Hard water

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-005101",
  "term": "Hard water",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "Water that contains a high concentration of dissolved mineral ions, primarily calcium and magnesium. These ions react with soap to form scum and can lead to scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Water hardness is typically measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L) of calcium carbonate equivalent.",
  "subject": "Chemistry and Human Health",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2009, 81, 829. 'Glossary of terms used in ecotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)' on page 893 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-08-07-09)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/hard-water/"
}