Lone pair

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-006760",
  "term": "Lone pair",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A pair of valence electrons associated with a single atom and not involved in forming a covalent bond with another atom. These non-bonding electrons occupy a specific orbital and influence the molecule's geometry and reactivity, as predicted by Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. For example, the oxygen atom in a water molecule (H₂O) has two lone pairs, which contribute to its bent molecular shape and its ability to act as a Lewis base.",
  "synonyms": [
    "electron pair"
  ],
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "valence"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1137 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/lone-pair/"
}