Closed shell molecular systems

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-002134",
  "term": "Closed shell molecular systems",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "Molecular systems in which all electrons are paired and occupy molecular orbitals, resulting in a total spin angular momentum of zero. These systems are diamagnetic and are generally more stable than open-shell systems. Most stable organic molecules exist as closed-shell systems in their ground electronic state.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1999, 71, 1919. 'Glossary of terms used in theoretical organic chemistry' on page 1930 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199971101919)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/closed-shell-molecular-systems/"
}