Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: B (1,290)

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• Best practicesNew ideas or lessons learned about effective program activities that have been developed and implemented in...
• Best professional judgment1. The method used by permit writers to develop technology-based NPDES permit conditions on a case-by-case...
• Best tracer methodMethod for estimating soil ingestion that allows for the selection of the most recoverable tracer for a...
• Beta, (β)The tolerated probability of a "false negative" (i.e., Type II error). See False Negative. {ORD} {OW/EAD}...
• Beta distribution1. The general formula for the probability density function of the beta distribution is where p and q are the...
• Beta diversityas change along an environmental gradient or among the different communities of a landscape.
• Beta error1. The probability of a type II (false-negative) error. In hypothesis testing, β is the probability of...
• Beta particle1. An electron or positron emitted by the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Beta particles can be stopped by a...
• Beta radiation effectA Beta Radiation Effect involves biological damage caused by beta particles emitted from a radioactive...
• Beta testingPersons outside the project group use thesoftware as they would in normal operation and record any anomalies...
• Beta-binomial distribution1. A statistical distribution of clustered values, e.g., measures on offspring in a litter, where the average...
• Better assessment science integratingA computer-run tool that contains an assessment and planning component that allows users to organize and...
• Better site designAn approach to residential and commercial development that, when properly conducted, can simultaneously...
• Between-group variancesIndications of how the mean and variances of each group differ from the other groups.
• Beverage canAny two-piece steel or aluminum container in which soft drinks or beer, including malt liquor, are packaged...
• Beverage processing fungusFungus used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine
• Beverage processing microorganismParticularly yeasts used in making beer
• Bevill wasteFossil fuel combustion wastes, mining and mineral processing wastes, and cement kiln dust wastes exempt from...
• Bevill wastes, see Bevill waste
• Bias1. Systematic deviation between a measured (i.e., observed) or computed value and its "true" value. Bias is...
• Biased sampleA sample that is not representative of the population to which generalizations are to be made.
• BibliographyA bibliography is a list of references about a particular subject. It can often be found at the end of a work...
• BicyclePedal-driven vehicle with two wheels, one behind the other.
• Bicycle networkA continuous bicycle or multi-use facility that is separate from the vehicular right-of-way but can be shared...
• BicyclingRiding a bicycle for transportation or recreation.
• BiennialA plant that grows from seed and produces leafy growth the first year. In the second year, the plant produces...
• Biennial plant(Plant which completes) the life cycle in two growing seasons.
• Biennial reportA report submitted by hazardous waste LQGs and TSDFs to enable EPA and the states to track the quantities of...
• Big BasinThe first approach at stormwater management, still widely used in the U.S., which involved large retention or...
• Big gameHunted species of large mammals (from deer to elephants.)
• Big HornThe Big Horn River Basin. Montana, Wyoming. Area = 22800 sq.mi.
• Big Sandy-GuyandotteThe Big Sandy and Guyandotte River Basins. Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia. Area = 5900 sq.mi.
• Bight1. A slight indentation in a coast forming an open bay, usually crescent shaped.
• Bike rackFree-standing or anchored units that provide a method for cyclists to secure their bicycles safely.
• Bile acidSteroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually...
• Bile duct1. Any of the ducts conveying bile between the liver and the intestine, including hepatic, cystic, and common...
• Biliary tract1. The system that transports bile from the hepatocytes in the liver to the small intestine. It is comprised...
• Bimetal1. Typically refers to beverage containers with steel bodies and aluminum tops. Steel companies do recycle...
• Bimetallic nanoscale particleParticle which has been used to remediate contaminants in soil and groundwater. BNPs consist of particles of...
• BinRegarding a histogram or frequency distribution, an interval within the range of a random variable for which...
• Binary codeA code using two distinct characters, normally 0 and 1. See also CODE (1).
• Binary dataData that can only have two possible values.
• Binary filesComputer files that are in a machine readable rather than human readable format.
• Binary fissionA type of asexual reproduction of bacteria where the parent cell increases in length and doubles its parts...
• Binary variablesA variable that identifies the presence or absence of a trait, characteristic, opinion, etc.; a "yes/no"...
• Binder application vacuum exhaustExhaust from the vacuum system used to remove excess resin solution from the wet-formed fiberglass mat before...
• Binder chemicalComponent of a system of chemicals used to bind sand together into molds, mold sections, and cores through...
• Bindingthe various methods used to secure loose leaves or sections in a book; e.g. saddle-stitch (also called...
• Binding commitment1. Legal obligation by the State to a local recipient that defines the terms for assistance under the SRF.
• Binomial distribution1. The statistical distribution of the probabilities of observing 0,1,2,- - - ,n events in a sample of n...
• BioaccumulantsSubstances that increase in concentration in living organisms as they take in contaminated air, water, or...
• BioaccumulateThe increase in concentration in living organisms as they take in contaminated air, water, or food because...
• Bioaccumulation1. General term describing a process by which chemicals are taken up by an organism either directly from...
• Bioaccumulation factor1. The ratio of the concentration of a contaminant in an organism to the concentration in the ambient...
• Bioaccumulation potentialEvaluates the tendency for a substance to accumulate in the tissue of an aquatic human food chain organism...
• Bioaccumulation potential factor valueBPFV is a measure based on a hierarchy of three types of data: bioconcentration factor; n - octanol - water...
• Bioaccumulation/biomagnificationA process where chemicals are retained in fatty body tissue and increase in concentration over time...
• Bioaccumulative chemical of concernAny chemical that has the potential to cause adverse effects which, upon entering the surface waters, by...
• Bioaccumulative compound1. A compound that tends to accumulate in tissues and build up in food webs. Some bioaccumulative compounds...
• Bioactivity profilingEvaluation of chemicals and their effects on organisms. This term is typically used to indicate the use of...
• Bioassay1. A method of testing a material's effects on living organisms.
• Bioassessment1. A general term referring to environmental evaluations involving living organisms; can include bioassays...
• Bioassessments, see Bioassessment
• BioaugmentationThe introduction of cultured microorganisms into the subsurface environment for the purpose of enhancing...
• Bioaugmenting microorganismCultured microorganisms introduced into the subsurface environment for the purpose of enhancing...
• Bioavailability1. The degree to which a material in environmental media can be assimilated by an organism.
• BioavailableThe state of a toxicant such that there is increased physicochemical access to the toxicant by an organism...
• Bioavailable nitrogenNitrogen that can be used by life forms
• Biobased product1. The term 'biobased product' as defined by Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (FSRIA), means a product...
• Bio-based ProductsCommercial or industrial products (other than food or feed) that utilize biological products or renewable...
• BiocatalysisAcceleration of a chemical reaction induced by the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the...
• Biochemical hydrolysisA chemical reaction in which a water molecule is added to a compound. This addition often involves the...
• Biochemical Oxidation/ReductionAll electron-transfer reactions are considered oxidation/reduction reactions. The substance gaining electrons...
• Biochemical oxygen demand1. A measure of the oxygen required to break down organic materials in water. Higher organic loads require...
• Biochemical pesticide1. Chemicals that are either naturally occurring or identical to naturally occurring substances such as...
• Biochemical pesticides, see Biochemical pesticide
• Biochemical polymerizationThe act or process of changing to a polymeric form. Polymerization consists of reactions that form a compound...
• Biochemical processA linked series of non-equivalent biochemical interactions and enzymatic reactions, and/or a linked series of...
• Biochemical reactionA chemical process, typically mediated by an enzyme, in which one or more substances (a substrate) are...
• Biochemical reactorAn Engineering Technical Support Center (ETSC) emerging technology that relies on the constant interchange...
• Biochemical responseMeasure of a change in or damage to the blood chemistry of a species as a result of exposure to a contaminant.
• BiochemicalsChemicals that are either naturally occurring or identical to naturally occurring substances. Examples...
• BiochemistryThe study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.
• Biocide1. A substance or chemical that kills organisms such as mold.
• BioconcentrateThe accumulation of a chemical in tissues of a fish or other organism to levels greater than in the...
• Bioconcentration1. A process by which there is a net accumulation of a chemical directly from an exposure medium into an...
• Bioconcentration factor1. Ratio of the concentration of a chemical in an organism to the concentration of the chemical in its...
• BioconversionA general term describing the use of biological systems to transform one compound into another. Examples are...
• Biocriteria1. Narrative or numeric expressions that describe the biological condition (structure and function) of...
• BiocrudeLiquid biointermediate that meets all the following requirements: (1) It is produced at a biointermediate...
• Biodegradability1. Biodegradability is the capability of a substance to break down into simpler substances, especially into...
• Biodegradable1. The ability of a substance to be broken down physically and/or chemically by microorganisms. For example...
• Biodegradable compound1. Following for purposes of the standards: Regarding environmentally acceptable lubricants and greases...
• Biodegradable plasticsOrganic polymeric materials which can be broken down by naturally occurring processes. This includes plastics...
• Biodegradation1. A process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the...
• Biodegradation rate1. As applied to BAT effluent limitations and NSPS for drilling fluids and drill cuttings refers to the...
• Biodegrade1. Decompose into more elementary compounds by the action of living organisms, usually referring to...
• Biodiesel1. A type of biofuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils; animal fats; or recycled...
• Biodiesel distillation bottomsHeavier product from distillation at a biodiesel production facility that does not meet the definition of...
• Biodiesel energyA type of biofuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils; animal fats; or recycled...
• Biodiesel generationA fuel typically made from soybean, canola, or other vegetable oils; animal fats; and recycled grease. It can...
• Biodiversity1. The number and variety of different organisms in the ecological complexes in which they naturally occur...
• BioeconomyThe global industrial transition to sustainably utilizing renewable aquatic and terrestrial resources in...
• Bioenergy croppingThe growing of crops to provide biofuels.
• BioengineeringThe use of vegetation for civil engineering purposes like slope stabilization, water erosion control...
• Biofilm1. A slime layer that develops naturally when bacteria congregate on surfaces.
• BiofilterEnclosed control system such as a tank or series of tanks with a fixed roof that contact emissions with a...
• Biofuel1. A type of fuel produced from plants or other forms of biomass. Examples of biofuels include ethanol...
• Biofuel feedstock productionProcess of growing plants basics of biofuels, such as corn, sugarcane, etc
• Biofuels, see Biofuel
• Biogas1. A type of biofuel that contains methane from landfills, animal waste, sewage, or other decomposing waste...
• Biogas closed distribution systemInfrastructure contained between when biogas is produced and when biogas or treated biogas is used to produce...
• Biogas closed distribution system renewable identification number generatorParty that generates RINs for renewable CNG/LNG in a biogas closed distribution system.
• Biogas producerPerson who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a biogas production facility.
• Biogas production facilityFacility where biogas is produced from renewable biomass under an approved pathway.
• Biogas used as a biointermediateBiogas or treated biogas that a renewable fuel producer uses to produce renewable fuel other than renewable...
• Biogas-derived renewable fuelRenewable CNG/LNG or any other renewable fuel that is produced from biogas or RNG, including from biogas used...
• Biogenic1. Produced by biological processes. For example, organic acids produced by decomposition of plant litter are...
• Biogenic aerosolAerosol emitted by life activities other than human activities, including pollens, spores, and bacteria as...
• Biogenic amine metabolic processBiogenic Amine Metabolism involves anabolic and catabolic biochemical changes to a type of nitrogen...
• Biogenic aminesA group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many...
• Biogenic carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide emissions generated as the result of biomass combustion from combustion units for which...
• Biogenic carbon dioxide emissionCarbon dioxide emissions generated as the result of biomass combustion from combustion units for which...
• Biogenic deep coral reefPersistent structures, formed by deepwater corals, whose growth exceeds (bio) erosion. These reefs result in...
• Biogenic emissions1. Emissions from natural sources, including plants and forests.
• Biogenic geoformPhysical features and landforms that were created by the action of living organisms.
• Biogenic hydrocarbonsBiogenic hydrocarbons are naturally occurring compounds, including VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that are...
• Biogenic processProduced by biological processes. For example, organic acids produced by decomposition of plant litter are...
• Biogenic sedimentary rockBiogenic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of organic remains consisting of both biogenic mineral...
• Biogenic sourceAn air emissions source created by some sort of biological activity. Examples include emissions resulting...
• Biogenic source emission1. An air emissions source created by some sort of biological activity. Examples include emissions resulting...
• Biogenic volatile organic compoundAn organic substance with a high vapor pressure at lower temperatures and was produced by a biological process
• Biogeochemical cycle1. Movements through the Earth system of key chemical constituents essential to life, such as carbon...
• Biogeochemical cyclingIn Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which...
• Biogeochemical modelRepresentation of the biological, geological, and chemical processes which take place in the environment or...
• Biogeographic provinceGeographic areas characterized by specific plant formations and associated fauna.
• BiogeographyThe study of the geographic distributions of organisms, both past and present (Brown and Gibson 1983:557).
• Bioindicator of effectThe measurement of biochemical or physiological changes within an organism that are indicative of biological...
• Bioindicator species1. Animal or plant species which can be used to provide information about the quality of the environment or...
• BioinfiltrationA stormwater management practice where runoff is routed through a soil media that is vegetated. This practice...
• Bioinformatics1. Bioinformatics is the study of molecular biology with the use of information technologies such as...
• Biointermediate1. Feedstock material that is intended for use to produce renewable fuel and meets all of the following...
• Biointermediate import facilityFacility as defined in 40 CFR 1090.80 where a biointermediate is imported from outside the covered location...
• Biointermediate importerPerson who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a biointermediate import facility.
• Biointermediate producerPerson who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a biointermediate production facility.
• Biointermediate production facilityActivities and equipment associated with the production of a biointermediate starting from the point of...
• Biokinetic model comparisonA methodology that compares direct measurements of a biomarker such as blood or urine levels of a toxicant...
• Biologic diversityA measure of the variety of biological organisms.
• Biologic drugComplex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by...
• Biologic transmissionIndirect vector-borne transmission of an infectious agent in which the agent undergoes biologic changes...
• BiologicalFlow resource or emission that is originating from biological or living sources that have 'not' been...
• Biological absorptionThe biological process that follows digestion, by which the products of digestion are transferred into the...
• Biological activityThe effect of the substance on living tissue.
• Biological activity gasCarbon-containing gases which are generated by the breakdown of biomass.
• Biological agentMicroorganisms (typically bacteria, fungi, or algae) or biological catalysts, such as enzymes, that can...
• Biological agent contamination eventHostile introduction into water, air, and soil of microorganisms, in a concentration that makes the medium...
• Biological agent decontaminationRemoval of biological warfare agents such as harmful bacteria or other organisms, from exposed individuals...
• Biological agent sporeSpores of pathogens intended to be deployed to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man.
• Biological analysisAnalytical method associated with relevant biological data, which yields improved understanding of observed...
• Biological assemblagesKey groups of animals and plants -- such as benthic macroinvertebrates, fish, or algae -- that are studied to...
• Biological assessmentUsing biomonitoring data of samples of living organisms to evaluate the condition or health of a place (e.g...
• Biological assessmentsEvaluation of the biological condition of a waterbody using biological surveys and other direct measurements...
• Biological balanceThe interrelationships among organisms, including the structure of food webs and the ability of ecological...
• Biological condition indexAn indicator of watershed health, in terms of aquatic organisms and communities: For example, multimetric...
• Biological contaminant1. Living organisms or derivates (e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens) that can cause...
• Biological contaminants, see Biological contaminant
• Biological controlIn pest control, the use of animals and organisms that eat or otherwise kill or out-compete pests.
• Biological control agent1. Registered pesticide active ingredients that are biological control agents listed in 40 CFR 152.20(a)(3)...
• Biological criteria1. Also known as biocriteria, biological criteria are narrative expressions or numeric values of the...
• Biological degradationAs used in the Superfund Program, the process by which biological agents can reduce or eliminate risks posed...
• Biological detoxificationReduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system...
• Biological diversity1. The variety of life in all forms, levels and combinations, including ecosystem diversity, species...
• Biological diversity or biodiversityThe spectrum of life forms and the ecological processes that support and sustain them. Biological diversity...
• Biological filtrationA water treatment process to convert ammonia to nitrate by combining aeration and biological filtration in a...
• Biological flow resourceFlow resource or emission that is originating from biological or living sources that have 'not' been...
• Biological gradientA regular increase or decrease in a measured biological attribute with respect to space (e.g., below an...
• Biological growthThe activity and growth of any and all living organisms.
• Biological half-lifeThe time required for a biological system (such as a human or animal) to eliminate, by natural processes...
• Biological hazardBiological hazard means any microbial, animal, or botanical hazard. Microbial hazards include viruses...
• Biological heritageThe inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality...
• Biological impairmentDetrimental effect on the biological integrity of a waterbody caused by an impact that prevents attainment of...
• Biological indicatorsAn organism, species, or community whose characteristics show the presence of specific environmental...
• Biological integrity1. The ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, adaptive community of organisms...
• Biological magnificationRefers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain...
• Biological markerAn indicator of changes or events in biological systems. Biological markers of exposure are cellular...
• Biological measurementA measurement taken in a biological medium. For exposure assessment, it is related to the measurement is...
• Biological mechanism1. The process by which a cause induces a biological effect. A biological mechanism is a causal mechanism...
• Biological medium1. One of the major component of an organism; e.g. blood, fatty tissue, lymph nodes or breath, in which...
• Biological moleculeGenetic and molecular material for biological organisms with eukaryotic cells
• Biological monitoring1. Use of a biological entity as a detector and its response as a measure to determine environmental...
• Biological nitrification1. The process by which ammonia is oxidized into nitric acid or another nitrate or nitrite. Biological...
• Biological nutrient removalWastewater treatment technology that uses microorganisms to remove nitrogen and phosphorous from effluent.
• Biological oxidationDecomposition of complex organic materials by microorganisms. Occurs in self-purification of water bodies and...
• Biological oxygen demand1. An indirect measure of the concentration of biologically degradable material present in organic wastes. It...
• Biological pesticide1. A chemical which is derived from plants, fungi, bacteria, or other non-man-made synthesis and which can be...
• Biological pesticides, see Biological pesticide
• Biological plausibilityCausal association (or relationship between two factors) is consistent with existing medical knowledge.
• Biological poisonToxins produced by aquatic plants and microbes when swallowed or touched can sicken or even kill fish...
• Biological poisons, see Biological poison
• Biological pollutant modelRepresentation of processes that involve biological pollutants
• Biological processAn activity occurring within an organism, between organisms or among organisms and the mechanisms underlying...
• Biological process gasA gas resulting from an activity occurring within an organism, between organisms or among organisms and the...
• Biological soil crustAlso called microbiotic, microphytic, cryptobiotic or cryptogamic crusts. A living community of bacteria...
• Biological stressorsOrganisms accidentally or intentionally dropped into habitats in which they do not evolve naturally; e.g...
• Biological surveyCollecting, processing, and analyzing a representative portion of the resident aquatic community to determine...
• BIOlogical SystemSimilar to STORET, it stores biological data for the EPA.
• Biological transportThe movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the...
• Biological treatment1. A treatment technology that uses bacteria to consume organic waste.
• Biological treatment (not elsewhere classified)Biodegradable organic compounds in wastewater are consumed by microorganisms.
• Biological treatment processesMeans of treatment in which bacterial or biochemical action is intensified to stabilize, oxidize, and nitrify...
• Biological (treatment technology category)Biodegradable organic compounds in wastewater are consumed by microorganisms.
• Biological weaponLiving organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during war.
• Biologically based dose response modelA predictive model that describes biological processes at the cellular and molecular level linking the target...
• Biologically effective dose1. The amount of a deposited or absorbed compound reaching the cells or target sites where adverse effect...
• Biologically significant effect1. A response in an organism or other biological system that is considered to have a substantial or...
• Biologicals1. Vaccines, cultures and other preparations made from living organisms and their products, intended for use...
• BiologyOne of the biological Science Disciplines concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth...
• Bioluminescence productionLight production by a chemical reaction that originates in an organism (primarily a marine phenomenon). The...
• Biomagnification1. Result of the process of bioaccumulation and biotransfer by which tissue concentrations of chemicals in...
• BiomanufacturingThe use of biological systems that have been engineered, or that are used outside their natural context, to...
• Biomarker1. Biochemical, physiological, and histological changes in organisms that can be used to estimate either...
• Biomarker model comparisonA methodology that compares results from a biokinetic exposure model to biomarker measurements children...
• Biomarker of effectA measure of disease progression, representing a measurable alteration at the molecular, cellular, or some...
• Biomarker of exposure1. Indicators that infer exposure or environmental concentrations from internal doses of exogenous chemicals...
• Biomarker of susceptibilityA measurement of individual factors that can affect response to environmental agents. Examples include...
• Biomass1. The amount, or weight, of a species, or group of biological organisms, within a specific volume or area of...
• Biomass burningRefers to the burning of vegetation whether by wildfire or manmade causes; agricultural fields are often...
• Biomass co-fired boilerA Boiler using biomass as a supplementary energy source in coal plants.
• Biomass combustion emissionEmission resulting from the combustion of biomass, which is the total dry weight of all living organisms that...
• Biomass energy1. Energy produced by combusting biomass materials such as wood. The carbon dioxide emitted from burning...
• Biomass energy resourceLiving and dead vegetation that can be ignited. Adapted from
• Biomass fired boilerA boiler which uses biomass as its energy source
• Biomass fired boiler emissionAn emission from a boiler which burns biomass
• Biomass-based diesel1. Renewable fuel that has lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions that are at least 50 percent less than baseline...
• Biomass-based sugarSugars ( e.g., dextrose, sucrose, etc.) extracted from renewable biomass under an approved pathway, other...
• BiomeEntire community of living organisms in a single major ecological area.
• Biomedical and dental materialSubstances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical...
• BiomethaneMethane produced from renewable biomass.
• BiomineralizationProcess by which minerals are produced and deposited in bodily structures by living organisms. In vertebrates...
• BiomonitorA species that is sensitive to, and shows measurable responses to, changes in the environment, such as...
• Biomonitoring1. The use of living organisms to test the suitability of effluents for discharge into receiving waters and...
• Biopesticide1. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants...
• Biopesticides, see Biopesticide
• BiopharmingThe production of pharmaceuticals such as edible vaccines and antibodies in plants or domestic animals.
• BiophysicalPertaining to the biological, chemical and physical attributes of an ecosystem or environment.
• Biophysical infiltrationThe process of the diffusion or accumulation in a tissue or cells of a substance not normal to it or in...
• Biophysical processAffecting biological factors or systems, a Biophysical Process is a subatomic, atomic, or molecular process...
• BiophysicsThe study of physical phenomena and physical processes as applied to living things.
• Biopolymer1. Polymers synthesized by living organisms. They play a role in the formation of macromolecular structures...
• BiopowerThe use of biomass feedstock to produce electric power or heat through direct combustion of the feedstock...
• BioreactorMSW landfill or portion of a MSW landfill where any liquid other than leachate (leachate includes landfill...
• Bioreactor microorganismMicroorganisms used in a vessel to carry out a chemical reaction. May be used in waste disposal systems
• BiorefineryA facility that processes and converts biomass into value-added products. These products can range from...
• BioregionAny geographical region characterized by a distinctive flora and fauna.
• Bioremediation1. Use of living organisms to clean up oil spills or remove other pollutants from soil, water, or wastewater...
• Bioremediation & phytoremediationThese terms refer to the ability of trees and vegetation to remove pollution from rainwater. Green roofs and...
• Bioremediation agentMicrobiological cultures, enzyme additives, or nutrient additives that are deliberately introduced into an...
• Bioretention1. Landscaping features adapted to provide on-site removal of pollutants from stormwater runoff. Surface...
• Bioretention siteAlso called a rain garden; an innovative method of stormwater management that retains rainwater and uses...
• Biosafety level codeCoded value specifying an assessment of the potential risk associated with the handling of the biospecimen.
• BiosecurityAny of a broad range of practices enforced at a dairy farm to prevent transmittal of pathogens from other...
• Biosensor1. Analytical device comprising a biological recognition element (e.g. enzyme, receptor, DNA, antibody, or...
• Biosolid1. Sewage sludge that is used or disposed through land application, surface disposal, incineration, or...
• Biosolids, see Biosolid
• Biosphere1. The portion of Earth and its atmosphere that can support life.
• BiostabilizerA machine that converts solid waste into compost by grinding and aeration.
• BiostatisticsThe application of statistics to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection...
• BiostimulationProviding nutrients needed by microorganisms to enhance the conditions for bioremediation.
• BiosurveyCollecting, processing, and analyzing a representative portion of the resident aquatic community to determine...
• BioswaleA relatively wide, shallow, open channel, typically vegetated with turf grasses, with a slight gradient...
• Biosynthetic processFormation of a chemical compound by enzymes, either in the organism or by fragments or fragments or extracts...
• Biota1. All living organisms in a given area.
• Biota-sediment accumulation factorAn empirical partitioning ratio relating concentration in sediment to the concentration in an aquatic...
• Biotechnology1. Techniques that use living organisms or parts of organisms to produce a variety of products (from...
• Biotechnology pharmaceutical agentBiotechnology-derived pharmaceutical agents made from living organisms or their products. Includes...
• BioterrorismThe deliberate release of microbial agents (e.g.,viruses, bacteria, toxins) for the purpose of causing...
• Biotic1. Living or of life.
• Biotic communityA naturally occurring assemblage of plants and animals that live in the same environment and are mutually...
• Biotic cyclePertaining to the living system.
• Biotic environmentThe biological component of an ecosystem, including plants and animals.
• Biotic resourceEmissions or resources that come from the living organisms.
• Biotoxin1. Poisons produced by and derived from the cells or secretions of a living organism, either plant or animal.
• Biotoxins immunoassay test kitDetects biotoxins in drinking water.
• Biotransfer factorAn empirical ratio relating the chemical concentration in biota, such as produce, livestock, or animal...
• Biotransformation1. Conversion of a substance into other compounds by organisms; includes biodegradation.
• BiphenylsBiphenyl compounds. Class of compounds containing two linked benzene rings.
• BirdWarm-blooded vertebrates possessing feathers and belonging to the class Aves.
• Bird air sacThin-walled sacs that communicate with the lungs and are part of the avian respiratory system.
• Bird diseasesUse for diseases of birds not considered poultry, that is, birds in captivity and wild birds; For diseases of...
• Bird fancier's lungA respiratory disorder due to an acquired hypersensitivity to the dust of bird droppings.
• Bird hazardIncrease in the likelihood of bird/aircraft collisions that may cause damage to the aircraft or injury to its...
• Bird migrationRegular, extensive, seasonal movements of birds between their breeding regions and their "wintering" regions...
• Birth cohortGroup of persons born during a particular period or year.
• BisoprololA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and angina...
• Bisphenol ABisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of...
• Bisphenol A exposureContact with or ingestion of the chemical Bisphenol A via eating food or drinking water stored in or...
• BITThe small unit of information (usually either a 0 or a 1) recognizable by a computer. A combination of binary...
• BitmappedAn image that has a too low resolution or linescreen for the output resolution ("That image looks...
• Bitmapped fonta font made up of bitmapped letters, characterized by jagged edges, as opposed to smooth edges.
• BIT-MAPPED graphicsA method of generating images by representing a picture image as a matrix of dots or picture elements, such...
• Bitter pitPits developing on apple fruits which result in a bitter tasting apple. The cause is due to a deficiency of...
• BitternsSaturated brine solution remaining after precipitation of sodium chloride in the solar evaporation process.
• Bitumen1. Gooey, black, high-sulfur, heavy oil extracted from tar sand and then upgraded to synthetic fuel oil. See...
• Bituminous coal1. A dense, black, soft coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material. The most common...
• Bituminous coatingCoating or mastic formulated and recommended for roofing, pavement sealing, or waterproofing that...
• Bituminous cokeA solid fuel made by heating bituminous coal without air.
• Bituminous masticCoating or mastic formulated and recommended for roofing, pavement sealing, or waterproofing that...
• Bituminous resin coatingAny coating that incorporates bitumens as a principal component and is formulated primarily to be applied to...
• BivalveAn aquatic mollusk whose compressed body is enclosed within a hinged shell. For example, clams, oysters and...
• Bivalvia1. A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are...
• Bivariate analysisAn analysis of the relationship between two variables.
• Bivariate dataInformation about two variables.
• Bivariate normal distributionA normal distribution which models two variables of interest. The parameters of the bivariate normal...
• Black and not of Hispanic originPerson having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
• Black box evaluationEvaluation of program outcomes without the benefit of an articulated program theory to provide insight into...
• Black carbonSoot produced from coal burning, diesel engines, cooking fires, wildfires, and other combustion sources...
• Black carbon aerosolBlack carbon (BC) is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter (PM), and is formed by...
• Black individualA person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their...
• Black liquor1. A by product of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of...
• Black liquor gasificationThermochemical conversion of black liquor into a combustible gaseous product.
• Black liquor oxidation systemVessels used to oxidize, with air or oxygen, the black liquor, and associated storage tank(s).
• Black liquor solid1. Dry weight of the solids which enter the recovery furnace in the black liquor.
• Black liquor solids firing rateRate at which black liquor solids are fed to the recovery furnace or the semichemical combustion unit.
• Black LungA diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by accumulation of inhaled carbon or coal dust. The disease can...
• Black oilHydrocarbon (petroleum) liquid with an initial producing gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) less than 0.31 cubic meters...
• Black or African AmericanA person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their...
• Black Rock Desert-HumboldtThe Black Rock Desert and other closed basins that discharge into Northwestern Nevada. California, Nevada...
• Black sandGrains of heavy, dark minerals such as magnetite, limonite, chromite, etc., found in streams which commonly...
• Black sigatokaBlack sigatoka is the most significant disease of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.). Most of the economically...
• Black start engineAn engine whose only purpose is to start up a combustion turbine.
• Black tipAffects wheat, barley.
• Black tip fungusAnother non-mycotoxic fungus that attacks wheat and barley. The name Black Tip or Black Point can generally...
• Black waterLiquid and solid human body waste and the carriage water generated through toilet usage.
• Black-band diseaseA world-wide disease of corals that is characterized by a dark ring, or band, that separates apparently...
• Blackbody radiationRadiation from a theoretically perfect absorber of all incident radiation, which then emits radiation as a...
• BlacklegAn acute clostridial infection of cattle, characterized by swelling beneath the skin due to gas formation in...
• Blackout coatingType of specialty coating applied on selected vehicle surfaces (including areas of the engine compartment...
• Black-out HouseHouses that do not allow any natural light into the building.
• BlackwaterWater that contains animal, human, or food waste.
• Bladder pumpsAlso known as squeeze pumps, bladder pumps operate by the compression of a flexible bladder housed inside the...
• BladeThe aerodynamic surface that catches the wind.
• Blank1. A bottle containing only dilution water or distilled water; the sample being tested is not added. Tests...
• Blank sampleA control sample in which the detector is unexposed and submitted for analysis. Often used to determine...
• Blanket drainPorous zone of large rock formed beneath a valley fill by rolling segregation during wing dumping.
• Blanket insulationRelatively flat and flexible insulation in coherent sheet form, furnished in units of substantial area. Batt...
• Blast cell proliferationMultiplication or reproduction by cell division of immature precursor cells that have not achieved a fully...
• Blast diseaseBlast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is known to be a continuous threat to rice production...
• Blast furnace1. Any reduction furnace to which sinter is charged and which forms separate layers of molten slag and lead...
• Blast furnace gasA combination of gases that can be used as a fuel in certain circumstances. It is produced when iron ore is...
• Blast furnace slipWhen raw materials loaded in the top of the furnace fail to descend smoothly in the furnace and bind together...
• Blasting gritA type of industrial abrasive used to shape, cut, sharpen, polish, or finish surfaces and materials.
• Bleach plantAll process equipment used for bleaching beginning with the first application of bleaching agents (e.g...
• Bleach plant effluentThe total discharge of process wastewaters from the bleach plant from each physical bleach line operated at...
• BleachingBrightening of pulp by the addition of oxidizing chemicals or reducing chemicals.
• Bleaching agentChemical that acts by oxidizing stains to break them down and remove color.
• Bleaching lineGroup of bleaching stages arranged in series such that bleaching of the pulp progresses as the pulp moves...
• Bleaching stageAll process equipment associated with a discrete step of chemical application and removal in the bleaching...
• Bleaching systemAll process equipment after high-density pulp storage prior to the first application of oxidizing chemicals...
• Bleedlayout, type or pictures that extend 1/8" beyond the trim marks on a page that designers must allow if they...
• Blend fertilizerMixture of dry, straight and mixed fertilizer materials.
• Blended cementCement may contain latex, mineral blends, or epoxy.
• Blended water distribution systemA drinking water supply system which can or does combine (e.g., via connecting valves) water from more than...
• Blender pumpAny fuel dispenser where PCG is blended with E85 (made only with PCG and DFE) or DFE to produce gasoline that...
• BlendingThe process of mixing two or more petroleum products with different properties to produce a finished product...
• Blending componentSame meaning as “Gasoline blending stock, blendstock, or component” as defined at § 80.2(s), for which the...
• Blending manufacturerAny person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a fuel blending facility in the United States.
• Blendstock1. Petroleum products used for blending or compounding into finished motor gasoline. These include RBOB...
• BlightGeneral term for sudden, severe, and extensive spotting, discoloration, wilting, or destruction of leaves...
• Blights, see Blight
• Blind quarterA quarter of an udder that does not secrete milk or one that has an obstruction in the teat that prevents the...
• Blind sample1. A reference sample submitted to the analyst in such a manner that the sample is known as a reference...
• Blind spikesDetectors exposed to known radon or decay product concentrations and submitted for analysis without being...
• Blind thrust faultA thrust fault that does not rupture all the way up to the surface so there is no evidence of it on the...
• Blind wellA well drilled using horizontal directional drilling with only an entry hole, through which the well...
• BLIPIn microform records, an optical mark, usually rectangular, located below and/or above an image on a roll of...
• Blister agentChemical that severely blisters the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin on contact.
• Block1. One or more chronological segments of cutoff, or closed, records that are in the same series and are dealt...
• Block averageAn average of data points collected over any specified, continuous 180-minute block of time (e.g., a 3-hour...
• Block copolymersCopolymers where the repeating units are in varying length blocks.
• Block polymerPolymer where the polymerization is controlled, usually by performing discrete polymerization steps, such...
• Block (Water), see Block
• BlockageAny obstruction that interferes with the movement of a fluid. This term is most often used to describe an...
• Blocked operationProcess unit that manufactures different chemical products by periodically alternating raw materials fed to...
• Blocking diodeA semiconductor connected in series with a solar cell or cells and a storage battery to keep the battery from...
• Blog1. A blog is a website frequently updated with different entries, links to other websites, and comments, all...
• Blood1. A tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid...
• Blood agentPoison that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood
• Blood cellA general term describing the three cellular components of blood (white blood cells, red blood cells, and...
• Blood chemistry measurementA procedure in which a sample of blood is examined to measure the amounts of certain substances made in the...
• Blood circulationThe flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the...
• Blood enzyme levelMeasure of a change in the enzymes normally present in the blood of a species as a result of exposure to a...
• Blood plateletA type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called a thrombocyte.
• Blood pressure regulationControl of pressure of the blood on the arteries and other blood vessels.
• Blood product1. Any product derived from human blood, including but not limited to blood plasma, platelets, red or white...
• Blood products, see Blood product
• Blood serum proteinProteins that are present in blood serum, including serum albumin, blood coagulation factors, and many other...
• Blood to air partition coefficientA ratio of a chemical's concentration between blood and air when at equilibrium.
• Blood urea nitrogen measurementA quantitative measurement of the amount of urea nitrogen present in a serum sample.
• Blood vessel1. A tubular structure through which the blood circulates in the body. Blood vessels constitute a network...
• Blood-air barrierThe barrier between capillary blood and alveolar air comprising the alveolar epithelium and capillary...
• Blood-aqueous barrierThe selectively permeable barrier, in the eye, formed by the nonpigmented layer of the epithelium of the...
• Bloodborne diseases(Diseases caused by) infectious organisms in the blood, of which the predominant medical interest is their...
• Blood-borne pathogen1. Infectious organisms in the blood, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of...
• Blood-brain barrier1. A network of blood vessels with closely spaced cells that makes it difficult for potentially toxic...
• Blood-glucose regulationThe negative feedback cycle involving insulin and glucagon.
• Blood-nerve barrierThe barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the endothelium ( endothelium , vascular) of...
• Blood-retinal barrierA specialized transport barrier, in the eye, formed by the retinal pigment epithelium, and the endothelium of...
• Blood-testis barrierA specialized barrier, in the testis, between the interstitial blood compartment and the adluminal...
• Bloom1. A dense population of algae fueled by excess nutrients. Algae blooms rob the Bay's aquatic life of...
• Bloom (Algal), see Bloom
• Blow moldingBlow molding is used to manufacture bottles and other hollow or lightweight objects. The basic technique of...
• Blowdown1. Minimum discharge of recirculating water for the purpose of discharging materials contained in the water...
• Blowdown vent stack emissionNatural gas and/or CO2 released due to maintenance and/or blowdown operations including compressor blowdown...
• Blower doorA device used by energy auditors to pressurize a building to locate places of air leakage and energy loss.
• Blower Motor Controls which Limit Waste EnergyMethod of controlling fan and blower speeds which does not use resistive elements to decrease the voltage...
• BlowingOperating mode for a batch copper converter during which air or oxygen-enriched air is injected into the...
• Blowing agentSubstance that makes a gas which when foaming, makes a cellular product of the original material as the...
• Blowing still1. Equipment in which air is blown through asphalt flux to change the softening point and penetration rate.
• Blowing tapAny tap in which an evolution of gas forces or projects jets of flame or metal sparks beyond the ladle...
• Blown foamAn expanded matrix (resembles a sponge).
• Blowout preventerA special assembly of heavy-duty valves, commonly called the BOP stack, installed on top of a well which can...
• BlowoutsSaucer-shaped gaps in dunes.
• Blue carbonCarbon stored in the Earth's marine and coastal ecosystems.
• Blue eye disease of cornPrimarily a storage mold. Enhanced by prolonged wet-holding periods, especially on cob stored corn in cribs.
• Blue roofA practice that is designed to provide temporary storage of stormwater and slowly release stormwater runoff...
• Blue roofs, see Blue roof
• Blue Sky Series engine1. Nonroad engine meeting the requirements of § 89.112(f).
• Blue stainA bluish or grayish discoloration of the sapwood caused by the growth of certain dark-colored fungi on the...
• Blue-eye fungusBlue-eye mold occurs in stored corn with high moisture content. Blue-eye damage is caused by species of...
• Blue-green algae1. A group of phytoplankton and periphyton organisms with a blue pigment in addition to a green pigment...
• Blueline proofa now outdated proofing process. This term refers to a proof made from the actual printing plates, so-called...
• Blue-stain fungusA bluish or grayish discoloration of sapwood caused by the growth of certain dark-colored fungi on the...
• BluffA high bank or bold headland with a broad, precipitous, sometimes rounded cliff face overlooking a plain or...
• BMCL1. A statistical lower confidence limit on the dose or concentration at the BMD or BMC, respectively.
• BMDL1. A statistical lower confidence limit on the dose or concentration at the BMD or BMC, respectively.
• BMP systemA combination of two or more individual BMPs into a "system" that functions to reduce the same pollutant.
• Boar1. A term for a male domestic swine suitable for breeding.
• Board insulationSemi-rigid insulation preformed into rectangular units having a degree of suppleness, particularly related to...
• BOD51. The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed in five days by biological processes breaking down organic matter.
• Bodily injuryBodily injury, sickness, disease, mental anguish injury, shock, or building-related illness sustained by any...
• Bodily injury liability insuranceThis coverage protects an insured against legal liability for injury to another person arising from pollution...
• Body burden1. The concentration or total amount of a substance in a living organism; implies accumulation of a substance...
• Body burden model(Modeling of) the amount of a chemical stored in the body at a given time, especially a potential toxin in...
• Body fluidLiquid emanating or derived from humans and limited to blood; dialysate; amniotic, cerebrospinal, synovial...
• Body mass indexThe ratio of weight and height squared.
• Body regionNamed areas of the body.
• Body temperatureThe measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.
• Body temperature regulationThe processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.
• Body waveA body wave is a seismic wave that moves through the interior of the earth, as opposed to surface waves that...
• Boeuf-TensasThe Boeuf and Tensas River Basins. Arkansas, Louisiana. Area = 5300 sq.mi.
• Bog1. A type of wetland that accumulates appreciable peat deposits. Bogs depend primarily on precipitation for...
• Boiler1. A vessel or tank where heat produced from the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, fuel oil, or coal...
• Boiler by fuelBoiler organized by fuel type
• Boiler feed pumpDevice used to pump feedwater into a steam boiler at an EGU. The water may be either freshly supplied or...
• Boiler feed waterInput water utilized by a boiler.
• Boiler feedwater pumpDevice used to pump feedwater into a steam boiler at an EGU. The water may be either freshly supplied or...
• Boiler shutdown1. Period in which cessation of operation of a boiler is initiated for any purpose. Shutdown begins when the...
• Boiler startup1. Either the first-ever firing of fuel in a boiler for the purpose of supplying useful thermal energy (such...
• Boiler systemBoiler and associated components, such as, feedwater systems, combustion air systems, fuel systems (including...
• Boiler tune-upAdjustments made to a boiler in accordance with the procedures outlined in § 63.11223(b).
• Boiling pointThe temperature at which a component's vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. Boiling point is a...
• BollSeed capsule of the cotton plant.
• BommeIndividual, massive coral colonies - usually with a boulder or mound-like shape.
• BondA bond is a formal agreement by the importer to forfeit a specified sum of money, based on the value of the...
• Bond breakerCoating formulated and recommended for application between layers of concrete to prevent a freshly poured top...
• Bonded fiberglassWool fiberglass to which a phenol-formaldehyde binder has been applied.
• Bonding maskantTemporary coating used to protect selected areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions...
• Bone marrow1. The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow...
• Bone mineralizationProcess by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.
• Bone remodelingThe continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption...
• Bonnet(BON-it) The cover on a gate valve.
• Boolean operators1. AND, OR, and NOT are Boolean Operators. These three words can be used to make a query in a literature...
• Boom1. A temporary floating barrier used to contain an oil spill.
• BoosterNatural gas transmission equipment which increases the pressure of the gas.
• BootThe time when the head is enclosed by the sheath of the uppermost leaf.
• Bootstrap1. A statistical method of resampling data use to estimate variance and bias of an estimator and provide...
• Bootstrap method1. A method of sampling actual data at random, with replacement, to derive an estimate of a population...
• BoraginalesA major group of flowering plants including herbs, shrubs, and trees
• BoranginaceaThe forget-me-not family of flowering plants which are generally herbaceous.
• BoratesBoron-containing oxyanions. Salts of Boric acid. H3BO3.
• Border diseaseCongenital disorder of lambs caused by Border disease virus. Lambs exhibit abnormally hairy birth-coat...
• Border disease virusA species of Prestivirus causing a congenital sheep disease characterized by an abnormally hairy birth-coat...
• Border irrigation infrastructureInfrastructure to support an irrigation system for sloping land in which parallel levees are built and the...
• Border issuesHuman health and ecosystem protection along U.S. shared borders with Mexico and Canada.
• BorderlandAn area of the continental margin (between the shoreline and the continental slope) that is topographically...
• Borehole1. Hole made with boring (drilling) equipment. Also used in reference to hole made by DP equipment, but "DP...
• Borehole television or videoA downhole television camera; see acoustic-televiewer definition.
• Borehole-compensatedProbes designed to reduce the extraneous effects of the borehole and of probe position are called...
• Boric acidsInorganic and organic derivatives of boric acid either B(OH)3 or, preferably H3BO3.
• Boring logsThe record of formations penetrated, drilling progress, record of depth of water, location of contaminants...
• Born-digital dataData available only in digital form and preserved only electronically.
• Boron mineralBoron minerals mostly sodium borates.
• Borosilicate recipeGlass product composition of the following approximate ranges of weight proportions: 60 to 80 percent silicon...
• Borrelia burgdorferiA specific species of bacteria, part of the Borrelia burgdorferi group, whose common name is Lyme disease...
• Borrelia burgdorferi Infection1. An infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Early manifestations of infection may...
• Borrow pitAn excavation site outside the limits of construction that provides necessary material, such as fill material...
• Botanical pesticideA pesticide whose active ingredient is a plant-produced chemical such as nicotine or strychnine.
• BotanyThe study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.
• Botrytis bunch rotFungal disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, appearing as fuzzy growth on fruits such as grapes and destroying...
• Botrytis cinereaInfection of grape berries by Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. [teleomorph = Botrvo tin ia fuckeliana (de Bary)...

1,290 of 29,894 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.