Systematic effect

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-011776",
  "term": "Systematic effect",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A consistent and reproducible influence on a measurement result that is not due to random fluctuations. This effect causes a bias, meaning the measured value consistently deviates from the true value in a particular direction. Systematic effects can arise from instrument calibration errors, uncorrected matrix effects, or incorrect assumptions in the measurement model.",
  "subject": "Analytical Chemistry",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2021, 93, 997. 'Metrological and quality concepts in analytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2021)' on page 1017 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0819)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/systematic-effect/"
}