Phase-transfer catalysis

{
  "id": "MLC-T-CHM-008751",
  "term": "Phase-transfer catalysis",
  "field": "Chemistry",
  "definition": "A method that facilitates the reaction between reactants located in different immiscible phases, such as an aqueous phase and an organic phase. A phase-transfer catalyst, typically a quaternary ammonium salt or a crown ether, transports a reactant from one phase into the other where the reaction can occur. This technique avoids the need for expensive aprotic solvents or harsh conditions to solubilize ionic reagents in organic media.",
  "subject": "Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry",
  "see_also": [
    "anion",
    "anion exchange",
    "catalyst",
    "cation",
    "chemical species",
    "crown",
    "ethers",
    "interface",
    "onium compounds"
  ],
  "references": [
    "PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1150 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)"
  ],
  "url": "https://mlchart.com/terminology/chemistry/phase-transfer-catalysis/"
}