Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: B (1,290)

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• Bottle billProposed or enacted legislation which requires a returnable deposit on beer or soda containers and provides...
• Bottom ash1. The non-airborne combustion residue from burning pulverized coal in a boiler; the material which falls to...
• Bottom ash purge waterAny water being discharged subject to § 423.13(k)(2)(i) or 423.16(g)(2)(i).
• Bottom filling storage vesselFilling of a storage vessel through an inlet at or near the bottom of the storage vessel designed to have the...
• Bottom land hardwoodsForested freshwater wetlands adjacent to rivers in the southeastern United States, especially valuable for...
• Bottom up controlWhere the lowest level of the trophic cascade control the ecosystem structure
• Bottom-blown furnaceAny BOPF in which oxygen and other combustion gases are introduced to the bath of molten iron through tuyeres...
• Bottomhole assemblyThe lower part of the drill string
• Bottom-hole temperatureThe bottom-hole temperature (BHT) usually is measured with maximum recording thermometers attached to a...
• Bottoming-cycle cogeneration unit1. Unit in which the energy input to the unit is first used to produce useful thermal energy, where at least...
• Bottoming-cycle unitUnit in which the energy input to the unit is first used to produce useful thermal energy, where at least...
• Bottomland hardwood forestBottomland hardwood forests are river swamps. They are found along rivers and streams of the southeast and...
• Bottomland hardwood forests, see Bottomland hardwood forest
• Bottoms receiver1. Tank that collects distillation bottoms before the stream is sent for storage or for further downstream...
• Bottom-up processNanoscale material creation from atoms and molecules
• BotulismA rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium...
• Bouguer correctionThe process of correcting gravity data for the mass of the rock between a given station and its reference...
• Boulder fieldAn area dominated by large, boulder-sized (256 millimeters - 4,096 millimeters) stones or pieces of rock...
• Boundaries, see Boundary
• Boundary1. The temporal and geographic limit that defines which actions and effects are covered by a decision; may be...
• Boundary conditionSets of values for state variables and their rates along problem domain boundaries, sufficient to determine...
• Boundary condition developmentDevelopment of sets of values for state variables and their rates along problem domain boundaries, sufficient...
• Boundary conditions, see Boundary condition
• Boundary currentThe portion of an ocean gyre that moves along the continental boundary.
• Bounding estimate1. An estimate of exposure, dose, or risk that is higher than that incurred by the person in the population...
• Boutique provinceA geologic province, other than a priority province as defined by the USGS, considered for petroleum-resource...
• BovineRefers to a general family grouping of cattle.
• Bovine anaplasmosisA disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus Anaplasma.
• Bovine brucellosisA contagious disease usually occurring in beef and dairy cattle, but also in sheep, pigs and other mammals...
• Bovine corneal opacity and permeability assayA test method developed in the search for a potential replacement for the Draize rabbit eye test. It uses...
• Bovine ephemeral feverAn Ephemerovirus infection of cattle caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus. It is characterized by...
• Bovine ephemeral fever virusThe type species of Ephemerovirus causing disease in cattle. Transmission is by hematophagous arthropods and...
• Bovine herpesvirus 1A species of VARICELLOVIRUS that causes INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS and other associated syndromes in...
• Bovine leukemia virusThe type species of Deltaretrovirus that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma ( enzootic bovine leukosis) or...
• Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiencyAn autosomal recessive hereditary disease affecting young Holstein calves. Homozygous individuals die from...
• Bovine mastitisAn infection and inflammation of the udder in cows.
• Bovine respiratory diseaseA multifactorial disease of cattle resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host...
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy1. A transmissible encephalopathy of cattle characterized by a spongiform structure of the brain tissue, and...
• Bovine trypanosomiasisInfection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.
• Bovine tuberculosisAn infection of cattle caused by Mycobacterium bovis. It is transmissible to man and other animals.
• Bovine viral diarrheaAcute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses. Often mouth ulcerations are the only...
• Box fan air cleanerFilter fans that remove small particles found in the air of wildfire smoke.
• BOX primerParticular kind of oligonucleotide primer employed in the polymerase chain reaction.
• "Boyd" endpointESRP-internal jargon synonymous with ecological endpoint.
• Brachiocephalic trunkThe first and largest artery branching from the aortic arch. It distributes blood to the right side of the...
• Brackish1. Mixed fresh and salt water.
• Brackish water1. Combination of fresh and salt water. Most of the water in the Bay is brackish.
• Brackish water bodyWater body that is transitional from the fresh water and saline water that contain between 1,000 ppm to...
• BractA small leaf or scale-like structure associated with and subtending an inflorescence or cone.
• BradycardiaSlowness of the heart beat, as evidenced by slowing of pulse rate to less than 60
• Braided stream1. A channel pattern with multiple threads of streamflow.
• BrainAn organ composed of grey and white matter containing billions of neurons that is the center for intelligence...
• Brain developmental disorders1. Disorders that affect brain development in childhood, sometimes caused by exposure of the fetus to...
• Brain glucose metabolismThe chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose in the brain. D-glucose is...
• BrakeVarious systems used to stop the rotor from turning.
• Brake horsepower1. The horsepower required at the top or end of a pump shaft (input to a pump).
• Brake power1. Meaning given in the standard-setting part. If it is not defined in the standard-setting part, brake power...
• Brake-specific fuel consumptionMass of fuel consumed by an engine during a test segment divided by the brake-power output of the engine...
• BranchWood portions of a tree excluding the stem and roots.
• Branch packingA form of soil bioengineering that uses alternating tiers of live branch cuttings and compacted backfill to...
• Branched polymerA polymer where the long polymeric chain may have short branches where the repeating unit is the same as the...
• BranchingTo grow branches.
• BrassAny metal alloy containing copper as its predominant constituent, and lesser amounts of zinc, tin, lead, or...
• BrassicalesFlowering plants including cabbages, nasturtiums, mustards and capers.
• Brazos headwatersThe Brazos River Basin above the confluence of and including the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River and the...
• Breach(n.) a channel through a barrier spit or island typically formed by storm waves, tidal action, or river flow...
• Break cropA different crop grown to allow the soil to replenish its nutrient content in a field sown repeatedly in...
• BreakbulkGeneral cargo that is not in containers but rather is stored in boxes, bales, pallets or other units to be...
• Breakdown productA compound derived by chemical, biological, or physical action upon a pesticide. The breakdown is a natural...
• BreakerIn hydraulic fracturing a chemical substance added to degrade an enhanced gelling agent
• Breakout tankContainer used to relieve surges in an oil pipeline system or to receive and store oil transported by a...
• Breakover angleSupplement of the largest angle, in the plan side view of an automobile, that can be formed by two lines...
• Breakpoint chlorination1. Addition of chlorine to water until the chlorine demand has been satisfied. At this point, further...
• Breakthrough1. A crack or break in a filter bed allowing the passage of floc or particulate matter through a filter. This...
• Breakthrough infectionDevelopment of a disease despite a person’s having responded to a vaccine.
• Breakup jamIce jam that occurs as a result of the accumulation of broken ice pieces.
• Breakwater1. An offshore structure (such as a wall or jetty) that, by breaking the force of the waves, protects a...
• Breast1. One of two hemispheric projections of variable size situated in the subcutaneous layer over the pectoralis...
• Breathing lossNatural gas emissions from fixed roof tanks resulting from evaporative losses during storage.
• Breathing zone1. Area of air in which an organism inhales.
• Breccia pipeA breccia pipe is a mass of breccia (a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented...
• BreedCattle of common origin and having characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same...
• BreederA bird that is utilized to produce offspring.
• BreedingThe production of offspring by selective mating or hybridization in animals or plants.
• Breeding rangeThe area utilized by an organism during the reproductive phase of its life cycle and during the time that...
• Breeding range loss(Loss of) the area utilized by an organism during the reproductive phase of its life cycle and during the...
• BrewMixture of yeast and additives in the fermenter.
• Brew ethanolEthanol in fermenter liquid.
• Brew ethanol monitorMonitoring system that you use to measure brew ethanol to demonstrate compliance with this subpart. The...
• Brewer spectrophotometerThe Brewer is an automated instrument which infers the amount of total column ozone in the atmosphere, and...
• Brewers yeastYeast used or suitable for use in brewing; specifically : the dried pulverized cells of such a yeast...
• Brew-to-exhaust correlationCorrelation between the concentration of ethanol in the brew and the concentration of VOC in the fermenter...
• BrickBuilding material made of clay and existing in small rectangular units. They are either dried by the sun or...
• BridgeStructure including supports erected over a depression or an obstruction, such as water, highway, or railway...
• Bridging Cross between PlantsUtilization of an intermediate plant in a cross to produce a viable zygote between the intermediate plant and...
• Brillouin indexA measure of the diversity of a collection
• Brine1. Water that has a quantity of salt, especially sodium chloride, dissolved in it. Large quantities of brine...
• Brine mudWaste material, often associated with well-drilling or mining, composed of mineral salts or other inorganic...
• Brined cherry processingProcessing of all varieties of cherries into the following brined product styles: Canned, bottled and bulk...
• Brinelling(bruh-NEL-ing) Tiny indentations (dents) high on the shoulder of the bearing race or bearing. A type of...
• Brines (oilfield)Wastewater produced along with crude oil and natural gas from oilfield operations.
• Briquetting operationHot or cold process that agglomerates (presses together) iron-bearing materials into small lumps without...
• Brisket boardA raised part of the freestall platform about 6.5 feet in front of rear of the stall to keep cows positioned...
• British thermal unit1. A Btu is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree...
• Brittle-ductile boundaryThe depth in the crust where the crust changes from being brittle (tending to break) above, to being ductile...
• Broad categoriesRefers to general classifications of recyclable materials (glass, paper, plastic, metals).
• Broad network accessCapabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by...
• BroadbandBroadband is a descriptive term for evolving digital technologies that provide consumers a signal switched...
• Broadband gapsAreas with the lowest rate of households with a broadband internet subscription.
• Broad-based dipA surface drainage structure specifically designed to drain water from an access road while vehicles maintain...
• Broad-based drainage dipA surface drainage structure specifically designed to drain water from an access road while vehicles maintain...
• BroadcastTechnically a program that is transmitted via radio-frequency signal to receiving locations such as...
• Broadcast applicationThe spreading of pesticides over an entire area.
• Broader in scopeProvisions that (1) allow the state to regulate more entities or wastes than the federal code or (2) add an...
• Broccoli processingProcessing of broccoli into the following product styles: Frozen, chopped, spears, and miscellaneous cuts.
• BroilerChicken, sometimes called fryers, reared primarily for meat production. Age to market weight is typically 6...
• Broken udderTerm used to describe an udder that is loosely attached or pendulous.
• Broker1. Refers to an individual or group of individuals who act as an agent or intermediary between the sellers...
• BromatesNegative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.
• Brominated disinfection by-productA compound containing at least one bromine atom formed by the reaction of a halogenated disinfectant with...
• Bromine productionProduced by oxidation of the bromide ions and then stripped out of the brine by distillation.
• Bromoacetic acidCH2BrCO2H. Acetic acid with a bromine atom substituted for a methyl hydrogen atom. An alkylating agent.
• Bromochloroacetic acidC2H2BrClO2. Acetic acid where a chlorine atom has been substituted for one methyl hydrogen and a bromine atom...
• BromodichloromethaneA colorless, liquid halogenated hydrocarbon. Bromodichloromethane is used in the synthesis of chemicals and...
• Bromodichloropropenoic acidByproduct of water disinfection
• BromomethaneBromomethane is a manufactured chemical. It also occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean where it is...
• BromonitromethanesBromonitromethane and congeners. Bromonitromethane is BrCH2NO2. Disinfection byproducts in drinking water...
• Bromus tectorumCheatgrass. An introduced invasive plant; a weed
• BronchitisA respiratory illness, similar to asthma, that makes breathing very difficult. Bronchitis is usually only a...
• BronchoconstrictionNarrowing of the air passages of the lungs
• Bronchodilator agentAgents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
• Bronchus1. Tubular structure in continuation with the trachea, serving as air passage. It terminates in the lung...
• BronzeAny metal alloy containing copper as its predominant constituent, and lesser amounts of zinc, tin, lead, or...
• Brood parasitismThe laying of eggs by one bird species in the nest of another bird species and the subsequent brooding of the...
• Brooding1. Early period of growth when supplemental heat must be provided, due to the birds inability to generate...
• Broussonetia papyriferaPaper mulberry is a deciduous tree with milky sap that grows to a maximum height of about 45 ft. (15 m.). The...
• Brown algaeMulticellular algae often called seaweeds or kelps, appearing brown or yellow due to the pigment, fucoxanthin.
• Brown rotBrownish, dry, crumbly decay of wood caused by fungi decomposing cellulose and leaving the lignin in a...
• Brown snowSnow intermixed with dust particles. A not uncommon phenomenon in many parts of the world. Snows of other...
• Brown stainA rich brown to deep chocolate-brown discoloration of the sapwood of some pines caused by a fungus that acts...
• Brown stock washer systemBrown stock washers and associated knotters, vacuum pumps, and filtrate tanks used to wash the pulp following...
• Brown tideDamaging algal blooms caused by a proliferation of phytoplankton in seawater appearing brownish in color...
• Brownfield1. A property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential...
• Brownfield coke oven batteryNew coke oven battery that replaces an existing coke oven battery or batteries with no increase in the design...
• Brownfields, see Brownfield
• Brownfields (ACRES)1. A brownfield is an abandoned, idled, or underused industrial and commercial facility/site where expansion...
• Brownfields Act of 2002The Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act (H.R. 2869) (Brownfields Act of 2002)...
• Brownian diffusionThe slight deflection of very small particles in a gas stream that occurs when rapidly moving gas molecules...
• Brown-rot fungusBrown-rot fungus extensively removes only cellulose from the wood, which takes on a browner color and can...
• Browser1. A browser is a program that provides a way to look at, read, and even hear all information on the World...
• BrowsingFeeding on sprouts, twigs, stems, vines and leaves of shrubs or trees by livestock and wildlife.
• Brucellosis wildlife diseaseA contagious, costly disease of ruminant (E.g. cattle, bison and cervids) animals that also affects humans...
• Brush and branchesRefers to the natural woody material collected from yard trimmings. Whole trees, such as Christmas trees, are...
• Brush barrierA sediment control structure created of slash materials piled at the toe slope of a road or at the outlets of...
• Brush border membrane vesicleArtificial intestinal cell preparations derived by homogenization and centrifugation. The cell preparations...
• Brush fuelCollective stands of vegetation dominated by shrubby, woody plants, or low growing trees, usually of a type...
• Brush layeringA form of soil bioengineering that uses live branch cuttings laid flat into small benches excavated in the...
• Brush mattressLayers of live, woody cuttings are wired together and staked into the bank. The woody cuttings are then...
• Brush painting processApplying an organic coating to a part. Coatings such as paint, varnish, lacquer, shellac, and plastics are...
• Brushing and grubbing areaArea where woody plant materials that would interfere with soil salvage operations have been removed or...
• Brute stackA common midpoint stack with only preliminary static corrections (often none) and preliminary normal-moveout...
• Bt cornField corn that has received a gene transferred from a naturally-occurring soil bacterium called Bacillus...
• Bt-CropCrops that are genetically engineered to carry a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)...
• BtuBtu stands for British thermal unit and is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound...
• BTXBenzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene.
• BTX productionThe production of benzene, toluene, and xylene from naphtha by catalytic reforming.
• Bubble1. Existing sources of air pollution with several facilities may control more than is required at one...
• Bubble radiusThe maximum radial distance away from a biosparging well where the effects of sparging are observable...
• Bubbling fluidized bed combustorFluidized bed combustor in which the majority of the bed material remains in a fluidized state in the primary...
• BuckTo saw felled trees into predetermined lengths.
• Buck sawingTo saw felled trees into predetermined lengths.
• BucketCylindrical or rectangular metal container with walls of 29 gauge or thicker and a capacity of 7.6 to 45.4...
• Bucket elevator1. Conveying device for metallic minerals consisting of a head and foot assembly that supports and drives an...
• Bucket milking systemA system in which the milk coming from the cow is drawn into a bucket or pail and manually transferred to a...
• BudAn undeveloped shoot from which flowers or leaves arise.
• Bud initiationBeginning of floral bud formation.
• BudbreakThe start of growth from a bud.
• BuddingAesexual reproduction where the new organism develops from a spot on the existing organism, producing a clone...
• BudgetInformation concerning the federal budget, including authorizations and estimates of income and expenditures.
• Budget & financeBudget and Finance includes the management of the federal budget process including the development of plans...
• Budget executionBudget Execution involves day-to-day requisitions and obligations for agency expenditures, invoices, billing...
• Budget formulationBudget Formulation involves all activities undertaken to determine priorities for future spending and to...
• Budget information - specifiedInformation regarding budget formulation and associated planning materials.
• Budget period1. The length of time EPA specifies in an assistance agreement during which the recipient may expend or...
• Budget (water-use)An accounting of total water use or projected water use for a given location or activity.
• Budgets & financial documentsThe budget defines the goals and objectives towards which the Agency intends to work within the fiscal year...
• Buffer1. A solution or liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change in pH.
• Buffer / buffer stripA management area closest to a sensitive environmental site (e.g., wetland, waterbody, etc.) in which human...
• Buffer actionA substance's resistance to a change in pH.
• Buffer areaA designated area around a stream or waterbody of sufficient width to minimize entrance of forestry chemicals...
• Buffer capacityA measure of the capacity of a solution or liquid to neutralize acids or bases. This is a measure of the...
• Buffer strip1. Area between a stream and construction activities that achieves sediment control by using the natural...
• Buffer strips1. Strips of grass or other erosion-resisting vegetation between or below cultivated strips or fields.
• Buffer zone1. An area between two different land uses that is intended to resist, absorb, or otherwise preclude...
• Buffering capacityThe ability of a substance to resist changes in pH when acid or bases are added.
• Buffering systemA chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of...
• BugGeneral term for insects. The term “bug” refers to insects with two pairs of wings and “beak” mouthparts for...
• BuggyA small wagon or truck used for short transportation of heavy materials (as coal in a mine or ingots in a...
• Building1. Any frame structure with a roof.
• Building automation systemA system that optimizes the start-up and performance of HVAC equipment and alarm systems. A BAS greatly...
• Building by useStructure grouped according to function or purpose
• Building codeCriteria or requirements (i.e., minimum standards) set forth and enforced by a state or local agency for the...
• Building codes for energy efficiency--commercial programsBuilding energy codes establish energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings, thereby...
• Building codes for energy efficiency--residential programsBuilding energy codes establish energy efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings, thereby...
• Building completionDate when all but minor components of a project have been built, all equipment is operational and the project...
• Building component1. Physical characteristics of the building such as roofs, walls, and window.
• Building cooling loadThe hourly amount of heat that must be removed from a building to maintain indoor comfort (measured in...
• Building downwashTurbulent wake zones around buildings push pollutants toward the ground instead of upwards.
• Building enclosureBuilding housing a process that meets the requirements of a temporary total enclosure. The EPA Method 204E is...
• Building envelope1. Elements of the building, including all external building materials, windows, and walls, that enclose the...
• Building firewallA wall to prevent the spread of fire; usually made of non-combustible material.
• Building floorThe upward facing structure of a building.
• Building foundationThe supportive structure of a building.
• Building insulation1. Bonded wool fiberglass insulation, having a loss on ignition of less than 8 percent and a density of less...
• Building related illnessDiagnosable illness whose cause and symptoms can be directly attributed to a specific pollutant source within...
• Building roofTop cover of the building. It encloses the internal building space and protects it from the weather.
• Building slabConcrete "floor" poured over the ground between the foundation walls, either at ground floor or basement...
• Building, structure, or facility1. General term referring to human-made structures used for many different purposes. Those uses may involve...
• Building wallThe vertical structural part of the building envelope which defines the periphery of a building
• Built environment1. Man-made or modified structures that provide people with living, working, and recreational spaces.
• Built infrastructureNon-residential private and public buildings; roads and highways are captured under transportation...
• Built-up roofBuilt-up roofs are a class of low-slope roof that consist of layers of reinforcing felt between either...
• Built-up roofing operationOperations involved in the on-site (e.g., at a commercial building) assembly of roofing system components...
• Bulbourethral glandGlands situated on each side of the prostate that secrete a fluid component of the seminal fluid into the...
• Bulk1. Loose cargo (dry or liquid) that is loaded (shoveled, scooped, forked, mechanically conveyed or pumped) in...
• Bulk carrierA ship with specialized holds for carrying dry or liquid commodities, such as oil, grain, ore, and coal, in...
• Bulk container1. Large container that can either be pulled or lifted mechanically onto a service vehicle or emptied...
• Bulk density1. The mass of a soil per unit bulk volume of soil; the mass is measured after all water has been extracted...
• Bulk Electric SystemAs defined by the Regional Reliability Organization, the electrical generation resources, transmission lines...
• Bulk electric system emergencyFailure of transmission facilities or generation supply that could adversely affect the reliability of the...
• Bulk fuel additiveProduct which is added to fuel at the refinery as part of the original blending stream or after the fuel is...
• Bulk gasoline plant1. Any gasoline distribution facility that has a gasoline throughput less than or equal to 75,700 liters per...
• Bulk gasoline terminal1. Any gasoline facility which receives gasoline by pipeline, ship or barge, and has a gasoline throughput...
• Bulk liquidsNoncontainerized liquids deposited directly into a source by pipe, tanker truck, or other means of transport.
• Bulk load processAn automated batch process that can be used to deposit author manuscripts in NIHMS.
• Bulk modulusA modulus of elasticity, relating change in volume to the hydrostatic state of stress. It is the reciprocal...
• Bulk natural gas liquidMixtures of hydrocarbons that have been separated from natural gas as liquids through the process of...
• Bulk oil containerAny container used to store oil. These containers are used for purposes including, but not limited to, the...
• Bulk organicsA class of hydrocarbon compounds including oil and grease.
• Bulk processProcess for producing polyvinyl chloride resin that is characterized by a two-step anhydrous polymerization...
• Bulk resinResin which is produced by a polymerization process in which no water is used.
• Bulk sample1. A small portion (usually thumbnail size) of a suspect asbestos-containing building material collected by...
• Bulk sedimentField collected sediments used to conduct toxicity tests; can contain multiple contaminants and/or unknown...
• Bulk sewage sludgeSewage sludge that is not sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.
• Bulk shipment by waterBulk transportation of hazardous waste which is loaded or carried on board a vessel without containers or...
• Bulk storage tankAny container used to store oil. These tanks are used for purposes including, but not limited to, the storage...
• Bulk tankA refrigerated, stainless steel vessel in which milk is cooled quickly to 2 to 4 C (35 - 39 F) and stored...
• Bulkhead1. A structure or partition to retain or prevent sliding of the land; a secondary purpose is to protect...
• Bulky waste1. Refers to those items that are large enough to warrant special collection services separate from regular...
• Bull1. A sexually mature, uncastrated bovine male.
• BulldozerA highly versatile piece of earth excavating and moving equipment especially useful in land clearing and...
• BullockYoung bull, typically less than 20 months of age.
• BumblefootAn inflammation and, often, swelling of the foot of birds as the result of a bacterial infection.
• BundleMore than one composite wood product, component part, or finished good fastened together for transportation...
• Bundle sheath cellTightly packed cells that form a sheath around the veins of a leaf.
• BundledAn energy attribute certificate that is traded with the underlying energy produced.
• Bundled contractContract where the requirements have been consolidated by bundling,
• Bundled energy certificateAn energy attribute certificate that is traded with the underlying energy produced.
• Bundled serviceA set of services that are joint products (jointly produced outcomes of ecosystem functions and processes) of...
• BunkA feed trough or feeding station for cattle.
• BunkerA flat rectangular structure with concrete floors and walls used to ensile and store forages.
• Bunker fuelFuel supplied to ships and aircraft for international transportation, irrespective of the flag of the...
• Bunkered tank1. A storage tank constructed or placed in the ground by cutting the earth and re-covering it such that the...
• BuoyancyBuoyancy is the upward force resulting from a lighter material contacting a heavier material, such as wood...
• Buoyancy flowCurrent flow created by discontinuity in buoyancy of two juxtaposed water masses of different density...
• Buoyancy induced dispersionDispersion caused by the expansion of a pollutant plume when the warmer buoyant plume rises.
• BupropionA unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but...
• Burden of disease effectImpact of injuries and diseases as measured by an indicator
• Burial groundA disposal site for radioactive waste materials that uses earth or water as a shield.
• Buried/Backfilled Surface ImpoundmentA surface impoundment that has been completely covered with soil or other cover material after the final...
• Burkholderia malleiA species of gram-negative bacteria parasitic on HORSES and DONKEYS causing GLANDERS, which can be...
• Burn pitAn uncovered area on the land surface that is not presently burning but that was at one time used to burn...
• Burned areaAn area burned over by wildland fire.
• BurnersHandlers who burn used oil for energy recovery in boilers, industrial furnaces, or hazardous waste...
• Burning agentThose additives that, through physical or chemical means, improve the combustibility of the materials to...
• Burning for energy recoveryBurning hazardous waste for its heating value as a fuel, and using wastes to produce fuels or as ingredients...
• Burnishing1. Surface finishing process in which minute surface irregularities are displaced rather than removed.
• BurrowingAction of making a hole or tunnel in the ground by an animal, such as a mole, for its habitation or shelter...
• Burrowing mayfliesBottom-dwelling burrowing Mayfly larvae, (Hexagenia), are indicators of high water quality. In the 1950s...
• Bursa of FabriciusA saclike outgrowth of the cloaca of birds that is part of the avian immune system.
• Bus1. Large motor vehicle used to carry more than 10 passengers, includes school buses, intercity buses, and...
• BushelA unit of dry volume typically used to quantify crop yields. One bushel is equivalent to 32 quarts or...
• Business & industry developmentBusiness and Industry Development supports activities related to the creation of economic and business...
• Business caseProvides the justification for an investment. For more information on business cases for major IT...
• Business confidentialityIncludes the concept of trade secrecy and other related legal concepts which give (or may give) a business...
• Business confidentiality claim1. Claim or allegation that business information is entitled to confidential treatment for reasons of...
• Business enterprise1. Person engaged in a business, trade, employment, calling or profession, whether or not all or any part of...
• Business informationInformation which pertains to the interests of any business, which was developed or acquired by that...
• Business interruptionBusiness expenses and loss of income resulting from fire or other insured peril.
• Business machineDevice that uses electronic or mechanical methods to process information, perform calculations, print or copy...
• Business needsAn agency's need to conduct its business, maintain a record of its essential activities and decisions for its...
• Business serviceService that addresses a business need, not necessarily corresponding to a software implementation (i.e., not...
• Business services, see Business service
• Business unitAny segment of an organization, or an entire business organization that is not divided into segments.
• ButachlorPre-emergent herbicide.
• Butadiene1,3-Butadiene is a chemical made from the processing of petroleum. It is the 36th highest volume chemical...
• Butadiene productionFrom the thermal cracking of naphtha or butane
• Butane1. Paraffinic straight-chain hydrocarbon with molecular formula C4H10.
• Butane blending facilityA fuel manufacturing facility where butane is blended into PCG (Previously Certified Gasoline).
• Butterfly valve1. A quarter-turn valve which is closed by rotation of a disk.
• ButtocksEither of two fleshy protuberances at the lower posterior section of the trunk or hip in humans and primate...
• Buttress damDam consisting of a watertight part supported at intervals on the downstream side by a series of buttresses...
• Butyl benzyl phthalateAn ester of phthalic acid, used as a PVC plasticizer.
• Butyl rubberCopolymer of isobutylene and other monomers. Typical other monomers include isoprene and methylstyrene. A...
• ButyleneOlefinic straight-chain hydrocarbon with molecular formula C4H8.
• Buy-back center1. Refers to a facility where individuals or groups of individuals exchange recyclables for payment.
• Buyer1. Entity that receives credits as a result of trade.
• Bycatch1. Fish, sea turtles, sea stars and other aquatic animals that are unintentionally caught in fishing gear...
• Bylaws/Ordinances/CodesLocal legislative action to promote town or regional resilience is noted in the RAINE database.
• Bypass1. The intentional diversion of a wastestream from any portion of a treatment (or pretreatment) facility.
• By-pass deviceDevices which vary the exhaust system gas flow so as to discharge the exhaust gas and acoustic energy to the...
• Bypass diodeA diode connected across one or more solar cells in a photovoltaic module such that the diode will conduct if...
• By-pass ductDevice which diverts a minimum of 10 percent of a cement kiln's off gas, or a device which the Administrator...
• Bypass stack1. Device used for discharging combustion gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device or...
• Bypass/Blender StackStack, duct, or offtake system that is opened to the atmosphere and used to relieve excess pressure by...
• By-product1. Materials, other than the intended product, generated as a result of an industrial process.
• Byproduct1. Product of considerably less value than the major product. For example, the hide and offal are by-products...
• By-product coke oven battery1. Group of ovens connected by common walls, where coal undergoes destructive distillation under positive...
• By-product cokemakingOperations in which coal is heated in the absence of air to produce metallurgical coke (furnace coke and...
• By-product formationCreation of fluorinated GHGs during electronics manufacturing production processes or the creation of...
• Byproduct material1. A legal definition from Section 11(e) of the Atomic Energy Act. As defined by Nuclear Regulatory...
• By-Products, see By-product
• Byproduct/WasteAny liquid or gaseous substance produced at chemical manufacturing plants, petroleum refineries, or pulp and...
• ByssinosisAirway obstruction due to the dust inhaled during the processing of cotton.
• ByssochlamysA genus of ascomycetous mold in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Byssochlamys species are...
• BYTEThe number of bits representing a character to a computer, normally 8 bits.

1,290 of 29,894 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.