the rate of termination is limited by the diffusion of reactive species...
• Diffusionless transitionA phase transition in a solid that occurs without long-range atomic migration or any change in chemical...
• DiGeorge syndromeA congenital disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 22, leading to defective development of several...
• DigestionA sample preparation process involving the chemical breakdown of a solid or complex matrix into a soluble...
• Digit span testA neuropsychological test used to assess verbal short-term memory and working memory capacity. Participants...
• Digit symbol substitution testA neuropsychological test that assesses cognitive functions such as processing speed, attention, and working...
• Dihedral angleThe angle formed between two intersecting planes, used in chemistry to describe the conformation of a...
• Diisotactic polymerA polymer in which each monomeric unit contains two chiral centers, and the configuration of both centers is...
• DilatancyAn increase in volume of a material as it is sheared, which usually accompanies shear thickening, the rise in...
• Dilational transitionA phase transition in which a crystal expands or contracts along one or more crystallographic axes while...
• DilatometerAn instrument used to measure changes in the volume of a material as a function of temperature or pressure...
• DilatometryA technique for measuring the change in volume of a substance as a function of temperature, pressure, or...
• DiluentA solvent or mixture of solvents used to reduce the concentration of a solute in a solution or to decrease...
• Diluent gasAn inert gas added to a sample or reaction mixture to reduce the concentration of the active components...
• Dilute limitThe condition in secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) where the concentration of the species of interest is...
• Dilute solutionA solution containing a relatively small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of solvent. In such...
• DiluterAn automated or mechanized device designed to accurately reduce the concentration of a sample or reagent by...
• Dilution paradigmThe belief that pollution is rendered harmless by dilution, so that releasing a contaminant into a large...
• Dilution rateThe rate at which fresh medium is added to a continuous culture system, such as a chemostat, relative to the...
• Dilution waterWater used to reduce the concentration of a test substance or effluent in ecotoxicological assays. This water...
• DimensionA property of a physical quantity that expresses its fundamental nature, independent of the units used for...
• Dimensionless Henry’s law solubility constantA ratio that expresses the solubility of a gas in a liquid, defined as the equilibrium concentration of the...
• Dimensionless Henry’s law volatility constantA ratio that quantifies the volatility of a solute between a gas phase and a liquid phase, defined as the...
• Dimensionless quantitiesPhysical quantities that are expressed as pure numbers, without any associated physical units. These...
• Dimeric ionAn ion made of two molecular units, formed either when a species that exists as a dimer in the vapor is...
• DimerizationA chemical process in which two identical molecular entities combine to form a single, larger molecular...
• Dimroth-Reichardt ET parameterAn empirical parameter used to quantify the polarity of solvents, based on the solvatochromic shift of a...
• Diode laserA semiconductor device that emits coherent light through stimulated emission, similar to a light-emitting...
• DiolsOrganic compounds that contain two hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to different carbon atoms within...
• d-ionAn N-terminal fragment ion of a protonated peptide, formed in high-energy collision-induced dissociation...
• DiosphenolsCyclic alpha-diketones that exist predominantly in the enol form, so that the enolic hydroxyl sits on the...
• DioxinA common name for a group of toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative chlorinated organic compounds...
• DiploidDescribing a cell or organism that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each...
• DiplopiaThe perception of a single object as two separate images, also known as double vision. This visual...
• Di-π-methane rearrangementA photochemical reaction involving a 1,4-diene or a related system with a central sp3-hybridized carbon atom...
• Dipolar aprotic solventA solvent that possesses a large dipole moment but lacks acidic protons capable of hydrogen bonding. These...
• Dipolar bondA covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair originate from the same atom, resulting in formal...
• Dipolar compoundsNeutral molecules whose principal Lewis or resonance structures show one atom bearing a positive and another...
• Dipolar couplingA direct through-space magnetic interaction between two nuclear spins that arises from their magnetic moments...
• Dipolar mechanismA process of energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor molecule that occurs through long-range...
• Dipole couplingThe interaction between two oscillating dipoles, where the energy of one dipole influences the other. This...
• Dipole lengthA derived quantity representing the separation distance between two opposite elementary charges that would...
• Dipole-dipole interactionAn electrostatic interaction between two permanent electric dipoles, either between molecules or between...
• Dip-pen nanolithographyA scanning probe lithography technique that uses an atomic force microscope tip as a "pen" to deliver...
• Di-π-silane rearrangementA photochemical rearrangement analogous to the di-π-methane rearrangement, in which silicon replaces the...
• DipyrrinsCompounds built from a pair of pyrrole rings bridged by one methine carbon, the dipyrromethene skeleton. As...
• DiradicaloidA closed-shell molecule that possesses a low-lying triplet state, exhibiting partial diradical character in...
• DiradicalsMolecular species possessing two unpaired electrons, where the two radical centers are sufficiently separated...
• Direct amplificationA type of amplification reaction in which the analyte is itself multiplied and the multiplied analyte is what...
• Direct analysis in real timeAn ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry that allows for the direct analysis of samples in their...
• Direct bandgap semiconductorA semiconductor material in which the minimum energy of the conduction band and the maximum energy of the...
• Direct coulometry at controlled currentA coulometric method where the total quantity of electricity passed through an electrochemical cell is...
• Direct coulometry at controlled potentialA coulometric method where the potential of the working electrode is held constant, allowing for the...
• Direct currentAn electric current that flows in only one direction, with a magnitude that is either constant or varies...
• Direct current glow discharge optical emission spectroscopyAn atomic emission spectroscopic technique that uses a direct current glow discharge to atomize and excite...
• Direct ecological effectAn immediate and observable change in an organism or population resulting from direct exposure to a chemical...
• Direct exposure probeA modification of the direct insertion probe in which an involatile sample on the probe tip, often a heated...
• Direct fission yieldThe fraction of a specific nuclide formed directly as a primary product of nuclear fission, before any...
• Direct infusionA method of introducing a liquid sample into a mass spectrometer without prior chromatographic separation...
• Direct insertion probeA device used in mass spectrometry to introduce solid or liquid samples directly into the ion source region...
• Direct isotope dilution analysisA quantitative analytical technique where a known amount of an isotopically enriched standard of the analyte...
• Direct liquid introductionA technique for interfacing a liquid chromatograph with a mass spectrometer, where the entire liquid effluent...
• Direct reactionA chemical reaction where the reactants interact and form products without forming a long-lived intermediate...
• Direct recoil spectroscopyA surface analysis technique that uses a beam of energetic primary ions to bombard a sample surface, causing...
• Direct spectrumA spectrum obtained directly from the interaction of an excitation source with a sample, without any...
• Direct titrationA volumetric analytical procedure where a titrant of known concentration is added directly to a solution...
• Direct toxicityThe adverse effects on an organism that arise from its direct exposure to a toxic substance, without any...
• Direct transfer gas flow systemA system in atomic spectrometry where the analyte, after being converted into a gaseous species, is...
• Directed self-assemblyA process where block copolymers or other self-assembling materials are guided by an external template to...
• Direct-injection burnerA type of burner used in atomic absorption or emission spectrometry where the sample solution is nebulized...
• Direct-injection enthalpimetryA thermometric analytical technique where a reagent is rapidly injected into a sample solution, and the...
• Directional asymmetryA pattern in a population in which one side of a bilaterally symmetrical trait is consistently larger than...
• Directional chainA polymer chain in which the two ends are chemically distinct, meaning they cannot be interchanged by any...
• Directional stemThe stem of a directional chain, that is, the straight crystalline segment of a chain whose two possible...
• Directly-ionizing radiationRadiation consisting of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, alpha particles, or heavy ions, that...
• DirectorA unit vector that describes the average orientation of the long axes of molecules in an anisotropic fluid...
• Direct-write lithographyA lithographic process that creates patterns directly on a substrate without the use of a physical mask. This...
• DisaccharidesCarbohydrates formed when two monosaccharide units are joined together by a glycosidic bond, with the...
• Disappearance cross sectionThe effective area per incident primary ion in static secondary ion mass spectrometry within which a surface...
• DischargeA release of effluent or other waste that enters a river, lake, sea or the air at one identifiable location...
• Discharge standardA legally enforceable limit on the quantity or concentration of a specific pollutant permitted in an effluent...
• Discomfort thresholdThe minimum concentration of an airborne substance that causes a sensation of discomfort in a specified...
• Discontinuous analyserAn analytical instrument that performs measurements on discrete samples rather than continuously monitoring a...
• Discontinuous indicationAn analyser reading that relates to the sample concentration only during separated intervals of time, so the...
• Discontinuous measuring cellA component within an analytical instrument designed to hold a discrete sample for measurement. The sample is...
• Discontinuous precipitationA solid-state phase transformation where a new phase precipitates from a supersaturated solid solution at a...
• Discontinuous simultaneous techniquesThe application of two coupled techniques to the same sample in which the second technique samples the first...
• DiscordanceA difference in a trait between two related or matched individuals, such as the members of a twin pair of...
• DiscoticDescribing molecules that possess a flat, disc-like shape, often with a rigid core and flexible peripheral...
• Discotic mesogenA molecule with a flat, disk-like core, often composed of an aromatic system, surrounded by flexible...
• Discrete dynode particle multiplierA type of detector used in mass spectrometry and other applications to amplify a small current of charged...
• Discriminant analysisA statistical technique used to classify observations into predefined groups based on a set of predictor...
• Discrimination ratioA quantitative measure of the relative difference in the uptake or processing of two different isotopes or...
• DiscriminatorAn electronic circuit that produces an output signal only when the input signal exceeds a predetermined...
• DiseaseAn impairment of the normal state of a living organism that interrupts or modifies the performance of its...
• DisintegrationThe breakup of a material into particles below a defined size, a limit usually set by sieving, without...
• Disintegration energyThe total energy released during a specific nuclear decay process, equivalent to the net decrease in rest...
• Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 33A transmembrane protein that belongs to the ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) family, characterized...
• Disjoining pressureA force per unit area acting perpendicular to the surfaces of a thin liquid film, arising from intermolecular...
• Disjoint principal component analysisA classification approach in which principal component analysis is carried out separately on the samples of...
• DislocationA type of linear crystallographic defect within a polymer material, representing an irregularity in the...
• DisorientationA state of confusion regarding one's surroundings, identity, or the passage of time. This condition can...
• DispenserA device used in automated or mechanized analysis to deliver a predetermined volume or mass of a fluid, such...
• DispersantA chemical agent used to break up aggregates of particles or droplets into a fine suspension, preventing them...
• Disperse systemA heterogeneous system consisting of one phase finely distributed as particles or droplets throughout another...
• Dispersed phaseThe phase in a non-uniform system consisting of finely divided particles, droplets, or domains distributed...
• Dispersed-phase concentrationThe amount concentration of a species, such as monomer or initiator, within the dispersed phase of a...
• Dispersing solventA solvent used in liquid-liquid microextraction techniques to facilitate the rapid dispersion of a small...
• DispersionThe separation of electromagnetic radiation into its constituent wavelengths or frequencies. This phenomenon...
• Dispersion mediumThe continuous phase in a dispersed system, within which particles or droplets of another substance are...
• Dispersion of a sampleThe preparation of a liquid or solid sample, or a portion of it, in a finely divided state such as an aerosol...
• Dispersion planeThe plane that contains the source, the detector, the incident X-ray beam and the specularly reflected beam...
• Dispersion polyadditionA polymerization process where monomers react via an addition mechanism in a dispersed system, forming...
• Dispersion polycondensationA polymerization process where monomers react via a condensation mechanism in a dispersed system, forming...
• Dispersion polymerisationA polymerization process conducted in a liquid medium where the monomer is soluble, but the resulting polymer...
• DispersityA measure of the breadth of the distribution of molar masses in a polymer sample. It is defined as the ratio...
• Dispersive Fourier-transform spectroscopyA form of Fourier-transform spectroscopy in which the sample is placed in one arm of a Michelson or other...
• Dispersive liquid-liquid microextractionA microextraction technique where a small volume of extraction solvent, along with a dispersing solvent, is...
• Dispersive spectrometerAn instrument that spreads polychromatic light into its component wavelengths with a prism or a diffraction...
• Dispersive transportA type of charge carrier transport in disordered materials, such as amorphous polymers, where the mobility of...
• Displacement chromatographyA chromatographic technique where the sample components are separated by a displacer compound that has a...
• Displacive transitionA type of diffusionless phase transition in a solid characterized by small, cooperative displacements of...

730 of 13,676 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.