Inductive effect

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-005799",
  "term": "Inductive effect",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "The polarization of a molecule's sigma bonds that spreads along a chain of atoms because an electronegative or electropositive substituent pulls or pushes bonding electrons, with the effect weakening as the distance from the substituent grows. It originates in electronegativity differences between bonded atoms, which give each bond a permanent dipole. Chloroacetic acid (pKa about 2.9) is a stronger acid than acetic acid (pKa about 4.8) because the chlorine withdraws electron density from the carboxyl group.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "coulomb",
    "field effect",
    "mesomeric effect",
    "molecular entity",
    "polar effect",
    "resonance"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1124 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/inductive-effect/"
}