Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-003738",
  "term": "Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A technique that probes the elemental composition and chemical states of a material's surface by analyzing the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted when the surface is irradiated with X-rays. This method provides quantitative information about the top few nanometers of a sample. The binding energies of the core electrons are characteristic of each element and its chemical environment.",
  "subject": "Physical and Biophysical Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "kinetic energy",
    "spectroscopy"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1976, 45, 221. 'Nomenclature and Spectral Presentation in Electron Spectroscopy Resulting from Excitation by Photons' on page 223 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac197645030221)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/electron-spectroscopy-for-chemical-analysis/"
}