Gibbs energy

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-004875",
  "term": "Gibbs energy",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A thermodynamic potential that quantifies the maximum amount of non-expansion work that can be extracted from a closed system at constant temperature and pressure. The change in Gibbs energy (ΔG) for a reaction or process indicates its spontaneity; a negative value signifies a spontaneous process, while a positive value indicates a non-spontaneous one. It is defined by the equation G = H − TS, where H is the enthalpy, T is the absolute temperature, and S is the entropy of the system.",
  "synonyms": [
    "Gibbs energy function",
    "free energy"
  ],
  "subject": "Physical and Biophysical Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "enthalpy",
    "entropy",
    "thermodynamic temperature"
  ],
  "references": [
    "Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 48 (https://goldbook.iupac.org/files/pdf/green_book_2ed.pdf)",
    "PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. 'Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)' on page 2192 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199062112167)",
    "PAC, 1996, 68, 957. 'Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)' on page 975 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668040957)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/gibbs-energy/"
}