Hardness

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-013145",
  "term": "Hardness",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A measure of the concentration of dissolved multivalent metallic cations, primarily calcium and magnesium ions, in water. This property affects water's ability to form lather with soap and can lead to scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Water hardness is typically expressed in milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate equivalent.",
  "subject": "Chemistry and Human Health",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2009, 81, 829. 'Glossary of terms used in ecotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)' on page 893 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-08-07-09)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/hardness/"
}