Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: S (2,959)

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• Submittal data blockThe set of data blocks that can be submitted together for a category of data. These submittal data blocks are...
• Submitter1. A person filing a required report or making a claim of trade secrecy to EPA under sections 303 (d)(2) and...
• Submitter Possession or Control"In possession or control of the submitter, or of any subsidiary, partnership in which the submitter is a...
• SubnominalHaving undesirable or unacceptable ecological condition. The quantified standard established for a condition...
• Subpart H SystemPublic water systems using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water as a...
• Subpolar Low-Pressure BeltA belt of low-pressure between 50 and 70° latitude which makes the winds generally go from east to west.
• Subpopulation1. A subset of the target population that has been identified for a specific purpose, usually requires the...
• Subrecipient1. The legal entity to which a subaward is made and which is accountable to the recipient for the use of the...
• Subscriber agreementAs defined in § 3.3 of CROMERR, an electronic signature agreement signed by an individual with a handwritten...
• Subscriber Line ChargeA monthly fee paid by telephone subscribers that is used to compensate the local telephone company for part...
• Subsequent StartupAny setting into operation of a regulated source and/or equipment required or used to comply with this...
• subsidence1. The downward settling of the Earth's crust relative to its surroundings.
• Subsidence Control WellsClass V wells that are used to control land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal or over pumping of...
• Subsidence inversionTemperature inversion produced by the adiabatic warming of a layer of sinking air.
• SubsidiaryUnder this paragraph means any subsidiary in which the refiner or parent company has a 50% or greater...
• Subsiding/SubsidenceThe downward settling of the Earth's crust relative to its surroundings.
• Subsidized Public HousingThis layer represents the approximate locations of HUD’s Multifamily Housing. The locations of individual...
• SubsidyA kind of financial assistance, such as a grant, tax break or trade barrier, that is implemented to encourage...
• Subsidy AmountDollar amount of budget authority sufficient to cover the estimated long-term cost to the Federal Government...
• SubsistenceProcess by which parcels of air sink adiabatically, drying and warming in the process while creating a stable...
• Subsistence fishermenIndividuals who consume fresh caught fish as a major source of food.
• Subsistence FishingFishing for domestic consumption and nourishment.
• Sub-Slab Depressurization1. A system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure. May be a passive...
• Sub-Slab Depressurization System (Active)A system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a...
• Sub-Slab Depressurization System (Passive)A system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air pressure relative to indoor air pressure by use of a vent...
• Subsonic Aircraft1. Relating to aircraft that are not supersonic aircraft.
• SubstanceThe most basic component of a flowable that clarifies the different component s that make up a flowable. For...
• Substance by Hazard-Containing MaterialSubstances categorized by their content of hazardous material.
• Substance by SourceChemical substances by their source
• Substance ToxicityThe degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals
• Substance UptakeAcquisition of a substance from the environment by an organism as a result of any active or passive...
• Substance Used by ChildrenChemical substance or mixture is used in or on a product that is specifically intended for use by children...
• Substantial CompletionStage in the progress of the project when the project or designated portion thereof is sufficiently complete...
• Substantial Property DamageEstimated property damage at or outside the stationary source equal to or greater than $1,000,000.
• Substantial ThreatAs part of the investigation described in § 300.320, the OSC shall determine whether a discharge results in a...
• SubstantiationA nonbinding, written document executed by an EPA Regional Administrator and the head of a state agency that...
• SubstateAny public regional, local, county, municipal, or intermunicipal agency, or regional or local public...
• substitutability1. The degree to which two or more goods (or services) can be substituted for one another.
• Substitute Compound1. Any chemical, product substitute, or alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or new, intended...
• Substitute DataEmissions or volumetric flow data provided to assure 100 percent recording and reporting of emissions when...
• Substitute ProducerAny person who manufactures, formulates or otherwise creates a substitute in its final form for distribution...
• Substitute Refrigerant1. Any chemical or product, whether existing or new, that is used by any person as an EPA approved...
• Substitute Small UseAny use of a substitute in a sector other than a major industrial use sector, or production by any producer...
• Substitute State PlanState may use a plan or other document that it has developed for its own purposes to meet Federal...
• Substitute Use RestrictionRestrictions on the use of a substitute imposing either conditions on how the substitute can be used across a...
• SubstitutesA chemical, product, process, or technology, which may be substituted for another to perform the same...
• Substitution (data)The process of replacing a variable in an expression with it’s a different value.
• Substitution EffectFor interchangeable commodities, the swapping out of one for another, as the buyer looks for the lowest...
• Substitution Measurement MethodApproach to making measurements in which the unknown quantity to be measured is substituted by a known...
• Substitution UnitAn affected unit, other than a unit under section 410 of the Act, that is designated as a Phase I unit in a...
• Substrate1. The rock underlying surface soils.
• Substrate (Geology)1. The rock underlying surface soils.
• Substrate InteractionSubstrate Interaction involves temporary non-covalent binding through intermolecular physical forces of...
• Substrate MaterialSubstance underneath the coating or to which the coating is applied.
• Subsurface AllocationAn allocation of potential additions to reserves to land entities based on subsurface ownership of mineral...
• Subsurface Chemical Detection SystemLocates and monitors DNAPL contamination.
• Subsurface DrainA shallow drain installed in an irrigated field to intercept the rising ground-water level and maintain the...
• Subsurface Fluid Distribution System1. An assemblage of perforated pipes, drain tiles, or other similar mechanisms intended to distribute fluids...
• Subsurface Horizon (USDA)The horizons described in this section form below the surface of the soil, although in some areas they form...
• Subsurface ModelThese models are used extensively for site-specific risk assessments; for example, to determine pollutant...
• SubterraneanExisting, situated or operating below the earths surface [Original source...
• Subterranean EnvironmentEnvironment found existing, situated or operating below the earths surface.
• SubtidalThe area of shoreline that is always submerged, even at the lowest tide.
• Subtitle C LandfillA landfill that accepts hazardous waste (including treated hazardous waste).
• Subtitle D LandfillA landfill that accepts nonhazardous waste.
• Subtitle D Regulated FacilityAll solid waste disposal facilities subject to the revised criteria promulgated by EPA under the authority of...
• Subtropical AnticycloneA warm phenomenon of the Earth's general circulation.
• Subtropical CycloneThere are two definitions currently used for subtropical cyclones. Across the north Atlantic and southwest...
• Subtropical High-Pressure BeltBelts of high-pressure at 30 degrees North and South of the Equator
• SubtropicsThe parts of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropics. The southern part of the United States is...
• Subwatershed1. Topographic perimeter of the catchment area of a stream tributary.
• SubwayAn area beneath the milking pit that houses milk meters, pipelines, vacuum lines and transfer tanks to reduce...
• Succession1. The process by which a plant or animal community successively gives way to another until a stable state is...
• Succulent PlantPlants adapted to retain large amounts of water in their leaves and stems, often found thriving in desert...
• SucroseA nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained...
• suction dredge1. A dredge in which the material is lifted by pumping through a suction pipe.
• Suction LiftThe NEGATIVE pressure [in feet (meters) of water or inches (centimeters) of mercury vacuum] on the suction...
• Sudden Accidental OccurrencesFor purposes of TSDF financial assurance, events that are not continuous or repeated.
• Sudden Infant Death SyndromeThe sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, without an apparent cause.
• Suess EffectThe relative change in the 14C/C or 13C/C ratio of any carbon pool or reservoir caused by the addition of...
• Sufficient CauseCausal factor or collection of factors whose presence is always followed by the occurrence of the effect (of...
• Sufficient Equipment DensityAny number, spacing, and combination of collection system components, including vertical wells, horizontal...
• Sufficient Evidence1. A term used in evaluating study data for the classification of a carcinogen under the 1986 U.S. EPA...
• Sufficient Extraction RateRate sufficient to maintain a negative pressure at all wellheads in the collection system without causing air...
• Sugarcane SmutDisease of sugarcane caused by a fungus producing spores within a whip-like growth found at the top of the...
• Suggested No Adverse Response LevelThe concentration of a chemical in water that is expected not to cause an adverse health effect.
• Suggestive Evidence of Carcinogenic PotentialThis descriptor is appropriate when the weight of evidence suggests carcinogenicity, raising concern for...
• SuitabilityA determination that the data review, verification, validation, and assessment have yielded the information...
• Suitable Replacement RefrigerantFor the purposes of § 82.156(i)(7)(i), a refrigerant that is acceptable under section 612(c) of the Clean Air...
• Suitable Substitute DecisionAdministrator's decision whether a product which the Administrator has determined to be a low-noise-emission...
• Sulfate Aerosol1. Particulate matter that consists of compounds of sulfur formed by the interaction of sulfur dioxide and...
• Sulfate AerosolsParticulate matter that consists of compounds of sulfur formed by the interaction of sulfur dioxide and...
• Sulfate ReductionWhen provided with an organic carbon source, sulfate reducing bacteria are capable of reducing the sulfate to...
• Sulfate-Reducing BioreactorEngineered container filled with untreated waters and organic matter such as hay or manure which provides...
• Sulfide InterferenceDischarge of sulfides in quantities which can result in human health hazards and/or risks to human life, and...
• Sulfide MineralA naturally occurring chemical compound or limited mixture of chemical compounds which contains the sulfide...
• Sulfide OxidizerBacteria which oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds, most commonly to sulfate
• SulfidesChemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or...
• Sulfite Combustion UnitCombustion device, such as a recovery furnace or fluidized-bed reactor, where spent liquor from the sulfite...
• Sulfite Cooking LiquorBisulfite cooking liquor when the pH of the liquor is between 3.0 and 6.0 and as acid sulfite cooking liquor...
• Sulfite Pulp MillAny stationary source that produces pulp from wood by cooking (digesting) wood chips in a solution of...
• Sulfite PulpingChemical pulping process that uses a mixture of sulfurous acid and bisulfite ion as the cooking liquor.
• SulfitesInorganic salts of sulfurous acid.
• SulfonamidesA group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.
• Sulfur CompoundsCompounds containing one or more sulfur atoms
• Sulfur Containing Amino AcidsAny amino acid containing sulfur (CRISP Thesaurus 2006)
• Sulfur cycleCyclic movement of sulfur in different chemical forms from the environment, to organisms, and then back to...
• Sulfur DexafluorideA potent greenhouse gas primarily used as an electrical insulator in high voltage equipment. For more...
• Sulfur Dioxide1. High concentrations of sulfur dioxide affect breathing and may aggravate existing respiratory and...
• Sulfur Dioxide Control1. (Control of sulfur dioxide emission which is) a criteria air pollutant. Sulfur dioxide is a gas produced...
• Sulfur Dioxide Emission Standard and Control MeasureNo owner or operator shall discharge or cause the discharge of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere in...
• Sulfur Hexafluoride1. A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water. A very powerful greenhouse gas...
• Sulfur OxidesInorganic oxides of sulfur.
• Sulfur Oxides Emission Limitation and Control MeasureNo owner or operator shall discharge or cause the discharge of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere from Units...
• Sulfur PitStorage vessel in which sulfur that is condensed after each Claus catalytic reactor is initially accumulated...
• Sulfur Production RateRate of liquid sulfur accumulation from the sulfur recovery unit.
• Sulfur Recovery Plant1. All process units which recover sulfur from H2S and/or SO2 from a common source of sour gas produced at a...
• Sulfur Recovery Unit1. Process device that recovers element sulfur from acid gas.
• Sulfur-Free Electricity GenerationGeneration of electricity by a process that does not have any emissions of sulfur dioxide, including...
• Sulfur-Free Electricity GeneratorGenerator that is located in one of the 48 contiguous States or the District of Columbia and produces...
• Sulfur-Free GenerationGeneration of electricity by a process that does not have any emissions of sulfur dioxide, including...
• sulfuric acidAn acid that can be produced in the atmosphere from sulfur dioxide, a pollutant that results from the burning...
• Sulfuric Acid PicklingOperations in which steel products are immersed in sulfuric acid solutions to chemically remove oxides and...
• Sulfuric Acid Plant1. Any facility producing sulfuric acid by the contact process by burning elemental sulfur, alkylation acid...
• Sulfuric Acid Production UnitAny facility producing sulfuric acid by the contact process by burning elemental sulfur, alkylation acid...
• Sulfur-Reducing BacteriaA group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide...
• Sulfur-Sensitive Technology1. Emission-control technology that would experience a significant drop in emission control performance or...
• Summary Jury TrialA non-binding determination administered by the court in which (a) the parties' attorneys present a summary...
• Summative EvaluationA type of outcome evaluation that assesses the results or outcomes of a program. This type of evaluation is...
• Summer Conventional Blendstock for Oxygenate BlendingPetroleum product which, when blended with a specified type and percentage of oxygenate, meets the definition...
• Summer GasolineGasoline that is subject to the RVP standards in § 1090.215.
• SummitProminent elevation rising above the surrounding level of the Earth's surface; does not include pillars...
• Sump1. A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal.
• Sump pit1. A hole going below the slab into which water is drained in order to be pumped out. Should be sealed to...
• Sun Screen AgentChemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking...
• SunscaldDeath of bark due to sudden exposure to sun. This is common in mature aspen where neighboring trees have been...
• Sunscreening AgentChemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking...
• SunspotA dark area that forms and disappears on the surface of the sun over periods of days or weeks. The amount of...
• Supercell Thunderstorm1. Potentially the most dangerous of the convective storm types. Storms possessing this structure have been...
• Superchlorination1. (SUE-per-KLOR-uh-NAY-shun) Chlorination with doses that are deliberately selected to produce free or...
• Supercritical fluidA fluid above its critical temperature (31.1oC for CO2) and critical pressure (73.8 bar for CO2)...
• Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyA chromatography method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (around 73...
• Supercritical WaterA type of thermal treatment using moderate temperatures and high pressures to enhance the ability of water to...
• Superfund1. The program operated under the legislative authority of CERCLA and SARA that funds and carries out EPA...
• Superfund Accelerated Cleanup ModelAn approach to cleanup that encouraged innovative ways to streamline the cleanup process. The idea was...
• Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization ActSARA is the 1986 act amending CERCLA that increased the size of the Superfund trust fund and established a...
• Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization ActTo extend and amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, and...
• Superfund Chemical Data MatrixSee http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm. The Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM)...
• Superfund ContaminationSoil contamination at superfund sites
• Superfund Discovery1. The initial activity in the Superfund process where a potentially contaminated site is reported to EPA or...
• Superfund Enhanced State and Tribal Role InitiativeSee http://www.epa.gov/superfund/community/states.htm. The purpose of the Superfund Enhanced State and Tribal...
• Superfund Feasibility Study1. Study of a hazardous waste site intended to: (1) evaluate alternative remedial actions from technical...
• Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation ProgramEPA program to promote development and use of innovative treatment and site characterization technologies in...
• Superfund Job Training InitiativeSee http://www.epa.gov/superfund/community/sfjti/index.htm. The Superfund Job Training Initiative's...
• Superfund Memorandum of AgreementA nonbinding, written document executed by an EPA Regional Administrator and the head of a state agency that...
• Superfund Proximity1. The environmental burden indicator for Superfund proximity measures how close people might live to sites...
• Superfund RedevelopmentRenovation for reuse of a Superfund site
• Superfund Response TaskElement of a Superfund response activity identified in the Statement of Work of a Superfund Cooperative...
• Superfund SiteSite on the National Priorities List (NPL) - EPA's official list of sites that present sufficient threat to...
• Superfund State Contract1. An agreement between EPA and the state before remedial action begins (at Superfund sites where EPA is...
• Superfund Trust FundA public trust fund created with passage of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and...
• SuperhutchesCalf housing structures, often open on one side, designed for a small number of calves when first grouped...
• SuperlatticeNanomaterials composed of thin, crystal layers. The properties (thickness, composition) of these layers...
• Supernatant(sue-per-NAY-tent) Liquid removed from settled sludge. Supernatant commonly refers to the liquid between the...
• Superphosphoric Acid Plant1. Any facility which concentrates wet-process phosphoric acid to 66 percent or greater P2O5 content by...
• SupersackContainer of particulate from the manufacturer or supplier with attached feed tubes and that is used to...
• SupersaturatedAn unstable condition of a solution (water) in which the solution contains a substance at a concentration...
• Supersonic Aircraft1. Relating to aircraft that are certificated to fly faster than the speed of sound.
• SuperstrateCovering on the sunny side of a photovoltaic (PV) module, providing protection for the PV materials from...
• Supertropical BleachBleaching agent containing calcium hypochlorite (a powerful oxidizer) and calcium oxide (a corrosive material)
• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SystemGenerally refers to industrial control computer systems that monitor and control industrial infrastructure or...
• SupplementTo enlarge a dataset by filling in the missing data with values.
• Supplemental AgreementContract modification that is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties.
• Supplemental AssessmentSupplemental Assessment Completion date(s) are the date(s) on which a Supplemental Assessment report has been...
• Supplemental Combustion Air1. Air that is added to a vent stream after the vent stream leaves the unit operation. Air that is part of...
• Supplemental Demographic Index1. The supplemental demographic index in EJScreen is a combination of five socioeconomic factors averaged...
• Supplemental Environmental Project1. SEPs are environmental improvement projects that a violator voluntarily agrees to perform. These projects...
• Supplemental Environmental Projects1. An environmentally beneficial project that an environmental violator voluntarily agrees to undertake in...
• Supplemental Federal Test ProcedureAdditional test procedures designed to measure emissions during aggressive and microtransient driving, as...
• Supplemental FuelFuel burned within a petrochemical process that is not produced within the process itself.
• Supplemental Gas1. Any gaseous streams that are not defined as process vents, or closed-vent systems from wastewater...
• Supplemental Heat1. Furnace or radiant heat provided to maintain a comfortable temperature for the animals
• Supplemental IndexThere are thirteen supplemental indexes in EJScreen reflecting the 13 environmental indicators, combined with...
• Supplemental Printed MaterialAny informational material (including, but not limited to, package inserts, fact sheets, invoices, material...
• Supplemental RegistrationAn arrangement whereby a registrant licenses another company to market its pesticide product under the second...
• Supplemental Remedial Investigation / Feasibility StudyAdditional information that EPA has decided is necessary to carry out a proposed cleanup in the RI/FS.
• Supplementary Control SystemAny technique for limiting the concentration of a pollutant in the ambient air by varying the emissions of...
• Supplementary VariableA variable upon which information is collected because of its potential relationship to a response variable.
• Supplied-Air RespiratorA respirator that provides breathing air through an airline hose from an uncontaminated decompressed air...
• Supplier1. Any individual or organization furnishing items or services or performing work according to a procurement...
• Supplier of Water1. Any person who owns or operates a public water system.
• Suppliers and ContractorsOrganizations or individuals hired to provide supplies, materials, services and other tangible goods to the...
• Supplies1. All tangible personal property other than equipment as defined in 40 CFR Part 31. (40 CFR Part 31)
• supplyGenerally, the total amount of a good or service available for purchase (or use for nonmarket goods and...
• Supply AirThat air delivered to the conditioned space and used for ventilation, heating, cooling, humidification, or...
• Supply ChainA network that supplies goods or services from the source of production through the point of consumption. A...
• Supply Chain Management1. Supply Chain Management involves the purchasing, tracking, and overall management of goods and services.
• Supply ManagementMeasures deployed by the utility that improve the efficiency of production, transmission, and distribution...
• Supply-Side Electricity MeasureMeasure to improve the efficiency of the generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity...
• Support Activities for TransportationIndustries in the Support Activities for Transportation subsector provide services which support...
• Support Agency1. Agency or agencies that provide the support agency coordinator to furnish necessary data to the lead...
• Support Agency CoordinatorThe official designated by the support agency, as appropriate, to interact and coordinate with the lead...
• Support Delivery of ServicesSupport Delivery of Services provides the critical policy, programmatic and managerial foundation to support...
• Support DocumentMaterials and information submitted to EPA in support of a TSCA section 5 notice, including but not limited...
• Support for Research Grants & FellowshipsSupport for research grants and graduate fellowships that promote the creation of new scientific and...
• Support for Undergraduate & Graduate FellowshipsFunding for undergraduate and graduate students through fellowships that cover the costs of tuition...
• Supported EquipmentOperator holds the equipment in position so as to prevent it from falling, slipping or sinking. It is not...
• Supporting InformationInformation submissions that substantiate or summarize detailed data analysis, calculations, or modeling and...
• Supporting StudiesStudies that contain information useful for providing insight and support for conclusions.
• Supporting StudyStudies that contain information useful for providing insight and support for conclusions.
• Supporting Substrate Polymeric CoatingWeb coating process that applies elastomers, polymers, or prepolymers to a supporting web other than paper...
• Suppressed CombustionBasic oxygen furnace steelmaking wet air cleaning systems which are designed to limit or suppress the...
• SuppressionThe act of preventing something from being seen, expressed, documented, or known.
• Suppression of Cancer Cell InvasionInhibition by malignant cells of infiltration and destruction of tissues proximal or distant to the primary...
• SurchargeA special charge on a water bill used to send customers a specific pricing signal and recover costs...
• Surety BondA guarantee which certifies that a surety company will cover the TSDF financial assurance requirement on...
• surf zone1. The zone of the nearshore region extending from the point offshore where waves break to the landward limit...
• Surface Active AgentAgents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one...
• Surface AllocationAn allocation of potential additions to reserves to land entities based on surface ownership.
• Surface AreaThe area of the surface of a waterbody; best measured by planimetry or the use of a geographic information...
• Surface CasingFirst string of well casing to be installed in the well.
• Surface Coal MineA coal-producing mine that is usually within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth above or around the...
• Surface CoatingProcess of coating a copper workpiece as well as the associated surface finishing and flattening.
• Surface Coating Operation1. Any prime coat, guide coat, or topcoat operation on an automobile or light-duty truck surface coating line.
• Surface Collecting AgentThose chemical agents that form a surface film to control the layer thickness of oil.
• Surface Disposal SiteArea of land that contains one or more active sewage sludge units.
• Surface Energy BudgetThe energy or heat budget at the earth's surface, considered in terms of the fluxes through a plane at the...
• Surface Enhanced Raman SpectroscopyVariant of Raman spectroscopy in which the signal is greatly enhanced through interaction of the incident...
• Surface FaultingSurface faulting is displacement that reaches the earth's surface during slip along a fault. Commonly occurs...
• Surface FilmThin layer of materials and biota that exist on the surface of the water, often only a few microns thick. The...
• Surface FireWildfire that burns dead or dry vegetation lying or growing just above the ground. ALSO Fire that burns loose...
• Surface fittingA statistical procedure of estimating the parameters of a surface model or of approximating an implied...
• Surface Impoundment1. Treatment, storage, or disposal of liquid hazardous wastes in ponds.
• Surface Impoundments1. Lined ponds storing hazardous waste.
• Surface integrationMethod used to measure skin surface area in which a planimeter is used to measure areas of the skin, and the...
• Surface Irrigation InfrastructureInfrastructure to support surface irrigation where water is distributed over and across land by gravity, no...
• Surface LayerThe interface between the water column and the atmosphere, extending to a depth of several centimeters...
• Surface LeakageMovement of the injected CO2 stream from the injection zone to the surface, and into the atmosphere, indoor...
• Surface LoadingOne of the guidelines for the design of settling tanks and clarifiers in treatment plants. Used by operators...
• Surface MarkerProteins on the outside surface of a cell that are unique to certain cell types and that can be visualized...
• Surface MineCoal-producing mine that is usually within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth above or around the coal...
• Surface mining1. Removal of soil, sub-soil, and other strata and then extracting a mineral deposit found fairly close to...
• Surface Mining Control & Reclamation ActTo provide for the cooperation between the Secretary of the Interior and the States with respect to the...
• Surface Mixed LayerThe layer of water at the ocean surface that is mixed by wind. Water of homogeneous density is easily mixed...
• Surface MoistureWater that is not chemically bound to a metallic mineral or metallic mineral concentrate.
• Surface OzoneTrace gas consisting of three oxygen atoms that is measured at the ground to monitor pollution. Although it...
• Surface PrepUse of a cleaning material on a portion of or all of a substrate prior to the application of a coating.
• Surface Preparation1. Removal of contaminants from the surface of an aerospace vehicle or component, or the activation or...
• Surface PumpA mechanism for removing water or wastewater from a sump or wet well.
• Surface RightsThe ownership of the surface of land only, where mineral rights are reserved. Those reserved to the owner of...
• surface rougheningIncreasing the relief of a bare soil surface with horizontal grooves by either stair-stepping (running...
• Surface RoughnessThe term surface roughness is used in the context of heat island mitigation to refer to the presence of...
• Surface Runoff1. Water flowing in streams and over the ground's surface during rainstorm or snowmelt.
• Surface SiteAny combination of one or more graded pad sites, gravel pad sites, foundations, platforms, or the immediate...
• Surface SwellA surface gravity wave propagating into an area from a distant source of energy/disturbance and that is not...
• Surface Transportation DelineatorHighly visible pavement marker that can be positioned to direct traffic or define boundaries.
• Surface Transportation LandAll highways, roads, railroads and associated right-of-ways.
• Surface TreatmentChemical or electrochemical treatment applied to the surface of a metal. Such treatments include pickling...
• Surface Uranium MinesStrip mining operations for removal of uranium-bearing ore.
• Surface Vessel Bilgewater/Oil-Water SeparatorSources include condensate from steam systems, boiler blowdowns, water fountains, and machinery space sinks...
• Surface Washing AgentAny product that removes oil from solid surfaces, such as beaches and rocks, through a detergency mechanism...
• Surface Water1. All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas...
• Surface Water BodyThose surface waters listed in section 4.0.2 and listed on page 8-2.
• Surface Water PoolA small part of the stream reach with little velocity, commonly with water deeper than surrounding areas.
• Surface Water QualityQuality of waters naturally open to the atmosphere
• Surface Water Quality ModelSurface water quality models are often related to, or are variations of, hydrological models. The latter are...
• Surface Water SamplesSamples collected from a water body that can be used to establish an observed release to surface water...
• Surface waters1. The inland surface waters consisting of all the Nation's lakes (other than the Great Lakes), rivers, and...
• Surface wave1. A wave that travels along, or near to, the surface; its motion dropping off rapidly with distance from it...
• Surface WindThe horizontal motion of the air past a given point near the earth's surface. Winds begin with differences in...
• Surface Wind WaveA surface wave generated by direct wind action on the water’s surface producing shear, piling up water in the...
• Surface-Based ConvectionConvection occurring within a surface-based layer, i.e., a layer in which the lowest portion is based at or...
• Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass SpectrometryTool for detection of proteins in which time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to analyze peptides which...
• SurfacerPrimer-surfacer.
• surface-to-surface well1. A well drilled using horizontal directional drilling with an exit hole, through which the well materials...
• Surface-Water Treatment RuleRule that specifies maximum contaminant level goals for Giardia lamblia, viruses, and Legionella and...
• Surfacing ACMAsbestos-containing material that is sprayed or troweled on or otherwise applied to surfaces, such as...
• Surfacing Asbestos Containing MaterialSurfacing material that is ACM.
• Surfacing Material1. Means material in a school building that is sprayed on, trowelled on, or otherwise applied to surfaces...
• Surfactant1. A detergent compound that promotes lathering.
• SurfingRiding ocean waves on a surfboard for recreation
• SurgeA transient variation of current, voltage, or power flow in an electric circuit or across an electric system.
• Surge ChamberA chamber or tank connected to a pipe and located at or near a valve that may quickly open or close or a pump...
• Surge Control TankThose tanks or vessels used only for controlling pressure in a pipeline system during surges or other...
• Surge Control Vessel1. Feed drum, recycle drum, or intermediate vessel. Surge control vessels are used within a process unit (as...
• Surplus Emissions ReductionAt a minimum, emissions reductions in excess of an established program baseline which are not required by SIP...
• Surrogate Analyte1. A pure chemical which is unlikely to be found in any sample, and which is added to a sample volume in a...
• Surrogate Data1. Data from studies of test organisms or a test substance that are used to estimate the characteristics or...
• Surrogate doseA surrogate dose is specific to a combination of facility, chemical release, media, release pathway and...
• Surrogate OrganismAn organism selected for laboratory testing because it represents a taxonomic or functional group of...
• Surrogate PollutantRegulated parameter that, for the purpose of compliance monitoring, is allowed to serve as a surrogate for a...
• Surrogate Standard1. A non-target analyte that has similar chemical properties to the analyte of interest. The surrogate...
• SurrogationThe right of an insurance company to step into the role of the party whom they compensate and sue any party...
• surveillanceSystematic ongoing collection, collation, and analysis of data and the timely dissemination of information to...
• Surveillance and MaintenanceAll activities necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment following completion of...
• Surveillance and Monitoring SystemA series of monitoring devices designed to check on environmental conditions.
• Surveillance On-Site Assessment1. Set of on-site activities that are less comprehensive than reassessment, to monitor the continued...
• Surveillance (quality)1. Continual or frequent monitoring and verification of the status of an entity and the analysis of records...
• Surveillance SystemA series of monitoring devices designed to check on environmental conditions.
• Survey1. The collection of information from a common group through interviews or the application of questionnaires...
• Survey DesignThe process of selecting sites at which a response will be determined. Includes a probability model for...
• Survey Operating EnvelopeRange of conditions ( i.e., wind speed, delta-T, viewing distance) within which a survey must be conducted to...
• Survey response methodologyResponses to survey questions are analyzed. This methodology includes questions asked of children directly...
• Survey SeriesFour quarterly surveys that comprise a survey program.
• SurveyorRefers to the state, locality, or individual responsible for the collection of recycling measurement data...
• Survival CurveCurve that starts at 100% of the study population and shows the percentage of the population still surviving...
• Susceptibility1. Increased likelihood of an adverse effect, often discussed in terms of relationship to a factor that can...
• Susceptibility Analysis1. An analysis to determine whether a Public Water Supply is subject to significant pollution from known...
• Susceptible HostSusceptibility of a host depends on genetic or constitutional factors, specific immunity, and nonspecific...
• Susceptible Population1. Group of individuals within the general population identified by the Administrator who, due to either...
• Susceptible SubgroupMay refer to life stages, for example, children or the elderly, or to other segments of the population, for...
• Susceptible SubgroupsMay refer to life stages, for example, children or the elderly, or to other segments of the population, for...
• Suspect MaterialBuilding material suspected of containing asbestos; e.g., surfacing material, floor tile, ceiling tile...
• Suspend Certificate/Exemption1. To temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an emission family. If we suspend a...
• suspended growth reactorsA configuration wherein the microorganisms responsible for wastewater treatment are maintained in suspension...
• Suspended LoadsSpecific sediment particles maintained in the water column by turbulence and carried with the flow of water.
• Suspended Particulate Phase Toxicity1. Applied to BAT effluent limitations and NSPS for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the bioassay...
• Suspended Sediment1. Sediment carried within the water column of a stream.
• Suspended sedimentsTiny particles of clay and silt that become suspended in the water, reducing water clarity and the amount of...
• Suspended Solid1. Solids that either float on the surface or are suspended in water or other liquids, and which are largely...
• Suspended Solids1. Small particles of solid pollutants that float on the surface of, or are suspended in, sewage or other...
• Suspended Solids or LoadOrganic and inorganic particles (sediment) suspended in and carried by a fluid (water). The suspension is...
• Suspended-Sediment DischargeThe quantity of suspended sediment passing a point in a stream over a specified period of time. When...
• SUSPENSE FILESFiles arranged chronologically to remind officials of actions to be completed by a specific date. Also called...
• Suspension1. Suspending the use of a pesticide when EPA deems it necessary to prevent an imminent hazard resulting from...
• Suspension Blending ProcessProcess for producing polyvinyl chloride resin that is similar to the suspension polymerization process, but...
• Suspension ConcentrateStable suspension of solid particulate active ingredients in a liquid intended for dilution with water before...
• Suspension CultureCells growing in a liquid nutrient medium.
• Suspension Process1. Polymerization process where the monomer(s) is in a state of suspension, with the help of suspending...
• SusquehannaThe Susquehanna River Basin. Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania. Area = 27200 sq.mi.
• Sustainability1. Long-term management of ecosystems to meet the needs of present human populations without interruption...
• Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmentally friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without damage to...
• Sustainable Community TransportationGenerally defined as methods of transportation that are available to all in a community and which do not...
• Sustainable Development1. Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to...
• Sustainable EcosystemAn ecosystem that has the ability to continually regenerate itself .
• Sustainable Energy UseEmployment of energy resources that are renewable, such as wind and solar at a rate that does not exceed...
• Sustainable HousingHousing options which meet current needs without compromising the option of future citizens and ensuring the...
• Sustainable InfrastructureA set of policies, approaches and planned expenditures that provide for consistently effective water...
• Sustainable ManufacturingSustainable manufacturing (also called sustainable design or green design) is the creation of manufactured...
• Sustainable Stream RestorationCreation of a stable dimension, pattern, and profile for a stream type and channel morphology appropriate to...
• Sustainable UseHuman use of an ecosystem so that it may yield a continuous benefit to present generations while maintaining...
• Sustainable Waste ManagementHandling waste in a way that supports the concept of sustainable development.
• Sustainable Water Infrastructure SystemSystems-integrated water resource management where the natural, green and built water infrastructure is...
• Sustainable Water ManagementPlanning to maintain the supply and quality of water over the long term, considering the impact of that...
• Sustainable Water SourceNon-potable sources and can include harvested rainwater, surplus water from building or site operations that...
• Sustained Yield ManagementManagement of resources to achieve the goal of obtaining a perpetual and steady supply of product.
• SuwanneeThe coastal drainage and associated waters from the Withlacoochee River Basin boundary to and including the...
• Suzuki Coupling ReactionA palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction joining an organoboron with an organic halide
• SwagingProcess in which a solid point is formed at the end of a tube, rod, or bar by the repeated blows of one or...
• Swale1. A swale, sometimes called a biofilter, is a grass-lined channel that is designed to convey stormwater in...
• swalesVegetated, open-channel management practices designed specifically to treat and attenuate stormwater runoff...
• Swamp1. A type of wetland dominated by woody vegetation or trees.
• SwampsAny wetland dominated by woody plants.
• SwarmingThe act of grouping or moving in large numbers
• Swash ZoneThe zone of wave action on the beach, which moves as water levels vary, extending from the limit of run-down...
• Swatcha color sample.
• Sweat FurnaceFurnace used exclusively to reclaim aluminum from scrap that contains substantial quantities of iron by using...
• Sweat GlandThe small coiled tubes in the skin that produce and secrete sweat.
• Sweep Gas1. Gas introduced in a flare gas header system to maintain a constant flow of gas to prevent oxygen buildup...
• Sweet Cherry ProcessingProcessing of all sweet varieties of cherries into the following products styles: Frozen and canned, pitted...
• Sweet CrudePetroleum is considered "sweet" if it contains less than 0.5% sulfur compared to a higher level of sulfur in...
• Sweet GasNatural gas with low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) that does not...
• Sweet ItchAn allergic reaction of horses to the saliva of the culicoides midge, resulting in severe inching and...
• Sweet Potato ProcessingProcessing of sweet potatoes into the following product styles: Canned, peeled, solid, syrup, and vacuum...
• Sweet WasteRefers to materials in the overburden, mining refuse, mine tailings or mining spoils that are neutral or...
• Sweet WaterSolution of 8-10 percent crude glycerine and 90-22 percent water that is a by-product of saponification or...
• SweetbreadsThe thymus glands of veal, young beef, lamb and pork used as food.
• SweeteningProcesses that either remove obnoxious sulfur compounds (primarily hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, and...
• Sweetening AgentSubstances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie...
• Sweetening UnitProcess device that separates the H2S and CO2 contents from the sour natural gas stream.
• Swim bladderA gas-filled organ that regulates buoyancy in most bony fishes.
• SwimmingAn activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs...
• Swimming and BoatingIf a waterbody has been assessed for swimming and boating this means that a decision was made on if it has...
• Swimming and Boating UseIf a waterbody has been assessed for swimming and boating this means that a decision was made on if it has...
• Swimming Pool CoatingCoating formulated and recommended to coat the interior of swimming pools and to resist swimming pool...
• Swine Deep Bedding SystemManure management system in which, as manure accumulates, bedding is continually added to absorb moisture...
• Swine DiseasesDiseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
• Swine DysenteryA diarrheal disease of pigs
• Swine ErysipelasAn acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa (syn. Erysipelothrix...
• Swine Farrow to FeederSwine operation where pigs are raised from birth to approximately 60 pounds live weight.
• Swine Farrow to FinishSwine operation where pigs are raised from birth to market weight.
• Swine Farrow to NurserySwine operation where pigs are raised from birth to weaning.
• Swine Fever VirusA species of the PESTIVIRUS genus causing exceedingly contagious and fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine.
• Swine Grow/FinishSwine operation where feeder pigs are fed to market weight.
• Swine Vesicular DiseaseAn enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular...
• Swing ParlorParlor characterized by having the milking units positioned in the middle of the parlor for use by cows on...
• Switch Locomotive1. Locomotive designed or used solely for the primary purpose of propelling railroad cars a short distance...
• Switcher LocomotiveAny locomotive designated as a switcher by the builder or reported to the ICC as a switcher by the...
• Switching StationFacility equipment used to tie together two or more electric circuits through switches. The switches are...
• SymbiontAn organism that is associated with an organism of another species and participating in a beneficial...
• SymbiosisA relationship between two species of organisms in which both members benefit from the association...
• Symbiotic BacteriaA bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.
• Symbiotic Nitrogen FixationSymbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs in plants that harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria within their tissues. The...
• Symbiotic Relationship ParticipantParticipant in a prolonged close association with a member of another species which may or may not be...
• Sympathetic Nervous SystemThe thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in...
• SympathomimeticDrugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are...
• Symptom1. A property of affected organisms, populations, communities, or ecosystems that is indicative of a specific...
• Symptomatology1. A set of signs indicating the action of a specific causal agent on organisms.
• Synapse1. The place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another.
• Synaptic TransmissionThe communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. In chemical...
• SynapticaThe proprietary terminology management application that forms the basis for ETSS. Synaptica is a product of...
• SynclineA fold in which the strata dip toward the axis. After erosion, the youngest beds are exposed in the central...
• Syndromic Surveillance1. The monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given...
• Synergism1. The cooperative action of two or more organisms producing a greater total result than the sum of their...
• SynergisticExposure to multiple stressors that leads to an increased response that exceeds what would be estimated for...
• synergistic effect1. A biologic response to multiple substances where one substance worsens the effect of another substance...
• Synfuel ProductionProduction of synthetic fuels which replace petroleum products. They may be made from coal or biomass.
• Synoptic Scale System1. (System of) the typical weather map scale that shows features such as high- and low-pressure areas and...
• Syntactic FoamThe encapsulation of hollow micro spheres in a plastic matrix.
• Syntactic InteroperabilityThe mechanics of interoperability
• SyntaxSyntax is the set of orderly rules associated with a language. All programming and scripting languages, such...
• Synthesis1. The composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole.
• Synthetic Ammonium Sulfate Manufacturing PlantAny plant which produces ammonium sulfate by direct combination of ammonia and sulfuric acid.
• Synthetic BiologyField of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new...
• Synthetic EstrogensSteroidal compounds related to ESTRADIOL, the major mammalian female sex hormone. Estradiol congeners include...
• Synthetic fertilizer1. Commercially prepared mixtures of plant nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, and potassium applied to...
• Synthetic FiberAny fiber composed partially or entirely of materials made by chemical synthesis, or made partially or...
• Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing FacilityPlants in which synthetic fiber-forming substances are extruded through spinnerets into air and water to form...
• Synthetic MaterialApplied to synthetic-based drilling fluid means material produced by the reaction of specific purified...
• Synthetic Minor Hazardous Air Pollutant SourceSource that otherwise has the potential to emit HAPs in amounts that are at or above those for major sources...
• Synthetic Minor Source1. Source that otherwise has the potential to emit regulated NSR pollutants in amounts that are at or above...
• Synthetic MuskAlso know as white musks, these musks are man-made for use as pleasant-smelling additives to products such as...
• Synthetic natural gas1. A manufactured product chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting from the conversion...
• Synthetic Natural Gas Production FacilityFacility to produce a manufactured product chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting from...
• Synthetic Organic ChemicalMan-made (anthropogenic) organic chemicals. Some SOCs are volatile; others tend to stay dissolved in water...
• Synthetic Organic ChemicalsMan-made (anthropogenic) organic chemicals. Some SOCs are volatile; others tend to stay dissolved in water...
• Synthetic ResinPolymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form...
• Synthetic-Based MaterialContinuous phase of the drilling fluid is a synthetic material or a combination of synthetic materials.
• SystemComputer software that performs one or more specific tasks.
• System AdministratorAn individual with the responsibility to manage and maintain a system.
• System Benefits ChargePool of resources typically created by levying a small fee or surcharge on customers' electricity rates...
• System Benefits ChargesA pool of resources typically created by levying a small fee or surcharge on customers' electricity rates...
• System Conceptualizationcaptures the essence of the real-world problem including the processes, cycles, and flows that characterize...
• System DevelopmentSystem Development supports all activities associated with the in-house design and development of software...
• System Flow DiagramA depiction of the inputs and outputs of a system and how they are connected.
• System MaintenanceSystem Maintenance supports all activities associated with the maintenance of in-house designed software...
• System MothballingThe intentional shutting down of a refrigeration appliance undertaken for an extended period of time by the...
• System of RegistriesThe System of Registries (SOR) is an umbrella of interrelated tools, services, data repositories, and system...
• System Receiver (Appliance)Isolated portion of the appliance, or a specific vessel within the appliance, that is used to hold the...
• System Removal Efficiency[1 - Emission Rate (mass/time) / Feedrate (mass/time)] X 100.
• System SecurityThe protection of computer hardware and software from accidental or malicious access, use, modification...
• System TypeA code value which classifies the type of public water system according to federal and state requirements...
• System VariableA measured or estimated quantity that describes an object or can be observed in a system and that is subject...
• System (water)A series of interconnected conveyance facilities owned and operated by a drinking water supplier; some...
• System with a Single Service Connection1. A system which supplies drinking water to consumers via a single service line.
• Systematic error1. The condition of a consistent deviation of the results of a measurement process from the reference or...
• Systematic Planning1. Systematic planning is a planning process that is based on the scientific method. It is a common-sense...
• systematic review1. A form of structure literature review that addresses a question that is formulated to be answered by...
• Systematic Sample1. A sample drawn by taking every nth case from a list, after starting with a randomly selected case among...
• Systematic Sampling1. Probability sampling method which uses a random starting point, but selects the samples at fixed intervals.
• System-Dependent Recovery EquipmentRefrigerant recovery equipment that requires the assistance of components contained in an appliance to remove...
• Systemic1. Relating to whole body, rather than its individual parts.
• Systemic Effects1. Toxic effects as a result of absorption and distribution of a toxicant to a site distant from its entry...
• Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeSystemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the...
• Systemic PesticideA chemical absorbed by an organism that interacts with the organism and makes the organism toxic to pests.
• Systemic ToxicityToxic effects as a result of absorption and distribution of a toxicant to a site distant from its entry point.
• Systems Biology1. Holistic approach to the study of biology with the objective of simultaneously monitoring all biological...
• Systems ToxicologyThe study of perturbation of organisms by chemicals and stressors, monitoring changes in molecular expression...
• Systems-Based ResearchResearch that studies entire systems across the boundaries of particular disciplines as needed

2,959 of 30,736 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.