Dual substituent-parameter equation

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-003467",
  "term": "Dual substituent-parameter equation",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A linear free-energy relationship that separates the electronic effects of substituents into inductive (or field) and resonance components. This equation is an extension of the Hammett equation, allowing for a more detailed analysis of how substituents influence reaction rates and equilibria. It uses two parameters, σI and σR, to quantify these effects.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "extended Hammett equation",
    "resonance"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1107 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/dual-substituent-parameter-equation/"
}