Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: S (2,873)

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• Seed-borne fungusFungal pathogens that are transmitted primarily by seed
• Seed-borne microorganismA source of plant diseases where infections of seeds by microorganisms that are saprophytic, pathogenic, and...
• SeededGeneric term for introducing seed into the soil-air-water matrix, typically via a mechanized process that...
• SeedingThe establishment of vegetated cover on a disturbed site by applying plant seeds and as appropriate...
• SeedlingVery young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.
• Seedling diseasesPlant diseases which commonly attack seedlings.
• Seedling emergenceConsists of the stages of germination and pre-emergence seedling elongation.
• SeepArea on the ocean bottom where fluid slowly emerges. Cold seeps are usually at the continental margins...
• Seepage1. Percolation of water through the soil from unlined canals, ditches, laterals, watercourses, or water...
• Segment1. Segments are individual elements of the enterprise describing core mission areas, and common or shared...
• Segment architectureDetailed results-oriented architecture (baseline and target) and a transition strategy for a portion or...
• Segment architecture processMultiple-phase methodology to develop segment architecture work products. Each phase provides an increasing...
• Segment watershedWatershed area draining into one of the 92 Chesapeake Bay segments.
• Segregated early weaningRemoval of pigs from mother at 10-14 days of age in order to reduce transmission of disease from the mother...
• Segregated yard wasteVegetative matter resulting exclusively from the cutting of grass, the pruning and/or removal of bushes...
• Seiche1. Temporary displacement of water due to high winds or atmospheric pressure.
• Seismic impact zone1. Area that has a 10 percent or greater probability that the horizontal ground level acceleration of the...
• Seismic reflection1. A method of determining subsurface conditions by creating acoustic waves and measuring the travel time as...
• Seismic refraction1. A method of determining subsurface conditions by creating acoustic waves and measuring their travel times...
• Seismic sea wave1. A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with...
• Seismic waveA seismic wave is an elastic wave generated by an impulse such as an earthquake or an explosion. Seismic...
• Seize upSeize up occurs when an engine overheats and a part expands to the point where the engine will not run.
• Selected area electron diffractionA crystallographic laboratory technique, a specialized electron microscopy technique, which can be performed...
• SelectionNatural selection is the differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic...
• Selection bias1. Potential biases introduced into a study by the selection of different types of people into treatment and...
• Selection methodAn uneven-aged silvicultural system in which mature trees are removed, individually or in small groups, from...
• Selective catalytic reduction1. An emissions control technology that reduces NOx by injecting a controlled amount of a reductant (usually...
• Selective herbicideKills or significantly retards growth of an unwanted plant species without significantly damaging desired...
• Selective noncatalytic reductionNoncombustion control technology that destroys NOX by injecting a reducing agent (e.g., ammonia, urea, or...
• Selective pesticideA chemical designed to affect only certain types of pests, leaving other plants and animals unharmed.
• Selenium and selenium compoundsIncludes any unique chemical substance that contains selenium as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Selenium compounds (1.0)Includes any unique chemical substance that contains selenium as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Self assessmentAssessments of work conducted by individuals, groups, or organizations directly responsible for overseeing...
• Self defense sprayAerosol-based spray used for self-defense, including pepper spray and animal sprays, and containing the...
• Self inspectionOnsite review of the aircraft water system, including the water service panel, the filler neck of the...
• Self potentialA geophysical method measuring the natural, static voltage existing between sets of points on the ground...
• Self-AssemblyThe ability of objects to assemble themselves into an orderly structure. Routinely seen in living cells. This...
• Self-contained breathing apparatusAn atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is designed to be carried by the...
• Self-contained process controllerNatural gas-driven process controller that releases gas into the downstream piping and not to the atmosphere...
• Self-contained productProducts that generally have embedded software and are commonly designed in such a fashion that a user cannot...
• Self-contained recovery equipmentRefrigerant recovery or recycling equipment that is capable of removing the refrigerant from an appliance...
• Self-contained wet seal centrifugal compressor(1) A wet seal centrifugal compressor system that is a closed process that ports the degassing emissions into...
• Self-employed person1. Those persons who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the...
• Self-evaluationThe evaluation of a program by those conducting the program.
• Self-FertilizationThe fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete from the same individual plant.
• Self-InsuranceA form of risk financing through which an entity assumes all or a part of its own losses. Self insurers may...
• Self-insured retentionThreshold(s) on an annual basis that must be met before coverage will be applied.
• Self-Monitoring1. Sampling and analyses performed by a facility to determine compliance with a permit or other regulatory...
• Self-PollinationThe pollination of an individual or biotype with its own pollen, the offspring being termed selfs.
• Self-priming topcoatTopcoat that is applied directly to an uncoated aerospace vehicle or component for purposes of corrosion...
• Self-PropelledA term that is typically applied to farm machines with integral power units that are capable of moving about...
• Self-propelled vesselA vessel that has its own means of propulsion. Includes tankers, containerships, dry bulk cargo ships, and...
• Self-reported dataInformation that program participants generate themselves that is used to assess program processes or...
• Self-sealing valveValve affixed to a container of refrigerant that automatically seals when not dispensing refrigerant and...
• SellerEntity that provides credits during a trade.
• Semantic interoperabilityThe meaning associated with the information being exchanged
• Semi-aqueous cleaning solventSolution in which water is a primary ingredient (″ 60 percent of the solvent solution as applied must be...
• Semi-automated data acquisition systemSystem for gathering data that involves both human intervention and computers (for example, a person...
• Semichemical combustion unit1. Any equipment used to combust or pyrolyze black liquor at stand-alone semichemical pulp mills for the...
• Semi-chemical pulpingPulping process that combines both chemical and mechanical pulping processes. The semi-chemical pulping...
• Semi-closed submerged arc furnaceElectric submerged arc furnace equipped with a partially sealed cover over the furnace. This cover is...
• Semiconductor1. Any material that has a limited capacity for conducting an electric current. Certain semiconductors...
• Semiconductor manufacturingProcesses, beginning with the use of crystal wafers, which lead to or are associated with the manufacture of...
• Semi-confined aquifer1. An aquifer that is partially confined by a soil layer (or layers) of low permeability through which...
• Semi-crystalline polymerPolymeric substances where the amorphous and crystalline structures co-exist
• SEMICURRENT RECORDSRecords required so seldom to conduct agency business that they should be moved to a holding area or directly...
• Semi-diurnal tidal flowTidal ocean waters where the gravitational action of the sun and moon on Earth’s oceans create two high and...
• Seminal vesicle1. One of the two paired glands in the male genitourinary system, posterior to the bladder and superior to...
• Semi-permeable membrane deviceDevices consisting of a thin film of the lipid triolein sealed inside a lay-flat thin-walled tube of low...
• Semi-quantitativeYielding an approximation of the quantity or amount of a substance; falling short of a quantitative result.
• SemiquantitativeNumeric values which only approximate the true concentration of the analytes. Provides an order of magnitude...
• Semi-refined petroleum productAll oils requiring further processing. Included in this category are unfinished oils which are produced by...
• Semi-regenerative reformingCatalytic reforming process characterized by shutdown of the entire reforming unit (e.g., which may employ...
• Semi-suspension refuse-derived fuel-fired combustorCombustion unit that was converted from a wet refuse-derived fuel process to a dry refuse-derived fuel...
• Semitransparent coatingNot completely concealing the surface of a substrate or its natural texture or grain pattern.
• Semi-volatile organic compound1. SVOCs, composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms, have boiling points greater than 200°C. Common...
• Semivolatile organic compoundA general term for organic compounds that volatilize relatively slowly at standard temperature (20 o C) and...
• Semivolatile organic compounds, see Semivolatile organic compound
• Semi-volatilesSemi-volatiles are chemicals which have a tendency to volatilize or vaporize or evaporate at temperatures...
• Semi-wet air cleaning systemSteelmaking air cleaning systems that use water for the sole purpose of conditioning the temperature and...
• SendoutIn the context of a local distribution company, the total deliveries of natural gas to customers over a...
• SenescenceThe aging process. Sometimes used to describe lakes or other bodies of water in advanced stages of...
• Senior environmental employee programThis program is authorized by Congress to assist the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in protecting the...
• Senior information officerEPA organizations' Senior Information Officials (SIO) in Headquarters and Regional Offices constitute an...
• Senior level officialIndividuals who plan, direct and formulate policies, set strategy and provide the overall direction of...
• Senior managementThe Region 7 Senior Staff including the Regional Administrator, the Deputy Regional Administrator, division...
• Senior management officialAn official with management responsibility for the person or persons completing the report, or the manager of...
• Senior National Environmental Policy Act agency officialOfficial of assistant secretary rank or higher (or equivalent) that is designated for overall agency NEPA...
• Senior officialThe elected or appointed official who, by statute, is charged with implementing and administering laws...
• Senior optical gas imaging camera operatorCamera operator who has conducted OGI surveys for a minimum of 1400 survey hours over the entirety of his/her...
• Seniors' healthDiseases and health conditions specific to older individuals.
• Sense organSpecialized organs adapted for the reception of stimuli by the nervous system.
• Sensitive environmentAreas that may be identified by their legal designation or by evaluations of Area Committees (for planning)...
• Sensitive environment in the air migration pathwayA sensitive environment is defined as a wetland (as defined in 40 CFR 230.3) or any area that meets the...
• Sensitive environment in the surface water pathwayA sensitive environment is defined as a wetland (as defined in 40 CFR 230.3) or any area that meets the...
• Sensitive groupCategory of persons at increased risk of experiencing adverse health effects related to air pollution...
• Sensitive groupsA term used for a category of persons at increased risk of experiencing adverse health effects related to air...
• Sensitive life stageThe life stage (i.e., juvenile, adult, etc.) that exhibits the highest degree of sensitivity (i.e., effects...
• Sensitive receptorReceptor (e.g., child, adult, worker) expected to have highest level of risk or exposure.
• Sensitive receptor populationReceptor (e.g., child, adult, worker) expected to have highest level of risk or exposure.
• Sensitive recordsSome records require restricted access. When saving records in ECMS, you may assign one of following...
• Sensitive subgroupsIdentifiable subsets of the general population that, due to differential exposure or susceptibility, are at...
• Sensitive water informationInformation related to the nation's drinking water, including water vulnerability assessments.
• Sensitivity1. The degree to which the model outputs are affected by changes in a selected input parameters.
• Sensitivity analysis1. The computation of the effect of changes in input values or assumptions (including boundaries and model...
• Sensitivity analysis (model), see Sensitivity analysis
• Sensitivity surfaceA theoretical multi-dimensional "surface" that describes the response of a model to changes in its parameter...
• Sensitivity testsTests used to determine the most effective method of treatment of disease by testing the resistance of the...
• SensitizationAn allergic condition that usually affects the skin or lungs. Once exposure to a substance has caused a...
• Sensor1. An instrument that measure (senses) a physical condition or variable of interest. Floats and thermocouples...
• Sensory receptorA neurological structure specialized to respond to stimuli and changes in the internal or external...
• Sentinel exposureExposure from a single chemical substance that represents the plausible upper bound of exposure relative to...
• Sentinel surveillance1. Surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics)...
• Sentinel wellA groundwater monitoring well situated between a sensitive receptor downgradient and the source of a...
• SepalA leaf or segment of the calyx.
• Separate collectionCollecting recyclable materials which have been separated at the point of generation and keeping those...
• Separated food waste feedstockFeedstock stream consisting of food waste kept separate since generation from other waste materials, and...
• Separated municipal solid wasteMaterial remaining after separation actions have been taken to remove recyclable paper, cardboard, plastics...
• Separated renewable identification numberRIN with a K code of 2 that has been separated from a volume of renewable fuel or RNG pursuant to § 80.1429.
• Separated statusIndicates a person living apart from his/her spouse by legal arrangement.
• Separated yard waste feedstockFeedstock stream consisting of yard waste kept separate since generation from other waste materials.
• Separation flowback stagePeriod during a well completion operation when it is technically feasible for a separator to function. The...
• Separation managementSeparation Management conducts efficient and effective employee separation programs that assist employees in...
• SeparationsThe four screens corresponding to the percentages of cyan, magenta, yellow and black used to define colors...
• Separator1. Formerly a centrifuge device used to remove the fat from milk on the farm, but now used primarily at...
• Separator dump valveFor purposes of the fugitive emission standards in §§ 60.5397b and 60.5398b, a liquid-control valve in a...
• Septa fittingA special fitting used to seal vials (a liner for a threaded cap) or gas chromatographs (GCs) to provide...
• Septage1. The liquid and semisolid contents removed by pumping from a septic tank.
• Septic(SEP-tick) A condition produced by bacteria when all oxygen supplies are depleted. If severe, bottom deposits...
• Septic system1. An on-site system designed to treat and dispose of domestic sewage. A typical septic system consists of a...
• Septic systems, see Septic system
• Septic tank1. An underground tank to collect wastes from homes that are not connected to a municipal sewer system. Waste...
• Septic tank effluent gravity collection system1. Collection system that uses septic tanks to separate solids and allow gravity flow of effluent to a...
• Septic tank effluent pump collection system1. Collection system that uses a septic tank to separate solids and incorporates a pump and associated parts...
• SeptumA cross-wall in a hypha
• SequelaeAbnormal conditions that arise following the acute phase of a disease. For example, kidney failure may follow...
• SequenceContinuous string of monomer units within the molecule that are covalently bonded to one another and are...
• Sequence isomerismMay occur in polymers when the monomer adds to the growing polymeric chain.
• Sequencing batch reactor1. Series of components designed to treat wastewater in batches, one process at a time. Typically, it...
• Sequential energy use1. For a topping-cycle cogeneration unit, the use of reject heat from electricity production in a useful...
• Sequential extractionA chemical extraction process in which chemical species are removed from solution for analysis in a...
• Sequential sampleTwo or more PM samples for sequential (but not necessarily contiguous) time periods that are collected...
• SequesterTo undergo sequestration.
• Sequestered carbonCarbon which is not in the atmosphere, but in long-term storage in plants, oceans, soil, etc.
• Sequestering agentCompounds that bind to and reduce the biological availability of a chemical or pharmaceutical agent.
• Sequestration1. (SEE-kwes-TRAY-shun) A chemical completing (forming or joining together) of metallic cations (such as...
• Series controllerCharge controller that interrupts the charging current by open-circuiting the photovoltaic (PV) array. The...
• Series plug-in hybridUse only the electric motor to drive the wheels. The internal combustion engine is used to generate...
• Series-based reviewThe basis on which NARA appraises the potential research value of records by taking into account the value of...
• Serifa small cross stroke at the end of the main stroke of the letter. Times New Roman is an example of a serif...
• SerineA non-essential amino acid in humans (synthesized by the body), Serine is present and functionally important...
• Serious acute effect1. Human disease processes or other adverse effects that have short latency periods for development, result...
• Serious adverse effectAn adverse event is any undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient. The...
• Serious chronic effect1. Human disease processes or other adverse effects that have long latency periods for development, result...
• Serious injuryAny injury or illness that results in death or inpatient hospitalization.
• Seroepidemiology studyAn epidemiology study or activity based on serologic testing of characteristic change in the serum level of...
• Serotonin degradationBy induction of conjugation, transport, and/or oxidation, Serotonin Degradation consists of breakdown of a...
• Serotonin productionSerotonin Production consists of synthesis from L-Tryptophan of a secreted biochemical messenger and...
• Serotonin receptor bindingA process that involves the binding of serotonin to the serotonin receptor. These interactions are involved...
• SerpentineA name given to several members of a polymorphic group of magnesium silicate minerals--those having...
• Serratia infection(Infection with a member of) a genus of small motile peritrichous bacteria in the Enterobacteriacaea family...
• Serratia marcescensA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and...
• SertralineA selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.
• Serum1. The clear portion of the blood that remains after the removal of the blood cells and the clotting proteins.
• Serum alkaline phosphatase(Alkaline Phosphatase) is an enzyme normally present in certain cells within the liver, bone, kidney...
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminaseLiver enzymes which are routinely measured as part of liver function tests are aspartate aminotransferase...
• Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminaseLiver enzymes which are routinely measured as part of liver function tests -- alanine aminotransferase (ALT)...
• Serve by mailSubmit or serve by means other than personal service.
• Serve document1. To send or transmit a document, information, or correspondence to the person specified in accordance with...
• Server-side image mapAn image map is a graphic image defined so that a user can click on different areas of the image and be...
• Service1. Breeding, the deposition of boar semen into the female. Breeding may be by done naturally by a boar or...
• Service agentEntity designated by a TPC or AB to receive legal documents on their behalf.
• Service animalAny animal individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a...
• Service areaGeographic area within which impacts can be mitigated at a specific mitigation bank or an in-lieu fee...
• Service companyA company that assists well operators by providing specialty services, including hydraulic fracturing.
• Service connection1. As used in the definition of public water system, does not include a connection to a system that delivers...
• Service connectorThe pipe that carries tap water from a public water main to a building.
• Service for considerationBeing paid to perform service, whether it is in cash, credit, goods, or services. This includes all service...
• Service industriesThe Other Services (except Public Administration) sector comprises establishments engaged in providing...
• Service line sample1. A one-liter sample of water collected in accordance with CFR Section 14186(b)(6)of the code of Federal...
• Service pipe1. The pipeline extending from the water main to the building served or to the consumers system.
• Service ProviderA telecommunications provider that owns circuit switching equipment.
• Service recoveryService Recovery involves internal actions necessary to develop a plan for resuming operations after a...
• Service spillwaySpillway that is designed to provide continuous or frequent regulated or unregulated releases from a...
• Service territoryThe geographic area served by a water utility.
• Service workerJobs in this category include food service, cleaning service, personal service, and protective service...
• Service-disabled veteran-owned small business concernSmall business concern - (i) Not less than 51 percent of which is owned by one or more service-disabled...
• Service-oriented architectureA collection of standards-based web services that use a common messaging technology.
• Services, see Service
• Services acquisitionServices Acquisition involves the oversight and/or management of contractors and service providers from the...
• Serving sizesThe quantities of individual foods consumed per eating occasion. These estimates may be useful for assessing...
• SESOILA one-dimensional model for estimating pollutant distribution in an unsaturated soil column. SESOIL results...
• Sesquiterpenes"one and a half" terpenes, i.e. a C(15) terpenoid found in plants and insects.
• SessileAn organism that is immobile because it is attached to a hard surface, such as oysters, sea squirts and...
• Sessile organismOrganism that is immobile because it is attached to a hard surface, such as oysters, sea squirts and...
• Sessile organisms, see Sessile organism
• SetThe specific area that is the physical setting of an audiovisual production or of a scene within it.
• Set & certify vehicle fuel standardsActivities for the development, implementation, and evaluation of regulatory, market-based, and voluntary...
• Set pointThe position at which the control or controller is set. This is the same as the desired value of the process...
• Set pressure1. Pressure at which a properly operating pressure relief device begins to open to relieve atypical process...
• Set-BackSetting a thermometer to a lower temperature when the building is unoccupied to reduce consumption of heating...
• Setback1. Area between intensive development (i.e., structures) and a protected area (e.g., waterbody or wetland).
• SettingThe general area (or time) in which an audiovisual production is set (the Arctic, a schoolyard, the 1980s).
• Setting production casingSetting final casing in a well. It can be set from the bottom to the top. Sometimes a production liner is...
• Settleable solid1. Particulate material (both organic or inorganic) which will settle in one hour expressed in milliliters...
• Settleable solidsMaterial heavy enough to sink to the bottom of a wastewater treatment tank.
• Settlement1. Resolution of a claim. Settlement occurs when a federal or state agency has a written agreement with PRPs...
• Settlement (Generic), see Settlement
• Settling basin1. A basin designed to separate solid and fibrous material in the manure from the liquid portion.
• Settling chamberA series of screens placed in the way of flue gases to slow the stream of air, thus helping gravity to pull...
• Settling pond1. A manure pit where the flow rate of liquid manure is slowed to allow suspended materials to collect at the...
• Settling tank1. A holding area for wastewater, where heavier particles sink to the bottom for removal and disposal.
• Severe local stormA convective storm that usually covers a relatively small geographic area, or moves in a narrow path, and is...
• Severe soil disturbanceDescribes soils in which topsoil is removed and/or is not present; subsoils are compacted such that...
• Severe-duty applicationConcrete saws, concrete pumps, and any other application where an engine manufacturer can provide clear...
• Severe-duty engineEngine from an engine family in which the majority of engines are installed in severe-duty applications.
• Sewage1. The wastewater generated by people in homes and businesses.
• Sewage collection systemStructural system used to collect liquid and solid wastes, i.e. wastewater and excrement
• Sewage disposal unitAny stand-alone part of a sewage disposal system.
• Sewage fungusProliferations of bacteria and/or fungi that may form feathery, cotton-wool-like growths in streams and...
• Sewage sludge1. Sludge produced at a Publicly Owned Treatment Works, the disposal of which is regulated under the Clean...
• Sewage sludge disposal practiceCollection, storage, treatment, transportation, processing, monitoring, use, or disposal of sewage sludge.
• Sewage sludge feed rate1. Average daily amount of sewage sludge fired in all sewage sludge incinerators within the property line of...
• Sewage sludge generator1. Person who generates sewage sludge during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works
• Sewage sludge incineration unitIncineration unit combusting sewage sludge for the purpose of reducing the volume of the sewage sludge by...
• Sewage sludge incineratorEnclosed device in which only sewage sludge and auxiliary fuel are fired.
• Sewage sludge placementDisposal of sewage sludge on a surface disposal site.
• Sewage sludge residueA semi-solid residue from any of a number of air or water treatment processes. When treated and processed...
• Sewage sludge storagePlacement of sewage sludge on land on which the sewage sludge remains for two years or less. This does not...
• Sewage sludge treatmentPreparation of sewage sludge for final use or disposal. This includes, but is not limited to, thickening...
• Sewage sludge unitLand on which only sewage sludge is placed for final disposal. This does not include land on which sewage...
• Sewage sludge unit boundaryOutermost perimeter of an active sewage sludge unit.
• Sewage sludge useCollection, storage, treatment, transportation, processing, monitoring, use, or disposal of sewage sludge.
• Sewage sludge use or disposal standard1. Regulations promulgated pursuant to section 405(d) of the CWA which govern minimum requirements for sludge...
• Sewage treatment effluent wellClass V wells that are used by privately or publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to inject treated or...
• Sewage treatment effluent wells, see Sewage treatment effluent well
• Sewage treatment facilitiesThis industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatment...
• Sewage treatment plantsPlaces where wastewater is treated with chemicals and bacteria to produce clean water that can be returned to...
• Sewage treatment (primary)Mechanical treatment of sewage in which large solids are filtered out by screens and suspended solids settle...
• Sewage treatment worksMunicipal or domestic waste treatment facilities of any type which are publicly owned or regulated to the...
• Sewer1. A channel or conduit that carries wastewater and stormwater runoff from the source to a treatment plant or...
• Sewer flushingFlushing applied to combined sewer systems during dry-weather flow periods to remove settled material...
• Sewer line1. Lateral, trunk line, branch line, ditch, channel, or other conduit used to convey refinery wastewater to...
• Sewerage1. System of piping, with appurtenances, for collecting and conveying wastewaters from source to treatment...
• Sewerage systemThe network of sewers that carries sewage from point of origin to point of treatment.
• SexA social construction whereby a society or culture assigns certain tendencies or behaviors the labels of...
• Sex chromosome1. The chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism. Human females have two X chromosomes; males have...
• Sex piliFilamentous or elongated proteinaceous structures which extend from the cell surface in gram-negative...
• Sexual sporeSpores of opposite mating types
• Sexually compatible plantWhen referring to plants, means a viable zygote is formed only through the union of two gametes through...
• Sexually transmitted disordersDisorders acquired through sexual contact.
• SF6Sulfur hexafluoride.
• Shade intolerant plantDescribes plants that cannot grow and reproduce under low light conditions.
• Shade tolerant plantDescribes plants that can grow and reproduce under low light conditions.
• Shade treeA tall tree which provides shade at ground level due to its large canopy.
• Shading coefficientThe amount of the sun's heat transmitted through a given window compared with that of a standard 1/8-...
• Shadow priceThe value used in economic analysis for a cost or a benefit in a project when the market price is felt to be...
• Shadow price of capitalAccounts for the social value of displacing private capital investments. For example, when a public project...
• ShaftExcavation of limited area compared with its depth, made for finding or mining ore or coal, raising ore, rock...
• Shaft coal mineA mine that reaches the coal bed by means of a vertical shaft.
• Shaft furnaceThis furnace has an uprightl cylinder lined with refractory material. Hot gases go up through the solids in...
• Shale1. A fine-grained sedimentary rock composed mostly of consolidated clay or mud. Shale is the most frequently...
• Shale base lineA line drawn through the SP log deflections that represent shale; a similar technique can be used on gamma...
• Shale gas1. Shale gas refers to natural gas that can be generated and trapped within shale units.
• Shale oil1. Slow-flowing, dark brown, heavy oil obtained when kerogen in oil shale is vaporized at high temperatures...
• Shale shakerVibrating sieve in a drilling rig which removes drilled solids.
• Shallow atmospheric convectionThermally driven turbulent mixing where vertical lifting is capped below 500 hPa. Generally requires low...
• Shallow coastal floodingThe inundation of land areas along the coast caused by higher than average high tide and worsened by heavy...
• Shallow convectionThermally driven turbulent mixing where vertical mixing is capped below 500 hPa. Generally requires low level...
• Shallow coral carbonate moundTopographic seafloor structures that are the result of previous periods of coral growth, often with...
• Shallow coral reefLight-dependent coral reefs that occur within the photic zone (the mesophotic reefs occur in the lower part...
• Shallow cumulus convectionMoist atmospheric convection. Vertical transport of heat, moisture and momentum in a shallow cumulus cloud...
• Shallow draft vesselBarges, ships, or ferries operating primarily on rivers and canals; in harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint...
• Shallow drillingThose drilling events in the Delaware Basin that do not reach a depth of 2,150 feet below the surface...
• Shallow waterWater of such depth that surface waves are noticeably affected by bottom topography. Typically this implies a...
• Shallow-cycle batteryA battery with small plates that cannot withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge.
• Shallow/Mesophotic Coral Carbonate MoundTopographic seafloor structures that are the result of previous periods of coral growth, often with...
• Shallow/Mesophotic Coral ReefLight-dependent coral reefs that occur within the photic zone (the mesophotic reefs occur in the lower part...
• Sham recyclingIllegitimate activities executed under the guise of recycling in order to be exempt from or subject to lesser...
• Shape dryerThermal process unit that operates at a peak temperature typically between 40° and 700 °C (100° and 1300 °F)...
• Shape parameterThe exponent on dose in a dose-response function that dictates the curvature of the function.
• Shape preheaterThermal process unit that operates at a peak temperature typically between 180° and 320 °C (350° and 600 °F)...
• ShapefileFile that stores non-topological geometry and attribute information for the spatial features in a dataset...
• SHAREWhen referring to the awarding agency's portion of real property, equipment or supplies, share means the same...
• Shared atmospheric pressure meterAtmospheric pressure meter whose output is used as the atmospheric pressure for an entire test facility that...
• Shared schema componentsGrouping of related data elements and data blocks that are used as building blocks for XML schema. Shared...
• Shared serviceA shared service, as defined by the Shared Services Integrated Project Team in 2016, is a service that is...
• Shared services catalogCatalog or portfolio of services or APIs from the Agency or available to the Agency.
• Shared services resource catalogThe SSRC is a catalog of EPA, state, tribal and territory services, which includes a registry related XML...
• SharewareShareware is software that is distributed free on a trial basis with the understanding that the user may need...
• Sharps1. Hypodermic needles, syringes (with or without the attached needle), Pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades...
• Shaving creamAerosol product that dispenses a foam lather intended to be used with a blade or cartridge razor, or other...
• Shear modulusThe stress-strain ratio for simple shear in isotropic materials which obey Hooke's law.
• Shear strengthThe internal resistance of a body to shear stress, which typically includes frictional and cohesive...
• Shear waveAn acoustic wave with direction of propagation at right angles to the direction of particle vibration (S...
• Shearing1. Cutting materials into desired shape and size
• ShedStructure for capturing coke oven emissions on the coke side or pusher side of the coke oven battery, which...
• SheenIridescent appearance on the surface of water
• Sheep diseasesDiseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.
• Sheep poxViral disease of sheep caused by a strain of the capriopoxvirus and characterised by fever, generalised...
• Sheep scabDisease of the skin caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis.
• Sheet erosion1. Also Sheetwash. Erosion of the ground surface by unconcentrated (i.e. not in rills) overland flow.
• Sheet feda printing press which prints single sheets of paper, not reels.
• Sheet gasketGaskets cut from sheeting, including asbestos-containing rubberized sheeting, that are used in facilities for...
• SheetcoatingCan manufacturing coating process that involves coating of flat metal sheets before they are formed into cans.
• SheetflowTerm used to describe the movement of water laterally across the surface of the ground, rather than flowing...
• SheetwashErosion of the ground surface by unconcentrated (i.e. not in rills) overland flow. Also sheet erosion.
• Sheetwash erosionThe movement of sediment by unchanneled, overland flow of water.
• Shelf basinBasins occurring on the continental shelf formed by offshore faulting activity.
• Shelf breakThe slope discontinuity (rapid change in gradient) of 3° or greater that occurs at the outer edge of the...
• Shelf valleyA valley crossing the continental shelf, often forming an extension of an existing terrestrial river and...
• Shelf waveA wind-induced wave guided by continental shelf topography.
• Shelf-break frontFrontal formations where cross-shelf waters encounter slope waters from the deeper oceans, often associated...
• Shell glandThe specialized glandular part of the oviduct that forms the egg's shell.
• ShellacClear or pigmented coating formulated with natural resins (except nitrocellulose resins) soluble in alcohol...
• Shellac sealerClear or pigmented coating formulated solely with the resinous secretion of the lac beetle (Laccifer lacca)...
• Shellfish1. An animal such as a mollusk (clams, oysters, and snails) or crustacean (crabs and shrimp) that have a...
• Shellfish bed habitatShallow and deep-water habitats with substrates consisting of mollusk shells.
• Shellfish Bed/Oyster Reef HabitatShallow and deep-water habitats with substrates consisting of mollusk shells.
• Shellfish diseasesIllnesses and conditions limited to aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum Mollusca or the subphylum...
• Shellfish, fish, and wildlife impactAny biological population or community that might be adversely affected by the applicant's modified discharge.
• Shellfish poisoningShellfish poisoning is caused by a group of toxins elaborated by planktonic algae (dinoflagellates1, in most...
• Shelter in placeOne of many possible protective actions members of the public may receive from state, federal or local...
• ShelterbeltBarrier lines of trees and/or shrubs planted to protect a land area, generally from the prevailing winds
• Sheltering in place1. Occurs when people are warned to remain indoors and to make a shelter out of the place where they are...
• Shelterwood methodRemoval of the mature timber in a series of cuttings that extend over a relatively short portion of the...
• Shewhart control chartA graphical chart with statistical control limits and plotted values (for some applications in chronological...
• Shift supervisor1. Person in direct charge and control of the operation of an MWC and who is responsible for on-site...
• Shigella spp.Shigella are Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming rod-shaped bacteria. The illness caused by Shigella...
• ShigellosisShigellosis, or bacillary dysentery, is an intestinal infection caused by Shigella, a genus of...
• Shikimic acid pathwayThe biochemical sequence employed by plants and microorganisms to generate the aromatic amino acids...
• ShipAny marine or fresh-water vessel used for military or commercial operations, including self-propelled...
• Ship berthTo moor a ship in its allotted place at a wharf or dock.
• Shipbuilding and ship repair operationAny building, repair, repainting, converting, or alteration of ships.
• ShipmentAct or process of shipping goods by any form of conveyance.
• Shipping lossDischarges resulting from loading tank cars or tank trucks; discharges resulting from cleaning tank cars or...
• Shipping quality control limitQuality control limit that is developed in conjunction with an EPA TSCA Title VI TPC that is based on panels...
• Shoal1. A relatively shallow place in a stream, lake, sea, or other body of water; a submerged ridge, bank, or bar...
• Shoals, see Shoal
• ShoatA young pig, just after weaning.
• Shock loadThe arrival at a water treatment plant of raw water containing unusual amounts of algae, colloidal matter...
• ShootNew plant growth found growing upward through the soil after seeds germinate, including roots, leaves and...
• Shoot meristemA group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and produce of new growth at the growing tip...
• Shoot primordiaEarliest stage of development of a plant shoot.
• Shop1. Building which houses one or more EAF's.
• Shop applicationThat a coating is applied to a product or a component of a product in a factory, shop, or other structure as...
• Shop drawingsDrawings submitted by the construction contractor or a subcontractor at any tier or required under a...
• Shop opacity1. Arithmetic average of 24 or more opacity observations of emissions from the shop taken in accordance with...
• Shore1. The narrow strip of land immediately bordering any body of water, especially a sea or large lake; the zone...
• Shore complexGenerally a narrow, elongate area that parallels a coastline - commonly cutting across diverse inland...
• Shore protection1. A range of activities that focus on protecting land from inundation, erosion, or storm-induced flooding...
• Shore Protection ActTo amend the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 to provide for termination of ocean...
• ShorebirdBirds that feed at the edge of shallow water, along mudflats, and in shallow wetlands. Typically, these birds...
• Shoreface1. The narrow relatively steep surface that extends seaward from the beach, often to a depth of 30 to 60...
• Shoreline1. The intersection of a specified plane of water with the shore or beach; on National Ocean Service nautical...
• Shoreline armoring1. A method of shore protection that prevents shore erosion through the use of hardened structures such as...
• Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration ActAuthorizing the construction, repair and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors for...
• Shoreline Erosion Protection ActAuthorizing the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors for...
• Shoreline fanA prograding shoreline formed where an alluvial fan is built out into a lake or sea.
• Short circuiting1. As it applies to soil gas surveys, the entry of ambient air into the extraction well without first passing...
• Short coke oven batteryCoke oven battery with ovens less than 6 meters (20 feet) in height.
• Short term exposureRepeated exposure by the oral, dermal, or inhalation route for more than 24 hours, up to 30 days.
• Short term reference concentrationAn estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a continuous inhalation exposure for...
• Short term reference doseAn estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure for a...
• Short ton1. Common measurement for a ton in the United States. A short ton is equal to 2,000 lbs or 0.907 metric tons...
• Short-circuit currentCurrent flowing freely through an external circuit that has no load or resistance; the maximum current...
• Short-distance migrationA pattern of latitudinal migration used by species that move within, rather than between, temperate or...
• ShortfallDifference between the amount of emissions reductions credited in an implementation plan for a particular EIP...
• Short-normal logOne of a group of normal-resistivity logs usually with AM spacing of 16 in. or less.
• Short-term ControlsShort-term controls are put into place at a facility to prevent human exposures and to prevent further...
• Short-Term Exposure Limit1. An airborne concentration of a substance to which workers are permitted to be exposed for a short...
• Short-term manual stack samplingSituation where the field sampler inserts the sampling probe into a stack, according to one of the EPA...
• Short-term platingElectroplating process that uses or emits any of the plating and polishing metal HAP, as defined in this...
• Short-term protectiveA protectiveness determination of "short-term protective" typically is used when the FYR report provides...
• Shot castingProduction of shot by pouring molten metal in finely divided streams to form spherical particles.
• Shot tower lead shot manufacturingDropping molten lead from a platform on the top of a tower through a sieve-like device and into a vat of cold...
• Shotgun sequencing1. Sequencing method that involves randomly sequenced cloned pieces of the genome, with no foreknowledge of...
• ShoulderThe region of the body between the neck and the upper arm.
• ShovelBucket-equipped machine used for digging and loading earthy or fragmented rock materials. There are two types...
• Shower dividerWater-proof barrier used to provide privacy in public shower facilities.
• Shower partitionWater-proof barrier used to provide privacy in public shower facilities.
• Shredded motor vehicle scrapPost-consumer scrap from discarded automotive vehicles that has been processed through a shredder.
• ShrubA plant that has persistent, woody stems and a relatively low-growth habit, and that generally produces...
• Shrub swamp non mangrove habitatWetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 feet) tall; vegetation includes true shrubs, young...
• Shrub wetlandWetland type that includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 feet) tall. The species...
• ShrublandAreas dominated by woody perennial plants with persistent woody stems less than 3 meters tall and typically...
• Shunt controllerCharge controller that redirects or shunts the charging current away from the battery. The controller...
• Shutdown1. Purposes including, but not limited to, periodic maintenance, replacement of equipment, or repair, the...
• Shutdown after September 16, 2020Cessation of operation of the add-on control devices.
• Shut-off deviceA valve coupled with a control device which closes the valve when a set pressure or flow value is exceeded...
• Shuttle kilnBatch firing kiln that is designed with a removable superstructure that is tilted or raised using hydraulic...
• SIC codeStandard industrial classification (SIC) codes describe the primary activity of a facility. The two-digit...
• Sick building syndrome1. Building whose occupants experience acute health and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to time...
• Side seam stripeCoating applied to the interior and/or exterior of the welded or soldered seam of a three-piece can body to...
• Side valve engine1. Otto-cycle, four stroke engine in which the intake and exhaust valves are located to the side of the...
• SidedressWhen a readily available form of nitrogen, normally urea, is injected beside the growing row of plants...
• SideslopeThe slope of a lagoon embankment, often expressed as the ratio of the horizontal displacement and vertical...
• Sidewall cementing operationSystem used to apply cement to a continuous strip of sidewall component or any other continuous strip...
• SidewellOpen well adjacent to the hearth of a furnace with connecting arches between the hearth and the open well...
• Side-worked prebake processMethod of primary aluminum reduction using the prebake process, in which the alumina is added along the sides...
• SidingExterior wall covering material made of wood, plastic (including vinyl), or metal. Siding is generally...
• SievertThe special name for the SI unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and operational dose quantities. The SI...
• Sigma g1. Geometric standard deviation. (See Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter.)
• Sign paintCoating formulated and recommended for hand-application by artists using brush or roller techniques to indoor...
• SignageUsed for identification and directional purposes for public roads and highways, and inside and outside office...
• SignalThe volume or product-level change produced by a leak in a tank.
• Signal inductionSignal induction is the intercellular or intracellular transfer of information (biological...
• Signal repressionRepression of any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether...
• Signal transduction1. A cellular process that involves a chemical or mechanical stimulus and results in a specific cellular...
• Signal transduction inductionSignal Transduction Induction involves the initiation of activity in cellular processes by which a cell...
• Signal transduction inhibitionAny feature of a cellular signaling process which negatively regulates the further transduction of cell...
• Signal transduction measurementThe process by which a cell responds to substances in its environment. The binding of a substance to a...
• Signal transduction pathwayThe course by which a signal from outside a cell is converted to a functional change within the cell.
• Signal wordsThe words used on a pesticide label--Danger, Warning, Caution--to indicate level of toxicity.
• Signaling moleculeMolecules, of an unidentified chemical nature, that participate in signal transduction processes in the cell.
• Signaling pathway1. An elaboration of the known or inferred interactions involved in a signal transduction pathway.
• Signal-to-noise ratio1. The height of the signal as measured from the mean (average) of the noise to the peak maximum divided by...
• SignatureA printed sheet with multiple pages on it that is folded so that the pages are in their proper numbered...
• Significance level1. The probability of rejecting a set of assumptions when they are in fact true.
• Significance testingEvaluation of a null hypothesis that there is no relationship between two variables or no difference between...
• Significant adverse effectAdverse effects that an agency has identified as significant based on the criteria in § 1501.3(d) of this...
• Significant adverse environmental effectInjury to the environment by a chemical substance which reduces or adversely affects the productivity...
• Significant adverse reactionReactions that may indicate a substantial impairment of normal activities, or long-lasting or irreversible...
• Significant biological treatmentUse of an aerobic or anaerobic biological treatment process in a treatment works to consistently achieve a...
• Significant deteriorationPollution resulting from a new source in previously "clean" areas.
• Significant discharge facilityA municipal or industrial wastewater facility defined as such by the jurisdiction in which it is permitted...
• Significant economic lossCompared to the situation without the pest emergency and despite the best efforts of the affected persons...
• Significant environmental aspectAn environmental aspect that an organization determines has, or has the potential to have, a significant...
• Significant environmental effectAny irreversible damage to biological, commercial, or agricultural resources of importance to society; (ii)...
• Significant equipment modificationAddition of new equipment or the modification of existing equipment that:(1) Significantly affects solvent...
• Significant industrial user1. An indirect discharger that is the focus of control efforts under the national pretreatment program...
• Significant modificationThe addition of new equipment or the modification of existing equipment that:(1) Significantly affects...
• Significant municipal facilitiesThose publicly owned sewage treatment plants that discharge a million gallons per day or more and are...
• Significant new useUse of a new or existing substitute in a major industrial use sector as a result of the phaseout of...
• Significant new use noticeAny notice submitted to EPA pursuant to section 5(a)(1)(B) of the Act in accordance with part 721 of this...
• Significant nexus1. That a water, including wetlands, either alone or in combination with other similarly situated waters in...
• Significant potential source of contaminationA facility or activity that stores, uses, or produces compounds with potential for significant contaminating...
• Significant public health hazardAny level of contaminant which causes or may cause the aquifer to exceed any maximum contaminant level set...
• Significant site preparation workProcess of surveying, clearing or preparing an area of the water body floor for the purpose of constructing...
• Significant violationViolation that EPA or another regulatory agency has defined as a severe violation.
• Significant violations, see Significant violation
• Significant visibility impairmentFor purposes of § 51.303, visibility impairment which, in the judgment of the Administrator, interferes with...
• Significant water quality loweringA significant lowering of water quality occurs when there is a new or increased loading of any BCC from any...
• Significant wave heightthe average height of the highest one-third of waves in a given area.
• Significantly damaged friable miscellaneous ACMDamaged friable miscellaneous ACM where the damage is extensive and severe.
• Significantly damaged friable miscellaneous asbestos-containing material (ACM)Means damaged friable miscellaneous ACM where the damage is extensive and severe.
• Significantly damaged friable surfacing ACMDamaged friable surfacing ACM in a functional space where the damage is extensive and severe.
• Significantly damaged friable surfacing asbestos-containing material (ACM)Means damaged friable surfacing ACM in a functional space where the damage is extensive and severe.
• Significantly more stringent limitationBOD5 and SS limitations necessary to meet the percent removal requirements of at least 5 mg/l more stringent...
• SilageA feed prepared by chopping green forage (e.g. grass, legumes, field corn) and placing the material in a...
• Silage bagsLarge plastic tubes in which forages are fermented. Plastic is removed and discarded as the ensiled feed is...
• Sildenafil citrateThe citrate salt of a pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative structurally related to zaprinast. Sildenafil...
• Silica fumeWaste byproduct of alloyed metal production.
• SilicatesRefers to the chemical unit silicon tetroxide, SiO4, the fundamental building block of silicate minerals...
• Siliciclastic rockRocks such as shale and sandstone which are formed by the compaction and cementation of quartz-rich mineral...
• SilicomanganeseAlloy as defined by ASTM Designation A483-64 or 74 (Reapproved 1988) (incorporated by reference - see §...
• Silicomanganese zirconiumAlloy containing 60 to 65 percent by weight silicon, 1.5 to 2.5 percent by weight calcium, 5 to 7 percent by...
• Silicon carbideArtificial abrasive produced from silica sand or quartz and petroleum coke.
• Silicon metalAny silicon alloy containing more than 96 percent silicon by weight.
• Silicone insulation materialInsulating material applied to exterior metal surfaces for protection from high temperatures caused by...
• Silk glandBody organ for producing silk by spiders and some insects.
• SilkingIt is considered the first reproductive stage
• Silo1. A storage facility for silage. Usually referring to upright concrete or fiberglass silos.
• SiloxanesSilicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.
• Silt1. Finely divided particles of soil or rock. Often carried in cloudy suspension in water and eventually...
• Silt bankSurface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal.
• Silt Curtain/Fencesilt curtain, also called a turbidity curtain, consists of a heavy synthetic fabric suspended in a water body...
• Silt fence1. Temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby surface...
• Siltation1. The process by which sediment is suspended and deposited in a body of water. Also referred to as...
• Silver and silver compoundsIncludes any unique chemical substance that contains silver as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Silver compounds (1.0)Includes any unique chemical substance that contains silver as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Silver gelatin filmIn microform records, archival-quality film containing images produced by using light-sensitive silver halide...
• Silvery ironAny ferrosilicon, as defined by ASTM Designation A100-69, 74, or 93 (incorporated by reference - see §...
• Silvicultural activityThose activities associated with regeneration, growing, and harvesting of trees and timber including, but not...
• Silvicultural burningBurning of vegetative debris from a forestry or silvicultural activity that is necessary for disease or pest...
• Silvicultural point sourceDefined at § 122.27.
• Silvicultural systemA process, following accepted silvicultural principles, whereby the tree species constituting forests are...
• Silviculture1. Management of forest land for timber.
• Silviculture site preparationA silvicultural activity to removed unwanted vegetation and other material, and to cultivate or prepare the...
• Silvopasture1. Agroforestry application establishing a combination of trees or shrubs and compatible forages on the same...
• Similar animal speciesTwo or more species belonging to the same general taxonomic groups: The general taxonomic groups for purposes...
• Similar emission control systemEngine, fuel metering and emission control system combinations which use the same fuel (e.g., gasoline...
• Similar in all material respects processConstruction materials, exhaust and inlet air system, and other design features are within the allowed...
• Similar pesticide productPesticide product which, when compared to a federally registered product, has a similar composition and a...
• Similar pesticide product compositionPesticide product which contains only the same active ingredient(s), or combinations of active ingredients...
• Similar pesticide use patternUse of a pesticide product which, when compared to a federally registered use of a product with a similar...
• Similar plant speciesTwo or more species belonging to the same general taxonomic groups: The general taxonomic groups for purposes...
• Similar process recipeWith respect to recipes, means those recipes that are composed of the same set of chemicals and have the same...
• Similar process unitAll existing DCE and NDCE recovery furnaces, smelt dissolving tanks, or lime kilns at a kraft or soda pulp...
• Similar samplesSamples from the same environmental medium that are identical or similar in every way except the degree to...
• Similar sourceA stationary source or process that has comparable emissions and is structurally similar in design and...
• Simple combustion turbineUnit that is a rotary engine driven by a gas under pressure that is created by the combustion of any fuel...
• Simple cycle combustion turbineAny stationary combustion turbine which does not recover heat from the combustion turbine engine exhaust...
• Simple cycle gas turbineAny stationary gas turbine which does not recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust gases to preheat the...
• Simple fabric manufacturing operationAll the following unit processes: Desizing, fiber preparation and dyeing.
• Simple linear regressionLinear regression is an approach for quantifying the relationship between a dependent (response) variable and...
• Simple object access protocol1. A protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of Web services.
• Simple queryThe search method geared towards users who are unfamiliar with the legacy STORET system and require...
• Simple random sampleA method for drawing a sample from a population such that all samples of a given size have equal probability...
• Simple random sampling1. A method for drawing a sample from a population such that all samples of a given size have equal...

2,873 of 29,894 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.