Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: S (2,959)

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SimulateTo reproduce the action of some process, usually on a smaller scale.
Simulation1. The use of mathematical models to approximate the observed behavior of a natural water system in response...
Simulation ExtrapolationMethod for correcting measurement error which estimates a population mean with incomplete data obtained with...
Simulation Model1. Mathematical representation of the entities and processes in a system.
Simulation ModelsRepresent the development of a solution by incremental steps through the model domain. Simulations are often...
Simulation PeriodA period used to run the model scenario simulation, selected to ensure that the simulated rainfall...
Simultaneous Loading1. For a shared control device, loading of regulated materials from more than one transfer arm at the same...
Single Blind1. A sample submitted to evaluate performance with concentration and identity unknown to the analyst...
Single Cell ThunderstormOften called “popcorn” convection, single-cell thunderstorms are small, brief, weak storms that grow and die...
Single Family Structure1. A building constructed as a single-family residence that is currently used as either a residence or a...
Single GenomeSum total of chromosomal and extrachromosomal genetic material of an isolate and any descendants derived...
Single Hydrologic UnitThe combination of geologic materials and aquifers that are determined to be within the same aquifer...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism1. A change in which a single base in the DNA differs from the usual base at that position.
Single PersonThe unmarried man or woman.
Single Release ResponseAll of the concerted activities conducted in response to a single episode, incident, or threat causing or...
Single Service Connection Water SystemSystem which supplies drinking water to consumers via a single single service line.
Single Stand Work Roll MillRecirculation or direct application cold rolling mills which include only one stand of work rolls.
Single Strand Break RepairSingle Strand Break Repair mechanisms repair breaks that occur on one DNA strand.
Single VaneMost often located in meander bends just downstream of the point where the stream flow intercepts the bank at...
Single Wellhead Only Well SiteWellhead only well site that contains only one wellhead and no major production and processing equipment. [40...
Single Well-Pad Associated Hydrocarbon StreamAssociated with the hydrocarbon stream as produced from one or more wells located on that single well-pad...
Single-AttributeType of environmental claim that captures one aspect or quality of a product's performance.
Single-Breath CanisterSmall one-liter canister designed to capture a single breath. Used in air pollutant ingestion research.
Single-Family Residential ProjectProject in which housing units are designed and maintained for occupancy by only one family. This includes...
single-passA wastewater flow configuration wherein effluent moves through a treatment component only once.
Single-Pass CoolingDuring this process, water is circulated once through a piece of equipment and then disposed down the drain...
Single-Phase Aerosol Air FreshenerAerosol air freshener with liquid contents in a single homogeneous phase that does not require that the...
Single-Ply RoofSingle-ply roofing is a flexible or semi-flexible pre-manufactured membrane typically made of rubber or...
Single-point resistance log1. A single electrode device used to make measurements of resistance that cannot be used quantitatively.
Single-Pollutant TradingTrading a single pollutant parameter or different forms of the same pollutant parameter when equivalent mass...
single-rod DP systemA DP rod system that uses a single sequence of rods to advance the sampling tool or sensor.
Single-Seal System1. Floating roof having one continuous seal. This seal may be vapor-mounted, liquid-mounted, or a metallic...
Single-Stage PumpA pump that has only one impeller. A multi-stage pump has more than one impeller.
Single-Stage TopcoatTopcoat consisting of only one coating.
Single-Unit Heavy-Duty VehicleSelf-propelled motor vehicle with a GVWR greater than 8,500 pounds (3,900 kilograms) built on one chassis...
Sink1. Place in the environment where a compound or material collects.
Sink Habitata habitat in which reproduction is insufficient to balance local mortality. The population can persist in the...
Sinkhole1. A surface depression caused by a collapse of soil or overlying formation above fractured or cavernous...
SinkingControlling oil spills by using an agent to trap the oil and sink it to the bottom of the body of water where...
Sinking AgentThose additives applied to oil discharges to sink floating pollutants below the water surface.
Sinter BedLead sulfide ore concentrate charge within a sintering machine.
Sinter MachineAny device in which a lead sulfide ore concentrate charge is heated in the presence of air to eliminate...
Sinter Machine AreaAny area of a primary lead processor where a sinter machine, or sinter crushing and sizing equipment is...
Sinter Machine Discharge EndPhysical opening at the end of a sinter machine where the sinter exits the sinter machine.
Sinter ProcessProcess that produces a fused aggregate of fine iron-bearing materials suited for use in a blast furnace. The...
SinteringProcess for agglomerating iron-bearing materials into small pellets (sinter) that can be charged to a blast...
Sintering Machine1. Any furnace in which calcines are heated in the presence of air to agglomerate the calcines into a hard...
Sintering Machine Discharge EndAny apparatus which receives sinter as it is discharged from the conveying grate of a sintering machine.
Sinuosity1. A measure of the number of turns or curves in a stream expressed as the stream length (wavelength) divided...
SIP CallEPA action requiring a state to resubmit all or part of its State Implementation Plan to demonstrate...
SireFather or male parent in a pedigree.
Sister Chromatid ExchangeReciprocal interchange of the two chromatid arms within a single chromosome. This exchange is visualized...
Sister Chromatid Exchange ProcessAny homology-dependent DNA strand exchange that occurs between sister chromatids in mitotic cells. This...
Site1. An area or place within the jurisdiction of the EPA and/or a state.
Site & Area Evaluation & CleanupActivities to evaluate, plan for, perform removals, and clean up formally designated sites or areas that...
Site AccessAfter an administrative order is issued, a temporary restraining order is issued to tell a responsible party...
Site Access OrderAfter an administrative order is issued, a temporary restraining order is issued to tell a responsible party...
Site AssessedThe site has been evaluated to determine if there may have been past or ongoing releases of hazardous waste...
site assessment1. A means of evaluating hazardous waste sites through preliminary assessments and site inspections to...
Site Assessment ProgramA means of evaluating hazardous waste sites through preliminary assessments and site inspections to develop a...
Site Characterization1. Before cleanup decisions can be made, some level of characterization is necessary to ascertain the nature...
Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer SystemAlso referred to as "SCAPS," it is an in situ sensor that uses laser-induced fluorescence to determine the...
Site closureThe point/time, as determined by the Director, at which the owner or operator of a well site has completed...
Site DecontaminationRemoval of harmful substances such as noxious chemicals, harmful bacteria or other organisms, or radioactive...
site fingerprinting1. Site clearing and development using minimal disturbance of existing vegetation and soils.
Site Identified for CleanupThe site has been identified for cleanup after being investigated to determine the nature and extent of...
Site Inspection1. The collection of information from a Superfund site to determine the extent and severity of hazards posed...
Site LeaseAs used in part 73, subpart E of this chapter, means a legally-binding agreement signed between a new IPP or...
Site ManagerDepending on the issue at hand, the site manager may be any one of the following: the building facility...
Site mediaWater, sediment, fish tissue, or other materials collected from an impaired site or reference sites for...
Site preparationA silvicultural activity to removed unwanted vegetation and other material, and to cultivate or prepare the...
Site ReassessmentEvaluation of the status of site assessment activities or the reassessment of a previous decision that may...
Site Rehabilitation1. The action of performing ecological restoration that strives to alter the biota and physical conditions at...
Site ReoccupationUsing a site and its buildings that were formerly shut down or abandoned.
Site RevitalizationRepair and reuse of a building and building site previously shut down or abandoned.
Site Safety PlanA crucial element in all removal actions, it includes information on equipment being used, precautions to be...
Site Security and MaintenanceActivities necessary in ensuring and maintaining site security.
Site StudyA number of studies are undertaken at a site to determine site conditions, the nature and extent of...
Site tableUsed in NIF 3.0 for 2002 and 2005 NEI submittals.
Site UnarchivedA decision is made that the site should no longer be archived because further activity may be necessary at...
Site-Limited Chemical Substance1. Chemical substance is manufactured and processed only within a site and is not distributed for commercial...
Site-Limited IntermediateIntermediate manufactured, processed, and used only within a site and not distributed in commerce other than...
Site-Specific Advisory BoardSite-Specific Advisory Boards (SSABs) foster teamwork by bringing community members together with DOD, DOE...
Site-Wide Ready for Anticipated Use1. Indicates a final and deleted construction complete National Priorities List (NPL) site where, for the...
SitingThe process of choosing a location for a facility.
SkeletonThe bony frame as a whole.
Skeleton Eroding Band DiseaseA coral disease that appears similar to black-band disease but is caused by the folliculinid ciliate...
SkewnessThe measure of asymmetry of a distribution. Coefficients of skewness are zero for symmetric distributions...
SkidShort-distance moving of logs or felled trees from the stump to a point of loading.
Skid trail1. A temporary, nonstructural pathway over forest soil used to drag felled trees or logs to the landing. Skid...
SkimmerThis device, machine, or ship is used to collect the floating oil from the water surface.
Skimming1. Using a machine to remove oil or scum from the surface of the water.
Skimming StationFacility where slag is mechanically raked from the top of the bath of molten iron.
SkinThe outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the dermis and the...
Skin AbsorptionUptake of substances through the skin.
Skin depthThe effective depth of penetration in a conducting medium of electromagnetic energy (when displacement...
Skin DisordersAny deviation from the normal structure or function of the skin or subcutaneous tissue that is manifested by...
Skin IrritationSome ready-to-use cleaning products may contain chemicals that will cause redness or swelling of skin.
Skin Lightening PreparationSubstances used to obtain a lighter skin complexion or to treat hyperpigmentation disorders.
Skin Physiological ProcessBiological activities and functions of the skin.
Skin-Applied Insect RepellentProduct intended to disrupt the host-seeking behavior of insects or other arthropods, driving or keeping them...
Skull1. The bones that form the head, made up of the bones of the braincase and face.
SlabThe concrete "floor" poured over the ground between the foundation walls, either at ground floor or basement...
Slabstock Flexible Polyurethane FoamFlexible polyurethane foam that is produced in large continuous buns that are then cut into the desired size...
Slabstock Flexible Polyurethane Foam ProductionAll portions of the flexible polyurethane foam process from the mixhead to the point in the process where the...
Slabstock Foam Production FacilityManufacturing plant making a polyurethane foam in a continuous block.
Slag1. Byproduct left after a desired metal is thermally separated from its raw ore.
Slag Cleaning VesselVessel that receives molten copper-bearing material and the predominant use of the vessel is to separate this...
slag filterA filter filled with electric arc furnace steel slag, a by-product of making steel, to treat barnyard runoff...
Slag Pit AreaArea of the Astaris-Idaho facility immediately bordering the south side of the furnace building extending out...
SlakeTo mix with water with a true chemical combination (hydrolysis) taking place, such as in the slaking of lime.
Slake DurabilityThe ability of rock or spoil materials to resist dissolution or breakdown in water.
SlakingAdding water to calcium oxide (lime) to make calcium hydroxide.
slam barA hand-held weight used to pound DP rods into the ground. Originally designed for steel fence posts.
Slash1. The unwanted, unused, and generally unmerchantable accumulation of woody material, such as large limbs...
SlashingApplication of a chemical sizing solution to warp yarns prior to weaving to protect against snagging or...
Slashing MaterialAlso known as sizing, means the purchased compounds that are applied to warp yarns prior to weaving. Starch...
Slashing OperationEquipment used to mix and prepare size for application and the slasher, which is the equipment used to apply...
Slate1. A compact, fine-grained metamorphic rock that possesses slaty cleavage and hence can be split into slabs...
SlaughterhouseFacility that slaughters animals and has as its main product fresh meat as whole, half or quarter carcasses...
Sleeper CabType of tractor cab that has a compartment behind the driver's seat intended to be used by the driver for...
Slice of the PlumeCross-section of the plume of contamination with sufficient thickness parallel to the prevalent direction of...
Slickwater FracFriction reducing compounds used in hydraulic fracturing
Slip GaugeGauge which has a probe that moves through the gas/liquid interface in a storage or transfer vessel and...
Slip-Resistant CoatingCoating designed and labeled exclusively as such, which is formulated with synthetic grit and used as a...
slit aerationA soil aerator, the most common for agronomic use, in which tines are pushed into the soil to make elongated...
Slop OilFloating oil and solids that accumulate on the surface of an oil-water separator.
Slope1. The degree of inclination to the horizontal. Usually expressed as a ratio, such as 1:25 or 1 on 25...
Slope AspectThe direction toward which a slope faces with respect to the compass.
Slope FactorAn upper bound, approximating a 95% confidence limit, on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure...
Slotted FloorA concrete floor design in which slats are positioned in the floor so that animal traffic can work manure...
Slotted GuidepoleGuidepole or gaugepole that has slots or holes through the wall of the pole. The slots or holes allow the...
slough1. Soil that falls into a probe hole after a sampling tool or in situ sensor has been withdrawn.
Slow Meter Response1. Slow response of the sound level meter shall be used. The slow dynamic response shall comply with the...
Slow Sand Filtration1. A process involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than 0.4...
Slow-Release FertilizerInorganic or organic fertilizers that are characterized by a slow rate of release, long residual, low burn...
Sludge1. The residue (solids and some water) produced as a result of raw or wastewater treatment.
Sludge DigesterTank in which complex organic substances like sewage sludges are biologically dredged. During these...
Sludge Disinfection(Disinfection of) the residue (solids and some water) produced as a result of raw or wastewater treatment.
Sludge Disinfection TechnologyTechnology to make the solid, semi-solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of municipal...
Sludge Dryer1. Device used to reduce the moisture content of sludge by heating to temperatures above 65 °C (ca. 150 °F)...
Sludge VolumeVolume to allow for sludge accumulation in a manure storage or treatment structure. Sludge volume is an...
Sludge-Only FacilityAny “treatment works treating domestic sewage” whose methods of sewage sludge use or disposal are subject to...
SludgesAny solid, semisolid, or liquid wastes generated from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment...
Slug discharge1. Any discharge of a nonroutine, episodic nature, including an accidental spill or a noncustomary batch...
SluiceOpening for releasing water from below the static head elevation.
Sluice BoxSloping trough, having riffles on the bottom, through which gravel and wash from placer mining operations...
Sluice Pipe1. A pipe or small bridge for drainage under a road or structure.
sluicingThe practice of releasing water through the sluice gate of an impoundment rather than through the turbines.
slumpDownward slipping of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving as a unit along a curved surface.
Slurry1. A pumpable mixture of solids and fluid.
Slurry DamSurface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal.
Slurry SealMaterial composed of emulsified asphalt, aggregate, and mineral fillers, such as Portland cement or lime...
Slurry (Semi-solid) ManureManure having a total solids content between five and ten percent.
Small Appliance1. Any of the following products that are fully manufactured, charged, and hermetically sealed in a factory...
Small AppliancesAny of the following products that are fully manufactured, charged, and hermetically sealed in a factory with...
SMALL AWARDA grant or cooperative agreement not exceeding the small purchase threshold fixed at 41 U.S.C. 403(11)...
Small Blast FurnaceBlast furnace with a working volume of less than 2,500 m3.
Small Boat Engine Wet ExhaustThe seawater that is mixed and discharged with small boat propulsion engine exhaust to cool the exhaust and...
Small Built Up AreaA land cover/use category consisting of developed land units of 0.25 to 10 acres, which meet the definition...
Small Business1. A small business means a corporation, partnership, or un-incorporated business that has 500 or fewer...
Small Business Concern1. Any person whose total annual sales in the person's fiscal year preceding the date of the submission of...
Small Business Enterprise1. Concern, including its affiliates, that is independently owned and operated, not dominant in the field of...
Small Business Rural AreaSmall business operating in an area identified as a rural county with a code 6-9 in the Rural-Urban continuum...
Small Commercial EstablishmentFor purposes of §35.2034 private establishments such as restaurants, hotels, stores, filling stations, or...
Small CommunityFor purposes of §§35.2020(b) and 35.2032, any municipality with a population of 3,500 or less or highly...
Small Community Alternative Treatment WorksFor purposes of §§35.2020 and 35.2032, alternative technology used by treatment works in small communities...
Small Concentrated Animal Feeding OperationAn AFO that is designated as a CAFO and is not a Medium CAFO.
Small Construction ActivityClearing, grading, and excavating resulting in a land disturbance that will disturb equal to or more than one...
Small Control Device1. Control device that controls total HAP emissions of less than 10 tons/yr, before control.
Small Cottonseed PlantVegetable oil production process that processes less than 120,000 tons of cottonseed and other listed oilseed...
Small Diesel RefineryDomestic motor diesel fuel refinery or portion of a refinery that, as an annual average of calendar years...
Small Foundry1. For an existing affected source, an iron and steel foundry that has an annual metal melt production of...
Small Freshwater PlumeSimilar to a river plume but on smaller scale and can be initiated from variety of sources such as a...
Small GameBirds and small animals normally hunted or trapped.
Small Glycol Dehydration Unit1. Glycol dehydration unit, located at a major source, with an actual annual average natural gas flowrate...
Small HailPrecipitation of white, opaque grains of ice. The grains are round or sometimes conical. Diameters are less...
Small Hard Chromium Electroplating FacilityFacility that performs hard chromium electroplating and has a maximum cumulative potential rectifier capacity...
Small Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerator1. Except as provided in (2);(i) An HMIWI whose maximum design waste burning capacity is less than or equal...
Small Hydro1. In addition to very large hydro plants in the West, the United States has many smaller hydro plants. Like...
Small ImporterManufacturer or importer that meets either of the following standards:(1) First standard. A manufacturer or...
Small MammalMice to rabbits, racoons etc.; a general term used in wildlife management to group species of small to...
Small Manufacturer1. Manufacturer meeting the criteria specified in 13 CFR 121.201. For manufacturers owned by a parent...
Small, Medium and Large-sized Water UtilitiesEPA uses data from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) to determine system size. The...
Small (Minor) AppliancesRefers to many different types, sizes, and styles of electric fans, coffee makers, electric irons, food...
Small Power ProducerUnder the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), a small power production facility (or small power...
Small Processor1. Operation that produces no more than 6000 lbs (2730 kg) per day of any type or combination of finished...
Small Public Water SystemPublic water system that regularly serves 10,000 or fewer persons. State. Each of the 50 States and the...
Small Quantity for Research and Development1. Any quantity of PCBs (1) that is originally packaged in one or more hermetically sealed containers of a...
Small Quantity for Scientific Experimentation PurposesOr Analysis or Chemical Research on or Analysis of Such Substance or Another Substance including any such...
Small Quantity Generator1. Persons or enterprises that produce 220-2200 pounds per month of hazardous waste. The largest category of...
Small Quantity GeneratorsFacilities that generate between 100 kg and 1,000 kg of hazardous waste per calendar month.
Small Quantity Handler of Universal WasteA universal waste handler that does not accumulate 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) of all universal waste categories...
Small Quantity Handlers of Universal WasteHandlers that do not accumulate 5000 kg of all universal waste categories combined at their location at any...
Small Quantity ManufacturerManufacturer whose total VOC by mass included in all aerosol coatings manufactured at all facilities in a...
Small Quantity Solely for Research and Development1. (Or “small quantities solely for purposes of scientific experimentation or analysis or chemical research...
Small Quantity Universal Waste Handler1. Universal waste handler (as defined in this section) who does not accumulate 5,000 kilograms or more of...
Small Railroad1. Railroad that is classified by the Small Business Administration as a small business.
Small RefinerAny person, as defined by 42 U.S.C. 7602(e), who produces gasoline at a refinery by processing crude oil...
Small Refinery1. Refinery for which the average aggregate daily crude oil throughput for the calendar year 2004 (as...
Small Remanufacturer1. Remanufacturer that is classified by the Small Business Administration as a small business.
Small Rural Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste IncineratorSmall HMIWI which is located more than 50 miles from the boundary of the nearest Standard Metropolitan...
Small Septic SystemOnsite sewage system consisting of a septic tank that collects all the sewage.
Small Septic SystemsAn onsite sewage system consisting of a septic tank that collects all the sewage.
Small Spark-Ignition Engine1. Relating to engines that are subject to emission standards in 40 CFR part 90 or 1054.
Small Volume Engine FamilyAny handheld engine family or any nonhandheld engine family whose eligible production in a given model year...
Small Volume Engine Manufacturer1. For nonhandheld engines, any engine manufacturer whose total eligible production of nonhandheld engines...
Small Volume Equipment Manufacturer1. For nonhandheld equipment, any equipment manufacturer whose production of nonhandheld equipment subject to...
Small Volume Equipment ModelFor nonhandheld equipment, any unique model of equipment whose production subject to regulations under this...
Small Water System1. For the purpose of subpart I of this part only, means a water system that serves 3,300 persons or fewer.
Small Well SiteFor purposes of the fugitive emissions standards in §§ 60.5397b and 60.5398b, a well site that contains a...
Small Wind TurbineWind turbine that has a rating of up to 100-kilowatts, and is typically installed near the point of electric...
Smaller Biogenic GeoformPhysical features and landforms that were created by the action of living organisms (bioherms). These...
Smaller Oceanic GeoformPhysical, coastal and seafloor structures that are generally no larger than hundreds of square kilometers in...
SmallpoxAcute contagious disease caused by the variola virus.
Small-Scale TestExperimental use of a microbial pesticide in a facility such as a laboratory or greenhouse, or use in limited...
Small-Sized PlantPlants which process less than 3,720 kg/day (8,200 lbs/day) of raw materials.
Small-Volume Boat Builder1. Boat manufacturer with fewer than 500 employees and with annual worldwide production of fewer than 100...
Small-Volume Emission Family1. For requirements related to exhaust emissions for nonhandheld engines and to exhaust and evaporative...
Small-Volume Manufacturer1. Manufacturer with annual U.S.-directed production of fewer than 1,000 internal combustion engines (marine...
Smart ApplianceAn appliance that includes the intelligence and communications to be automatic or remote-controlled based on...
Smart BuildingA building which meets goals of energy efficiency and sustainability
Smart GridThe Smart Grid is a developing network of new technologies, equipment, and controls working together to...
Smart Growth1. Development, transportation and conservation strategies that help protect the natural environment and make...
Smart MeterA meter that records a customer's electricity usage for time intervals of one hour or less, and can transmit...
Smart RelaySmart Relays monitor voltages, currents and frequency in the electrical system and send control signals to...
Smart SitesInternet-based program to market land the state has an interest in developing. A "smart sites" database...
SmartWay/SmartWay EliteSmartWay is a designation earned by those vehicles that have combined Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores...
Smelt Dissolving Tank1. Vessel used for dissolving the smelt collected from the recovery furnace.
Smelter1. A facility that melts or fuses ore, often with an accompanying chemical change, to separate its metal...
Smelter Owner and OperatorOwner or operator of the smelter, without distinction.
Smelting1. Obtaining a metal from an ore or concentrate by melting the material at high temperatures. Fluxes are...
Smelting Furnace1. Any vessel in which the smelting of copper sulfide ore concentrates or calcines is performed and in which...
Smelting VesselFurnace, reactor, or other type of vessel in which copper ore concentrate and fluxes are smelted to form a...
SMILES1. SMILES is a simplified chemical notation that allows a user to represent a primarily 2D chemical structure...
Smog1. Dust, smoke, or chemical fumes that pollute the air and make hazy, unhealthy conditions (literally, the...
Smog Forming PollutantSmog forming pollution is created by two types of vehicle emissions - hydrocarbons (including non-methane...
Smoke1. Particles suspended in air after incomplete combustion.
Smoke ExposureContact with wildfire smoke with the possible dangers of damage to eyes or lungs. [MK]
Smoke Inhalation InjuryPulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics...
Smoke ManagementPolicies and practices implemented by air and natural resource managers directed at minimizing the amount of...
Smoke PlumeGases, smoke, and debris that rise slowly from a fire while being carried along the ground because the...
Smoke Plume DispersionThe larger the volume of space that smoke is allowed to enter and the farther it can be transported, the more...
Smoke Plume DynamicsVarious smoke processes that control the movement and mixing of smoke.
Smoke Plume Injection HeightHeight to which a plume of smoke rises before releasing most of its smoke into the wider atmosphere [MK]
Smoke Plume RiseHow high above the level of release an emission plume rises.
Smoke Plume TransportWhatever process may carry a plume vertically or horizontally in the atmosphere. Vertical transport is...
SmokerA person who inhales or has inhaled combustible products of organic material during their lifetime.
Smoking StatusAn indication of a person's current tobacco and nicotine consumption as well as some indication of smoking...
Smoky HillThe Smoky Hill River Basin. Colorado, Kansas. Area = 19800 sq.mi.
Smoldering emissionsThe emissions from a fire that has been extinguished or that is barely spreading.
Smoldering FireFire burning without flame and barely spreading.
Smooth-One-Side Hardboard1. Hardboard which is produced by the wet-matting, wet-pressing process.
Smooth-Two-Sides Hardboard1. Hardboard which is produced by the wet-matting, dry-pressing process.
Smudge PotPortable heater/burner that produces thick heavy smoke and that fruit growers place around an orchard in the...
Smut DiseasesPlant diseases caused by fungi in the Ustilaginales order
Smut FungusCommon smut is caused by two fungi; Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis. Because it requires cool moist soil...
SnagA standing dead tree. Snags are important as habitat for a variety of wildlife species and their prey.
Snap Bean ProcessingProcessing of snap beans into the following product styles: Canned and frozen green, Italian, wax, string...
SnowPrecipitation of snow crystals, mostly branched in the form of six-pointed stars.
Snow and iceAreas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow, generally greater than 25% of total cover.
Snow CoverSnow that accumulates on the surface of the ground
Snow GrainPrecipitation of very small, white, and opaque grains of ice.
Snow MoldSnow mold is a turfgrass fungal disease that appears when areas of the yard remain covered with snow for long...
Snow MoldsPlant diseases that thrive in cooler to cold weather and benefit by snow cover. Commonly occurring in...
Snow PelletPrecipitation, usually of brief duration, consisting of crisp, white, opaque ice particles, round or conical...
Snowmobile1. Meaning given in 40 CFR 1051.801.
SnowmobilingDriving a snowmobile for recreational purposes.
Snowpack1. The amount of snow that accumulates on the ground. Snowpack can be an important water resource when it...
Snowthrower EngineEngine used exclusively to power snowthrowers.
Snow-Water EquivalentThe amount of water contained in a given volume of snow.
snRNP BiogenesisThe 4 major small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5, share 8 proteins which...
SO2 1-hr (2010 standard)1. Description: SO2 1-hr (2010 standard)
Soaker HosePerforated flexible tubing that is used to deliver gentle irrigation to plants.
SOAP Web ServiceSoftware system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. SOAP...
SoapstockAn emulsion, or the oil obtained from separation of that emulsion, produced by washing oils listed as a...
Soboliferous PlantHaving several loosely clumped, principal stems that arise from a common underground stem system, each...
socialRelating to human society and its members.
Social Amplification of RiskDistortion of the seriousness of a risk caused by public concern about the risk and/or about an activity...
Social AnalysisAn analysis of the social (as distinct from the economic and environmental) effects of a given plan or...
Social Behavior ProblemBehaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals.
Social Benefit1. The net benefit considerations of long-range societal values at the regional or national level which might...
Social benefitsThe sum of all positive changes in societal well-being experienced as a result of the regulation or policy...
Social ClassA stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is...
Social Cost1. The net loss considerations of long-range societal values at the regional or national level which might...
Social DistancingRefers to infection control measures that limit the spread of pandemic influenza or other infectious agents...
Social DominanceStatus of a group's members in the social organization of the group
Social EquityThe distribution of the gains and losses that will accrue to individuals or groups (defined according to...
Social InsectInsects that exhibit the communal aspects of a common nest site, cooperative brood care, a reproductive caste...
Social NetworkThe social relationships and interconnectedness between and among people and entities in a society.
Social opportunity cost of capitalThe rate at which consumption in the next period is reduced because private investment is displaced by...
Social rate of time preferenceThe discount rate at which society is willing to trade consumption in one period (usually year) for...
Social ResilienceThe capacity of a system, community, or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt, by resisting or...
Social ScienceAny branch of academic study or science that deals with human behavior in its social and cultural aspects...
Social StressorFactors or situations that people encounter in daily life, such as relationship or family demands, that can...
Social TopicsTopics in RAINE categorized as social represent aspects of a community that are framed in terms of how they...
Social Value1. The ethical principle that human subjects research should be expected to yield valuable results for...
social welfareHuman well-being, measured at some aggregate level (U.S. EPA 2006). In the typical economic context, the sum...
Social welfare functionEstablishes criteria under which efficiency and equity outcomes are transformed into a single metric, making...
Socially Disadvantaged IndividualPerson who has been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias because of his or her identity...
Social-Minded BehaviorConsidering the effects of behaviors and actions on the well-being of society as a whole.
Societal Cost Test1. A variation of the total resource cost test that includes monetized effects of externalities benefits and...
Societal Net BenefitThe result of subtracting the total costs to society of a program or policy from the total benefits to...
societyA group of people having a distinctive cultural and economic organization, as well as the manner or condition...
Society by TypeA group of people having a distinctive cultural and economic organization, as well as the manner or condition...
Socio-economic statusA composite measure that is often comprised of a number of indicators, including economic status measured by...
Socioeconomic StatusComposite measure that is often comprised of a number of indicators, including economic status measured by...
SocioeconomicsThe branch of economics which examines the relationship between economic factors and society.
Soda Pulp MillAny stationary source that produces pulp from wood by cooking (digesting) wood chips in a sodium hydroxide...
Soda PulpingChemical pulping process that uses sodium hydroxide as the active chemical in the cooking liquor.
Soda Recovery Furnace1. Recovery furnace used to burn black liquor produced by the soda pulping process and includes the direct...
Soda-Lime RecipeGlass product composition of the following ranges of weight proportions: 60 to 75 percent silicon dioxide, 10...
soddingA permanent erosion control practice involving laying a continuous cover of grass sod on exposed soils.
Soderberg ProcessMethod of primary aluminum reduction in which the anode paste mixture is baked in the reduction pot by the...
SodiumAn element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and...
Sodium CarbonateThe disodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalinizing property. When dissolved in water, sodium carbonate...
Sodium Carbonate ProductionThe Solvay process from sodium chloride and calcium carbonate
Sodium Channel BindingA process that involves the binding of a neurotransmitter to a ligand-gated sodium channel protein. This...
Sodium ChlorideTable salt. A metal halide composed of sodium and chloride with sodium and chloride replacement capabilities...
Sodium ChromateNa2CrO4. It is produced by roasting chromite ore in a rotary kiln.
Sodium DichromateSodium bichromate or sodium bichromate dihydrate and is known technically as sodium dichromate dihydrate...
Sodium ErythorbateAlmost odorless fluffy, white to off-white crystalline powder. Used as an antioxidant and preservative.
Sodium HydroxideA highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Sodium Hydroxide ManufacturingElectrolysis of sodium chloride solutions
Sodium Lauryl SulfateSodium dodecyl sulfate. an an anionic surfactant, which is a class of chemicals used for their detergent...
Sodium PolycarboxylateAnionic polymers with a long carbon chain with carboxyl functional groups used by consumers as laundry...
Sodium TetraborateA naturally occurring mineral and sodium salt of boric acid with many commercial uses.
SoffitPanel which covers the underside of an roof overhang, cantilever, or mansard.
Soft DetergentsCleaning agents that break down in nature.
Soft Drink ProductionOne of the largest commercial uses of Aspergillus fungi is in the production of soft drinks. The extraction...
soft shore protection1. A method of shore protection that prevents shore erosion through the use of materials similar to those...
Soft Water1. Water having a low concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. According to US Geological Survey...
Softener1. Liquid that is applied to an aerospace vehicle or component to degrade coatings such as primers and...
Soft-Rot FungusDecay fungus that primarily affects the outer surface of wood, can degrade cellulose in the secondary cells...
Software1. The programs, procedures, and rules used to operate a computer.
Software ApplicationComputer software that performs one or more specific tasks.
Software as ServiceThe capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud...
Software Code Development InspectionAn independent person or group other than the author(s) examines software requirements, software design, or...
Software Code Performance TestingSoftware used to compute model predictions is tested to assess its performance relative to specific response...
Software DevelopmentThe activities necessary to create a software product such as a computer model
Software ProgramsComputer programs; the list of instructions that tell a computer how to perform a given task or tasks.
Softwood1. Wood of a coniferous tree. Examples of softwoods include, but are not limited to, Southern yellow pine...
Softwood Veneer DryerDryer that removes excess moisture from veneer by conveying the veneer through a heated medium, generally on...
Soil1. Complex mixture of inorganic minerals (mostly clay, silt, and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air...
Soil adherenceThe quantity of soil that adheres to the skin and from which chemical contaminants are available for uptake...
Soil Adsorption FieldA sub-surface area containing a trench or bed with clean stones and a system of piping through which treated...
Soil AggregateA group of primary soil particles that cohere to each other more strongly than to other surrounding particles...
Soil and Water Conservation DistrictA local government entity within a defined water or soil protection area that provides assistance to farmers...
Soil and Water Conservation PracticesControl measures consisting of managerial, vegetative, and structural practices to reduce the loss of soil...
Soil BioremediationThe process of using naturally occuring microbes in the soil to clean polluted soil and water. In order for...
Soil Carbon1. A major component of the terrestrial biosphere pool in the carbon cycle. The amount of carbon in the soil...
soil catchersFlexible attachments on the bottom of soil sampling tools that allow soil to enter the sampler but inhibit...
Soil ConditionerAn organic material like humus or compost that helps soil absorb water, build a bacterial community, and take...
Soil ConservationProtects soil from erosion and loss of fertility caused by factors such as overuse.
Soil Conservation DistrictA local government entity within a defined water or soil protection area that provides assistance to farmers...
Soil Conservation ServiceAn agency of the United States Department of Agriculture that provides technical assistance for resource...
Soil ContaminantMicroorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, or wastewater introduced into the soil in a...
Soil ContaminationIntroduction into.soil of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, or wastewater in a...
Soil Creating FungusFungus that cycle nutrients and improve the soil structure to aid water cycling
Soil CreepThe slow downhill movement of the soil mantle that results from disturbance of the soil by freeze/thaw...
Soil Dispersal FieldPhysical location where final treatment and dispersal of effluent occurs; includes drainfields, drip fields...
soil dispersal field (soil treatment area)A physical location where final treatment and dispersal of effluent occurs; includes drainfields, drip fields...
Soil DisturbanceAn event or its change in intensity or frequency which alters the structure or functional status of an...
Soil Erodibility1. A measure of the soil's susceptibility to raindrop impact, runoff and other erosional processes.
Soil ErosionSoil erosion involves the breakdown, detachment, transport, and redistribution of soil particles by forces of...
Soil Food WebThe interconnected community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil.
Soil FormationGeophysical processes which create soil
Soil FunctionAny service, role, or task that soil performs, especially: 1) sustaining biological activity, diversity, and...
Soil FungusFungus thriving in soil and contributing to its structure and the health of the plants and animals dependent...
Soil Gas1. Gaseous elements and compounds in the small spaces between particles of the earth and soil. Such gases can...
Soil GasesGases that enter a building from the surrounding ground (e.g., radon, volatile organics, pesticides).
Soil HealthThe capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to...
Soil Horizon1. A soil horizon is a layer that is commonly parallel to the soil surface. In some orders, such as Gelisols...
Soil ingestionThe intentional or unintentional consumption of soil, resulting from various behaviors including, but not...
Soil InvertebrateOrganisims without backbones that live in and benefit the soil.
Soil Moisture1. The water contained in the pore space of the unsaturated zone.
Soil Monitoring SystemUsed to detect the presence of waste constituents in the soil and track their migration before they reach...
Soil Nutrient LossThe loss of essential nutrients in forms that can be utilized by life forms.
soil organic carbon partition coefficientA constant that describes a compound’s equilibrium condition between organic carbon and the contaminant...
Soil Organic Matter1. The organic component of the soil consisting in living organisms, dry plants and residues of animal...
Soil Pollution SourceAny area where a hazardous substance has been deposited, stored, disposed, or placed, plus those soils that...
Soil ProfileA vertical section of the earth's highly weathered upper surface often showing several distinct layers, or...
Soil ResilienceThe capacity of a soil to recover its functional capacity after a disturbance.
Soil ResistanceThe capacity of the soil to maintain its functional capacity through a disturbance.
Soil ResourceA critical resource consisting of loose, unconsolidated earth and organic materials above bedrock which...
Soil Resource ManagementThe application of scientific and technical principles in the management soil resources, in order to meet...
Soil SampleSample collected in a representative location using ASTM E1727, “Standard Practice for Field Collection of...
Soil StabilizationUsing erosion control measures, such as planting vegetation or other engineering structures, to prevent the...
Soil StabilizerPhysical amendment that stabilizes loosely compacted soil within the root zone. Physical amendments include...
Soil SterilantA chemical that temporarily or permanently prevents the growth of all plants and animals.
Soil Structure1. The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates.
Soil SurveyThe systematic examination, description, classification, and mapping of soils in an area.
Soil TestA soil test indicates the availability of nutrients present in the soil and the availability of those...
Soil TextureThe proportions of soil particles (sand, silt, and clay) in a soil profile.
Soil Toxicity Detection TechnologyUsed at hazardous waste sites to screen for particular areas of concern or to assist in monitoring the...
Soil TransformationChemical change of the soil material
Soil TranslocationMovement of soil constituents
Soil Treatment AreaLocation where the final treatment and disposal of effluent is done.
Soil Vapor ExtractionAn environmental cleanup method that induces a vacuum within unsaturated soil to extract contaminated vapors...
Soil WashingExtraction of PCBs from soil using a solvent, recovering the solvent from the soil, separating the PCBs from...
Soil Water Holding CapacityThe amount of water that can be held in soil against the pull of gravity.
Soil-Applied TermiticidePesticide products that are applied to the soil beneath and/or adjacent to the structure, pre- or...
Soil-Borne DiseasesDiseases caused by plant pathogens found in the soil, such as certain bacteria, fungi and other...
Soil-Gas-RetarderA continuous membrane or other comparable material used to retard the flow of soil gases into a building.
SoilsImpacts on the loose top layer of the Earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with...
Solanum tuberosumThe cultivated potato grown for food
Solanum viarumCrowds out native species and forage for livestock.
Solar CollectorA device that captures the Sun's energy and focuses it in a small area as a more usable or storable form...
Solar Cooling DeviceUse of solar thermal energy or solar electricity to power a cooling appliance. There are five basic types of...
Solar Energy1. Electromagnetic energy transmitted from the sun (solar radiation). The amount that reaches the earth is...
Solar HouseHouse designed to fulfill its energy needs, such as heating, cooling, and lighting, through solar resources...
Solar noonThe time of day when the sun appears to have reached its highest point in the sky. Usually, solar noon is not...
Solar panelA device that can convert energy from the sun into energy for people to use. Some types of solar panels...
solar powerElectricity that is generated by harnessing the energy of the sun. Solar panels are often used to convert...
Solar Powered Water PumpA renewable energy (from sunlight) pump system to move water.
Solar Radiation1. Solar radiation is heat energy from the sun, including the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet wavelengths...
Solar ReflectanceSolar reflectance is a measure of the ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight-including the...
Solar Reflectance IndexSRI is a value that incorporates both solar reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a...
Solar ResourceAmount of solar insolation a site receives, usually measured in kWh/m2/day, which is equivalent to the number...
Solar Thermal PowerSolar energy conversion system characterized by the optical concentration of solar rays through an...
Solar thermal technologyA system that uses sunlight to heat water or create steam, which can then be used to generate electricity.
Sold or Distributed Pesticide Aggregate AmountAggregate amount of a pesticidal product released for shipment by the establishment in which the pesticidal...
Solder1. A metallic compound used to seal the joints between pipes. Until recently, most solder contained 50...
Solder Flux CleaningRemoving residual solder flux from a printed circuit board using either an alkaline or alcohol cleaning...
Solder FusingCoating a tin-lead plated circuit board with a solder flux and then passing the board through a hot oil. The...
Solder MaskingApplying a resistive coating to certain areas of a circuit board to protect the areas during subsequent...
SolderingJoining metals by inserting a thin (capillary thickness) layer of nonferrous filler metal into the space...
Sole Active IngredientFor purposes of determining if a waste is P or U listed, the only chemical ingredient serving the function of...
Sole or Principal Source Aquifer1. Aquifer which has been designated by the Administrator pursuant to section 1424 (a) or (e) of the SDWA
Sole Source AcquisitionContract for the purchase of supplies or services that is entered into or proposed to be entered into by an...
Sole Source AquiferAn aquifer that supplies 50 percent or more of the drinking water of an area.
Sole Source Aquifers1. The Sole Source Aquifer (https://www.epa.gov/dwssa) layer includes information on the sole source aquifers...
Sole UlcersA cattle disorder where there's an infection between the sole and the soft tissues inside the sole
Solenoid(SO-luh-noid) A magnetically (electrical coil) operated mechanical device. Solenoids can operate a small...
Solid1. Substance or mixture of substances that does not flow or expand readily (i.e., a substance with constant...
Solid By-ProductPlant matter such as vegetable waste, animal materials/wastes, and other solid biomass, except for wood, wood...
Solid Earth AerosolAerosol of air-borne particles from the earth's surface as well as those from volcanic eruptions
Solid Earth EmissionPrimarily emissions from volcanoes
Solid Film LubricantVery thin coating consisting of a binder system containing as its chief pigment material one or more of the...
Solid Fossil FuelIncludes, but is not limited to, coal, coke, petroleum coke, and tire-derived fuel.
Solid Fuel1. Any fuel that is in solid form, such as wood, peat, lignite, coal, and manufactured fuels such as...
Solid Fuel-Fired BoilerFurnace or boiler used for combusting solid fuel for the primary purpose of producing steam or hot water by...
Solid ManureManure having a total solids content exceeding 10 percent.
Solid Oil-Derived Fired Electric Generating UnitAny oil-fired EGU that burns solid oil-derived fuel.
Solid Phase SpeciationDistribution of the contaminant across the various chemical species in the solid phase
Solid State Polymerization ProcessUnit operation which, through the application of heat, furthers the polymerization (i.e., increases the...
Solid StorageStorage of manure, typically for a period of several months, in unconfined piles or stacks. Manure is able to...
Solid Waste1. Non-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain complex...
Solid Waste CollectionAct of removing solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) from a...
Solid Waste Design Capacity1. Maximum amount of solid waste a landfill can accept, as indicated in terms of volume or mass in the most...
Solid Waste DisposalThe final placement of refuse that is not salvaged or recycled.
Solid Waste Disposal ActTo amend the Clean Air Act to require standards for controlling the emission of pollutants from certain motor...
Solid Waste Disposal Facilities CriteriaThe “Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Disposal Facilities”, 40 CFR Part 257, promulgated under...
Solid Waste Disposal PracticeThe act of disposal of solid waste.
Solid Waste FacilityAll contiguous land and structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on the land used for the disposal...
Solid Waste GenerationAct or process of producing solid waste. [40 CFR 243.101 (CFR 2013)]
Solid Waste Incineration UnitStationary, fossil-fuel-fired boiler or stationary, fossil-fuel-fired combustion turbine that is a “solid...
Solid Waste IncineratorSource as defined in section 129(g)(1) of the Act.
Solid Waste ManagementSupervised handling of waste materials from their source through recovery processes to disposal.
Solid Waste Management FacilityAny disposal or resource recovery system; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; any...
Solid Waste Management Unit1. A discernible unit where solid or hazardous wastes have been placed at any time, or any area where solid...
Solid Waste Management Units1. Any discernible unit at which solid wastes have been placed at any time, irrespective of whether the unit...
Solid Waste Storage1. Interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or...
Solid Waste Storage ContainerReceptacle used for the temporary storage of solid waste while awaiting collection.
Solid Waste Test Method DocumentDocument having the title “SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” which is available from either...
Solid Waste (Under Infrastructure)Infrastructure for landfill including transfer stations, converting waste to energy (WTE), and recycling or...
Solid-Derived FuelAny solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from solid fuel for the purpose of creating useful heat and...
SolidificationA phase change to the solid phase
Solidification and StabilizationRemoval of wastewater from a waste or changing it chemically to make it less permeable and susceptible to...
Solid-Phase ExtractionA procedure to isolate specific organic compounds onto a bonded silica extraction column.
Solids Control EquipmentShale shakers, centrifuges, mud cleaners, and other equipment used to separate drill cuttings and/or stock...
Solids (pollutant category)Pollutant grouping that includes parameters for suspended and settable solids.
Solids SeparationRemoves organic and inorganic matter from the dairy waste stream. Separation facilitates utilization of...
Solids Turnover RatioRatio of total volume of coating solids that is added to the EDP system in a calendar month divided by the...
Solid/water distribution ratio (K(d))Ratio of the sorbed concentration (to suspended particles in water, sediment) to the concentration of the...
Solubility1. Solubility is a measure of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a solution. It is the ability or...
solubility, aqueousThe maximum concentration of a chemical that will dissolve in pure water at a reference temperature.
Solubility in water (mg/L)Measure of a substance’s partitioning between dissolved and insoluble phases. Depends on the solute (e.g...
Soluble Hazardous Air PollutantHAP listed in Table 3 of this subpart.
soluble reactive phosphorusThe part of total phosphorus that is used by plants and algae.
Solute1. A substance that is dissolved in another substance, thus forming a solution.
Solute TransportThe movement of a dissolved solid in a solvent, generally water, in the environment
Solution1. A liquid mixture of dissolved substances. In a solution it is impossible to see all the separate parts.
Solution ArchitectureAn architecture for an individual IT system that is part of a segment. A solution architecture is reconciled...
Solution Constituent1. (Constituent in a solution which is) a mixture of a solvent and a solute. In some solutions, such as sugar...
Solution for Cleanup Selected (Final Remedy Decision)The State or EPA has formally selected a cleanup remedy designed to meet RCRA Corrective Action long term...
Solution Heat TreatmentProcess introducing a workpiece into a quench bath for the purpose of heat treatment following rolling...
Solution Mining WellsClass V wells that inject leaching solutions (lixiviants) to remove mineral ores from their original...
Solution Process1. Process for producing polyvinyl chloride copolymer resin that is characterized by the anhydrous formation...
Solution-Oriented ResearchResearch Projects/Activities/Tasks/Studies developed and conducted with an upfront understanding of the...
Solutions-Driven ResearchSDR is a specific research approach that emphasizes partner engagement and integration of tasks to develop...
Solvay ProcessIndustrial process to make sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and calcium carbonate
Solvent1. A solvent is a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance to make a new solution. Solvents are...
Solvent Cleaning MachineAny device or piece of equipment that uses halogenated HAP solvent liquid or vapor to remove soils from the...
Solvent Cleaning Machine ComponentPart of a device or piece of equipment that uses halogenated HAP solvent liquid or vapor to remove soils from...
Solvent DegreasingRemoves oils and grease from the surface of a part using organic solvents, including aliphatic petroleum...
Solvent Extraction1. The separation of materials of different chemical types and solubilities by selective solvent action.
Solvent FeedSolvent introduced into the spinning solution preparation system or precipitation bath. This feed stream...
Solvent FilterDiscrete solvent filter unit containing a porous medium that traps and removes contaminants from petroleum...
Solvent Inventory VariationNormal changes in the total amount of solvent contained in the affected facility.

2,959 of 30,736 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.