Ruby laser

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-010450",
  "term": "Ruby laser",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A type of solid-state laser that employs a synthetic ruby crystal, consisting of aluminum oxide doped with chromium ions, as its gain medium. When optically pumped by a flash tube, the chromium ions achieve a population inversion, leading to stimulated emission of coherent red light. The ruby laser was the first functional laser, producing pulsed output at a wavelength of 694.3 nanometers.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "coherent radiation",
    "laser",
    "solid state lasers"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1996, 68, 2223. 'Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)' on page 2272 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668122223)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/ruby-laser/"
}