Neighbouring group participation

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-013327",
  "term": "Neighbouring group participation",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "The acceleration of a reaction rate due to the involvement of a functional group within the same molecule, which acts as an internal nucleophile or electrophile. This participation leads to the formation of a cyclic intermediate or transition state. The effect is often observed in solvolysis reactions, where it can significantly increase the reaction rate compared to an analogous intermolecular reaction.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "bridge",
    "bridged carbocation",
    "carbenium centre",
    "intramolecular catalysis",
    "leaving group",
    "multi-centre bond",
    "transition state"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1145 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/neighbouring-group-participation/"
}