Fermi level referencing

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-004379",
  "term": "Fermi level referencing",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A method for calibrating the binding energy scale in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other surface analysis techniques. It involves setting the binding energy of a known spectral feature, such as the Fermi edge of a clean metal in electrical contact with the sample, to zero electronvolts. This approach contrasts with vacuum level referencing, where the binding energy is referenced to the energy of an electron at rest in a vacuum.",
  "subject": "Analytical Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "vacuum level referencing"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2020, 92, 1781. 'Glossary of methods and terms used in surface chemical analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)' on page 1826 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0404)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/fermi-level-referencing/"
}