Electron retardation

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-003736",
  "term": "Electron retardation",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "The deceleration of emitted electrons by a retarding potential, applied ahead of the energy analyser or inside it, so that their kinetic energy distribution is measured at a lowered electron energy. The analyser can then be run at a smaller pass energy, which narrows the absolute energy width, at the cost of reduced transmission. The scheme is used in Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fixed retard ratio is a standard mode on hemispherical analysers.",
  "subject": "Analytical Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "Auger spectroscopy",
    "electron energy analyser"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 2020, 92, 1781. 'Glossary of methods and terms used in surface chemical analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)' on page 1825 (https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0404)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/electron-retardation/"
}