Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: K (103)

• κA symbol used in coordination chemistry to denote the hapticity of a ligand, specifically indicating the...
• Kainic acidA potent neuroexcitatory amino acid isolated from the red algae Digenea simplex, structurally related to...
• KairomoneA semiochemical emitted by one organism that benefits the receiver but is detrimental to the emitter. These...
• KallikreinA type of serine protease that cleaves kininogens to release kinins, such as bradykinin, which are potent...
• Kamlet-Taft solvent parametersA set of empirical scales used to quantify the solvatochromic properties of solvents, based on their ability...
• Kamofsky’s lawThe principle stating that any chemical agent can be shown to be teratogenic, or capable of causing birth...
• Kaposi sarcomaA cancer that causes lesions to grow in the skin, lymph nodes, internal organs, and mucous membranes lining...
• Kappa shape descriptorA topological index used in cheminformatics to quantify molecular shape and branching. It is derived from the...
• Kappa-light chainOne of two types of polypeptide chains that form the light chain component of an antibody molecule, the other...
• Kaptein-Closs rulesA set of empirical rules that predict the sign and magnitude of chemically induced dynamic nuclear...
• KaryolysisThe complete dissolution of the chromatin in a dying cell nucleus, leading to the disappearance of the...
• KaryorrhexisThe fragmentation of the nucleus of a dying cell, characterized by the irregular condensation and breakdown...
• KaryotypeThe complete set of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell, arranged by size, shape, and number. It is typically...
• Kasha ruleA principle stating that luminescence (fluorescence or phosphorescence) typically occurs from the lowest...
• Kasha-Vavilov ruleA generalization stating that the quantum yield of luminescence from a given excited electronic state is...
• KatalThe SI unit of catalytic activity, defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one mole...
• Kauzmann temperatureThe theoretical temperature at which the configurational entropy of a supercooled liquid extrapolates to that...
• Kekulé structureA representation of a molecule that depicts the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of single and...
• KelvinThe SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann...
• KeratinA family of fibrous structural proteins that are the main component of hair, nails, skin, and the outer layer...
• KeratinizationThe process by which epithelial cells, particularly in the skin, produce and accumulate keratin, a fibrous...
• KeratinocyteThe predominant cell type forming the epidermis, the skin's outermost layer. These cells originate in the...
• Kernel methodA class of algorithms in machine learning that transforms data into a higher-dimensional feature space...
• KetalsOrganic compounds derived from ketones by the reaction with two equivalents of an alcohol, forming a geminal...
• KetazinesOrganic compounds containing the C=N-N=C functional group, formed by the condensation reaction of two ketone...
• KetenesOrganic compounds characterized by the functional group R2C=C=O, featuring a carbon-carbon double bond...
• KeteniminesA class of organic compounds containing the functional group R¹R²C=C=NR³, characterized by a cumulative...
• KetiminesOrganic compounds that are imines derived from ketones, having the general structure R2C=NR'. They contain a...
• Keto carbenesHighly reactive neutral organic intermediates containing a divalent carbon atom directly bonded to a carbonyl...
• KetoacidosisA metabolic state characterized by high concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood, leading to a decrease...
• Ketoaldonic acidsMonosaccharides that contain both a keto group and an aldehyde group, in addition to hydroxyl groups. These...
• KetoaldosesMonosaccharides that possess both a ketone functional group and an aldehyde functional group within the same...
• Keto-enol tautomerizationA chemical equilibrium between two isomeric forms of a compound, a keto form and an enol form, that differ in...
• Ketone bodyOrganic compounds produced in the liver from fatty acids during periods of low carbohydrate intake, prolonged...
• KetonesOrganic compounds containing a carbonyl functional group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The...
• KetosesA class of monosaccharides characterized by the presence of a ketone functional group. In their open-chain...
• KetosisA metabolic state characterized by an elevated concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and urine...
• KetoximesOrganic compounds formed by the condensation reaction of a ketone with hydroxylamine, resulting in a C=N-OH...
• Keystone speciesAn organism that significantly influences the structure and function of an ecosystem, often to a degree...
• Χ-parameterA dimensionless interaction parameter in polymer solution theory, such as the Flory-Huggins theory, that...
• Killer activatory receptorA cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells that, upon binding to its ligand, triggers an...
• Killer cellA type of lymphocyte, primarily natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), that can...
• Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptorA family of transmembrane receptors expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells, which regulate...
• Killer lectin-like receptorA type of cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and other immune cells, characterized...
• KiloA decimal prefix in the International System of Units (SI) that represents a factor of 10^3, or one thousand...
• KinaseAn enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy phosphate-donating molecule...
• KindlingA phenomenon in neurobiology where repeated exposure to a subconvulsive stimulus progressively lowers the...
• Kind-of-nominal-propertyA classification of a nominal property based on its inherent nature or the type of entity it describes...
• Kind-of-propertyThe abstract description of a measurable property, independent of the system or component to which it...
• Kind-of-quantityA property of a phenomenon, body, or substance that can be expressed quantitatively by a number and a...
• Kinematic factorA dimensionless quantity in Rutherford backscattering spectrometry that describes the ratio of the energy of...
• Kinematic viscosityA measure of a fluid's resistance to flow under the influence of gravity, representing the ratio of its...
• KinematicsThe branch of mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies, and systems of bodies without...
• Kinetic activity factorA correction factor applied in transition-state theory to account for the non-ideal behavior of reactants in...
• Kinetic assayAn analytical method that measures the rate of change of a reaction component over time, rather than the...
• Kinetic controlA reaction pathway where the product distribution is determined by the relative rates of formation of...
• Kinetic couplingThe interaction between different vibrational modes in a molecule that arises from the kinetic energy terms...
• Kinetic currentA faradaic current in an electrochemical system that is limited by the rate of a chemical reaction preceding...
• Kinetic electrolyte effectThe influence of inert electrolytes on the rate of a chemical reaction in solution. This effect arises from...
• Kinetic energyThe energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object...
• Kinetic energy releaseThe amount of internal energy converted into translational kinetic energy during the dissociation of an ion...
• Kinetic energy release distributionA statistical distribution describing the range of kinetic energies released during the unimolecular...
• Kinetic equivalenceA condition where two or more distinct chemical species or reaction pathways exhibit identical kinetic...
• Kinetic isotope effectThe change in the rate of a chemical reaction when an atom in the reactant is replaced by one of its...
• Kinetic methodAn analytical technique that quantifies a substance by measuring the rate of a chemical reaction in which it...
• Kinetic resolutionA process in which a racemic mixture of enantiomers is separated by exploiting differences in their reaction...
• Kinetic shiftThe difference between the appearance energy of an ion and its thermochemical threshold for dissociation...
• Kinetic solubilityThe maximum concentration of a compound that dissolves in an aqueous solution when added from a concentrated...
• Kinetic-chain lengthThe average number of monomer units that react with a single initiating radical during a chain polymerization...
• KineticsThe study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions or physical processes. This field investigates...
• Kingdon trapAn electrostatic ion trap consisting of a thin central wire anode and a coaxial cylindrical cathode, which...
• KininA group of structurally related polypeptides, such as bradykinin and kallidin, that are formed in body...
• Kirkwood-Riseman theoryA theoretical framework used to describe the hydrodynamic properties of polymer chains in solution...
• Klado-A prefix used in inorganic nomenclature to describe a cluster compound that has a branched or open-chain...
• Klinefelter syndromeA genetic condition in males characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome, resulting in a 47, XXY...
• k-means clusteringAn unsupervised classification algorithm that partitions a dataset into k distinct clusters, where k is a...
• k-nearest neighbourA non-parametric classification or regression method used in chemometrics to predict the class or value of a...
• Knight shiftA shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of a nucleus in a metal or semiconductor, relative to its...
• Knock-downA technique used in molecular biology to reduce the expression of a specific gene or the amount of its...
• Knock-inA genetic engineering technique where a specific DNA sequence is inserted into a particular locus in the...
• Knock-outA genetic manipulation technique that inactivates or deletes a specific gene in an organism, resulting in the...
• KnockoutAn organism in which a specific gene has been inactivated or deleted from its genome through genetic...
• Knockout mouseA genetically engineered mouse in which a specific gene has been inactivated or deleted from its genome. This...
• Knockout mutationA genetic alteration that results in the complete inactivation or deletion of a specific gene, preventing the...
• Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equationAn empirical equation used to describe the non-exponential relaxation behavior observed in many disordered...
• Kohonen networkA type of artificial neural network, also known as a self-organizing map, used for unsupervised learning and...
• Koopmans' theoremA theorem in quantum chemistry that states that the negative of the orbital energy of a molecular orbital in...
• Koppel-Palm solvent parametersA set of empirical parameters used to quantify the solvating properties of a solvent, including its acidity...
• Kraemer coefficientA constant that appears in the Kraemer equation, relating the inherent viscosity of a polymer solution to its...
• Kraemer equationAn empirical relationship used to describe the dependence of the reduced viscosity of a polymer solution on...
• Krafft pointThe temperature above which a surfactant's solubility increases sharply due to the formation of micelles...
• Kramers-Kronig transformsA pair of mathematical integral relations that connect the real and imaginary parts of any complex response...
• Kratky plotA graphical representation used in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to analyze the conformation of...
• KRS-5A mixed crystal composed of thallium bromide and thallium iodide (TlBr-TlI), used as an optical material for...
• Krypton ion laserA type of gas laser that uses ionized krypton as the active medium to produce coherent light. It operates by...
• k-strategyA reproductive strategy characterized by organisms that produce few offspring but invest heavily in their...
• Kubelka-Munk functionA mathematical function that relates the diffuse reflectance of an opaque, light-scattering material to its...
• Kuenen coefficientThe volume of gas, reduced to standard temperature and pressure (STP), that dissolves in a unit volume of a...
• Kuhn segmentA theoretical concept representing an imaginary segment of a polymer chain that behaves as a rigid rod...
• Kuhn segment lengthThe effective length of a Kuhn segment, representing the average length of a hypothetical rigid segment in a...
• Kupffer cellA specialized type of residential macrophage located within the sinusoids of the liver, forming part of the...
• Kveim reactionA diagnostic skin test historically used for sarcoidosis, involving the intradermal injection of a sterile...
• KyphosisAn excessive outward curvature of the spine, primarily affecting the thoracic region, resulting in a rounded...

103 of 13,678 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.