X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-012766",
  "term": "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A surface-sensitive analytical technique that measures the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic state of elements within a material. It operates by irradiating a sample with X-rays, causing the emission of photoelectrons whose kinetic energies are then measured. The binding energies derived from these measurements are characteristic of each element and its chemical environment.",
  "subject": "Analytical Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "spectroscopy"
  ],
  "references": [
    "Orange Book, 2nd ed., p. 250 (https://media.iupac.org/publications/analytical_compendium/)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy/"
}