Environment terminology · MLC-0121

Environment terms: C (3,254)

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• Coal preparation plantFacility where coal is subjected to cleaning, concentrating, or other processing or preparation in order to...
• Coal preparation plant associated areaCoal preparation plant yards, immediate access roads, coal refuse piles and coal storage piles and facilities.
• Coal preparation plant water circuitAll pipes, channels, basins, tanks, and all other structures and equipment that convey, contain, treat, or...
• Coal processing and conveying equipmentAny machinery used to reduce the size of coal or to separate coal from refuse, and the equipment used to...
• Coal processing plantFacility where coal is washed,crushed, sorted and prepared to be taken to market..
• Coal refuse1. Waste-products of coal mining, cleaning, and coal preparation operations (e.g. culm, gob, etc.) containing...
• Coal refuse disposal pileAny coal refuse deposited on the earth and intended as permanent dispoal or long-term storage (greater than...
• Coal remining operationCoal mining operation at a site on which coal mining was previously conducted and where the site has been...
• Coal reserveVirgin and (or) accessed parts of a coal reserve base which could be economically extracted or produced at...
• Coal resourceNaturally occurring concentrations or deposits of coal in the Earth's crust, in such forms and amounts that...
• Coal seamA bed or stratum of coal.
• Coal storage systemAny facility used to store coal except for open storage piles.
• Coal strip mineAn opencut mine in which the overburden is removed from a coal bed before the coal is taken out.
• Coal, sub-bituminous coalA coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel...
• Coal tar oilLiquid containing various hydrocarbons which is distilled from coal tar.
• Coal transfer and loading systemAny facility used to transfer and load coal for shipment.
• Coal wastewater treatment facilityAll structures which contain, convey, and as necessay, chemically or physically treat coal rine drainage...
• Coal wastewater treatment systemAll structures which contain, convey, and as necessay, chemically or physically treat coal rine drainage...
• Coal zoneA series of laterally extensive and (or) lenticular coal beds and associated strata that arbitrarily can be...
• Coalbed methane1. Coalbed methane is methane contained in coal seams, and is often referred to as virgin coalbed methane, or...
• Coalbed methane emission(Emission of) methane contained in coal seams, and is often referred to as virgin coalbed methane, or coal...
• Coal-derived fuelAny fuel (whether in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state) produced by the mechanical, thermal, or chemical...
• Coal-fired combustion1. Combustion of fuel consisting of coal or any coal-derived fuel (except a coal-derived gaseous fuel that...
• Coal-fired electric generating unit1. Any coal-fired EGU that is not a coal-fired EGU in the “unit designed for low rank virgin coal”...
• Coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit1. Electric utility steam generating unit that burns coal, coal refuse, or a synthetic gas derived from coal...
• Coal-fired steam generating unitelectric utility steam generating unit or IGCC unit that meets the definition of “fossil fuel-fired” and that...
• Coal-fired utility unitUtility unit in which the combustion of coal (or any coal-derived fuel) on a Btu basis exceeds 50.0 percent...
• Coal-only heaterEnclosed, coal-burning appliance capable of space heating, or domestic water heating, which has all of the...
• Coarse particlesParticles with diameters generally larger than 2.5 micrometers (µm) and smaller than, or equal to, 10 µm in...
• Coarse particulate matter"Inhalable coarse particles," such as those found near roadways and dusty industries, are larger than 2.5...
• Coarse sedimentParticles that are typically considered gravel-sized and larger; generally transported as bedload.
• Coarse woody debrisA large tree part, conventionally a piece greater than 10 cm in diameter and 1 m in length.
• CoastA strip of land of indefinite length and width (may be tens of kilometers) that extends from the seashore...
• Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 & 1999To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for the Coast Guard, and for other purposes.
• Coast Guard District Response GroupAs provided for by CWA sections 311(a)(20) and (j)(3), means the entity established by the Secretary of the...
• Coast lineDefined as in the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301(c)) to mean ``the line of ordinary low water along that...
• Coastal areaGenerally means an area influenced by both the body of water and dry land
• Coastal currentA current which flows roughly parallel to the shore and constitutes a relatively uniform drift in the deeper...
• Coastal erosionThe wearing away of land or the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave...
• Coastal flatA general term for a level (or nearly level) surface or area of land marked by little or no relief; flats are...
• Coastal floodingFlooding that occurs from storms where water is driven onto land from an adjacent body of water. These can be...
• Coastal forcingThe natural processes that drive coastal hydro- and morphodynamics (e.g. winds, waves, tides, etc).
• Coastal infrastructureHard (seawalls, revetments) and/or soft (beach nourishment, dune restoration) engineering of or within an...
• Coastal inundationThe flooding of normally dry, low-lying coastal land, primarily caused by severe weather events along the...
• Coastal plain1. The level land downstream of the piedmont and fall line, where soils are generally finer and fertile and...
• Coastal plan or coastal element in other planPlans that address natural and man-made conditions that threaten the health of coastal ecosystems or...
• Coastal processTerm covering the action of natural forces on the shoreline, and the nearshore seabed.
• Coastal protectionAddresses coastal ecosystem vulnerabilities to climate change, such as sea level rise affecting marsh...
• Coastal upwelling frontA frontal interface where a nearshore upwelling occurs due to local turbulent mixing. The upwelling front...
• Coastal waterMarine systems that lie between the mean highwater mark of the coastal baseline and the shelf break, or...
• Coastal waters, see Coastal water
• Coastal zone1. Lands and waters adjacent to the coast that exert an influence on the uses of the sea and its ecology, or...
• Coastal Zone Management ActTo establish a national policy and develop a national program for the management, beneficial use, protection...
• Coastally trapped waveA wave that moves along the coastal margin, which forms a trapping barrier.
• Coastline1. The line that forms the boundary between the coast and the shore or the line that forms the boundary...
• Coat proteinThe outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.
• Coater1. Equipment used to apply amended (filled or modified) asphalt to the top and bottom of the substrate...
• CoatingMethod used to measure skin surface area, in which either the whole body or specific body regions are coated...
• Coating applicationProcess by which the coating mix is applied to the base substrate.
• Coating application station1. That portion of the large appliance surface coating operation where a prime coat or a top coat is applied...
• Coating application volatile organic compound contentProduct of Method 24 VOC analyses or formulation data (if the data are demonstrated to be equivalent to...
• Coating applicator1. Apparatus used to apply a coating to a continuous base substrate.
• Coating applied solventAll organic solvent contained in the adhesive, release, and precoat formulations that is metered into the...
• Coating as applied1. Condition of a coating at the time of application to the substrate, including any thinning solvent.
• Coating as purchased1. Condition of a coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, or finishing material as delivered to the affected...
• Coating as suppliedCondition of a coating before any thinning, as sold and delivered by the coating manufacturer to the user.
• Coating blowProcess in which air is blown through hot asphalt flux to produce coating asphalt. The coating blow starts...
• Coating composition stageThe composition of coatings, i.e. the actual amount of hazardous air pollutant and solids present vary by...
• Coating container1. Container from which the coating is applied, including but not limited to a bucket or pot.
• Coating equipmentEquipment used to apply a material apply onto or impregnate a substrate for protective, decorative, or...
• Coating lineAny number or combination of adhesive, release, or precoat coating applicators, flashoff areas, and ovens...
• Coating material1. Elastomer, polymer, or prepolymer material applied as a thin layer to a textile web. Such materials...
• Coating mix preparation equipment1. All mills, mixers, holding tanks, polishing tanks, and other equipment used in the preparation of the...
• Coating mixerEquipment used to mix coating asphalt and a mineral stabilizer, prior to applying the stabilized coating...
• Coating operation1. Use of a spray booth for the application of a single type of coating (e.g., prime coat); the use of the...
• Coating solid1. Part of the coating which remains after the coating is dried or cured; solids content is determined using...
• Coating solids applied1. Solids content of the coated adhesive, release, or precoat as measured by Method 24.
• Coating solids transfer efficiency1. Ratio of the amount of coating solids deposited onto the surface of a part or product to the total amount...
• Coating solids volume fractionRatio of the volume of coating solids (also known as volume of nonvolatiles) to the volume of coating; liters...
• Coating substrate1. Surface to which a coating is applied.
• Coating unitSeries of one or more coating applicators and any associated drying area and/or oven wherein a coating is...
• Coatings, see Coating
• Coatings by compositionCoatings categorized by their major components
• Coatings by layerCoatings categorized by the order in which they are applied to the substrate.
• Coaxial cableA type of cable commonly used in cable television systems which is composed of two concentric conductors: an...
• Cobalt and cobalt compoundsIncludes any unique chemical substance that contains cobalt as part of that chemical's infrastructure.
• Cobalt compounds (inorganic compounds: 0.1; organic compounds: 1.0)Includes any unique chemical substance that contains cobalt as part of that chemical's infrastructure. Cobalt...
• Cobalt dioxide batteryA rechargeable lithium battery which has a lithium cobalt dioxide cathode
• Cobble beachesRock chunks made of durable rock generally 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches) in diameter.
• Co-Benefit1. The benefits of policies that are implemented for various reasons at the same time including climate...
• Co-Benefits, see Co-Benefit
• CobenefitsReductions to pollutants emitted at a source other than the target pollutant that occur when a control...
• Co-carcinogenAn agent that, when administered with a carcinogen, enhances the activity of the carcinogen.
• CocarcinogenAn agent that, when administered with a carcinogen, enhances the activity of the carcinogen.
• CoccidiaA subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also found in...
• Coccidiosis1. A parasitic infection caused by Coccidia. It affects livestock, birds and humans. In humans the parasite...
• CoccoideaA large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is...
• CoccolithophoreA single-celled marine plant that lives in large numbers throughout the upper layers of the ocean.
• Cochliobolus sativusThe commonly-known teleomorph of Bipolaris sorokiniana is a plant pathogen infecting small grains.
• Co-control benefitIt is the additional benefit derived from an environmental policy that is designed to control one type of...
• Coconut fiber rollCylindrical structures composed of coconut husk fibers bound together with twine woven from coconut material...
• CocoonThe silk coverings of pupae which are spun by larvae.
• Code1. Instructions, written in the syntax of a computer language, which provide the computer with a logical...
• Code libraryA set of routines that perform specific functions and that are ready to be used in developing software...
• Code of Federal Regulations1. A periodic publication of the regulations established by U.S. law.
• Code setA set of valid values for a data field. Normally used on "pick lists" to populate a data field.
• Codebook1. A document which lists the variables in a dataset, possible values for each variable, and the definitions...
• Codification1. The process of placing a rule in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 40 CFR 272 identifies the specific...
• Coding1. The process of converting information obtained on a subject or unit into coded values (typically numeric)...
• Coding regionA sequence of DNA, bounded by start and stop codons, which consists of a series of nucleotide bases that...
• Coding strandthe strand of duplex DNA which contains the same base sequence (after substituting Uracil for Thymine) found...
• Codominance1. Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed.
• Codon1. In DNA or RNA, a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a certain amino acid or signals the...
• CoefficientA value expressing the degree to which some characteristic or relation is to be found in specified instances.
• Coefficient of hazeA measurement of visibility interference in the atmosphere.
• Coefficient of performanceIndicates the heating efficiency of ground-source and water-source heat pumps. More specifically, it is the...
• Coefficient of skewnessMost commonly used measure of skewness. It is influenced by the presence of outliers because it is calculated...
• Coefficient of variation1. A measure of precision, calculated as the standard deviation (s or s) of a set of values divided by the...
• CoelenteronThe gastrovascular (digestive) cavity of a cnidarian or ctenophore.
• CoelomAn internal fluid-filled body cavity within a coelomate organism. It lies between the gut and the outer body...
• CoenenchymeAll of the mesenchymal tissue, perforated with channels, that is common to all polyps of a colonial cnidarian.
• CoenosarcThe living tissue of a cnidarian polyp, consisting of the outer, nonciliated epidermis and the inner...
• Coenzymes1. Small molecule that is required for the catalytic function of enzymes. Many vitamins are coenzymes.
• CofactorA nonprotein substance required for certain enzymes to function. Cofactors can be coenzymes or metallic ions.
• Coffee makerElectrically or manually operated appliance used for preparing coffee for consumption. Electrically or...
• Co-fireBurning of two fuels in the same combustion unit; e.g., coal and natural gas, or oil and coal.
• Co-fired combustorUnit combusting hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste with other fuels or wastes (e.g., coal...
• Cofired combustor1. Unit combusting municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (e.g., coal, industrial process...
• Co-fired process heaterProcess heater that employs burners that are designed to be supplied by both gaseous and liquid fuels on a...
• Cogeneration1. The generation of electricity and the capture and use of otherwise wasted heat energy byproducts...
• Cogeneration systemIntegrated group, at a source, of equipment (including a boiler, or combustion turbine, and a steam turbine...
• Cogeneration unit1. Stationary, fossil-fuel-fired boiler or stationary, fossil-fuel-fired combustion turbine:(1) Having...
• Cognitive disordersA category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by a deficit in cognition or memory.
• Cognizant agencyThe Federal agency responsible for reviewing, negotiating, and approving cost allocation plans or indirect...
• Coherence1. A measure of the similarity of two oscillating functions.
• CohesionMolecular attraction which holds two particles together.
• Cohort1. A group of people within a population that can be aggregated because the variation in a characteristic of...
• Cohort study1. An epidemiologic study comparing those with an exposure of interest to those without the exposure. These...
• CoilStrip of basis material rolled into a roll for handling.
• Coil coatingProcess of converting basis material strip into coated stock. Usually cleaning, conversion coating, and...
• Coil tubing cleanoutProcess where an operator runs a string of coil tubing to the packed proppant within a well and jets the well...
• Coiled hyphaTightly curved, thin, branching filament which makes up the mycelium of a fungus
• Co-impact pollutantPollutants other than the target pollutant that are impacted by applying a control measure - the impacts may...
• Co-impact Pollutants, see Co-impact pollutant
• Coincidental chemical manufactureCoincidental production of an EPCRA Section 313 chemical (e.g., as a byproduct or impurity) as a result of...
• Coincidental manufactureCoincidental production of an EPCRA Section 313 chemical (e.g., as a byproduct or impurity) as a result of...
• Coin-operated dry cleaning machineDry cleaning machine that is operated by the customer (that is, the customer places articles into the...
• Co-insuranceCo-participation that involves the payment by the insured of a predetermined proportion of all costs above...
• CokeProcessed form of coal that serves as the basic fuel for the smelting of iron ore.
• Coke breezeFine coke particles.
• Coke Burn-off1. Coke removed from the surface of the fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst by combustion in the catalyst...
• Coke oven1. An industrial process which converts coal into coke, one of the basic materials used in blast furnaces for...
• Coke oven batteryEither a byproduct or nonrecovery coke oven battery.
• Coke oven battery design capacityOriginal design capacity of a coke oven battery, expressed in megagrams per year of furnace coke.
• Coke oven by-product ammonium sulfate manufacturing plantAny plant which produces ammonium sulfate by reacting sulfuric acid with ammonia recovered as a by-product...
• Coke oven doorEach end enclosure on the pusher side and the coking side of an oven. The chuck, or levelerbar, door is part...
• Coke oven gasVolatile constituents generated in the gaseous exhaust during the carbonization of bituminous coal to form...
• Coke oven gas wet desulfurization systemThose systems that remove sulfur and sulfur compounds from coke oven gas and generate process wastewater.
• Coke oven processAn industrial process which converts coal into coke, one of the basic materials used in blast furnaces for...
• Coke oven shutdownOperation that commences when pushing has occurred on the first oven with the intent of pushing the coke out...
• Coke oven startupThat operation that commences when the coal begins to be added to the first oven of a coke oven battery that...
• CokemakingProduction of coke from coal in either a by-product coke oven battery or a non-recovery coke oven battery.
• CokingSevere method of thermal cracking used to upgrade heavy residuals into lighter products or distillates...
• Coking ovenThermal process unit that operates at a peak temperature typically between 540° and 870 °C (1000° and 1600...
• Coking reactorArea of the coke oven where physical and/or chemical transformation occurs.
• Cold air dammingThe phenomenon in which a low-level cold air mass is trapped topographically. Often, this cold air is...
• Cold cleaning machineAny device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to...
• Cold cloudA cloud, of which at least a part is at an height where the temperature is below 0 degrees Centigrade.
• Cold core ringAn eddy that forms when a boundary current meander pinches off and closes, trapping a parcel of colder water...
• Cold frontA zone separating two air masses, of which the cooler, denser mass is advancing and replacing the warmer.
• Cold mix asphaltAsphalt and aggregate mixture composed of binders, soaps, or other chemicals which allow its use when cold
• Cold rollingProcess of rolling a workpiece below the recrystallization temperature of the copper or copper alloy.
• Cold temperature COA standard for automobile emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to be met at a low temperature (i.e. 20...
• Cold temperature federal emission test procedureTest performed under the provisions of subpart C of part 86 of this chapter.
• Cold top electric furnaceAll-electric glass-melting furnace that operates with a temperature of 120 °C (250 °F) or less as measured at...
• Cold water coral reefReefs formed by deepwater azooxanthellate (i.e., lacking symbiotic algae), stony corals (Order Scleractinia)...
• Cold worked pipe and tubeCold forming operations that process unheated pipe and tube products using either water or oil solutions for...
• Coldblooded vertebrateSpecies such as fishes and reptiles, which have blood that varies in temperature to approximately that of the...
• ColdFusionColdFusion is a database gateway application created by Macromedia that uses its own server-side code called...
• Cold-idle coke oven batteryExisting coke oven battery that has been shut down, but is not dismantled.
• Cold-weather equipmentLimited to the following types of handheld equipment: chainsaws, cut-off saws, clearing saws, brush cutters...
• ColeopteraINSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies...
• ColeoptileEphemeral, nonpigmented tissue sheathing the first true leaf of a grass (maize) seedling.
• Coliform1. A group of related bacteria whose presence in drinking water may indicate contamination by disease-causing...
• Coliform bacteria1. A normally harmless type of bacteria that resides in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals and...
• Coliform indexA rating of the purity of water based on a count of fecal bacteria.
• Coliform organism1. Microorganisms found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Their presence in water indicates...
• Coliforms, see Coliform
• Coliphage1. Viruses that infect and replicate in coliform bacteria. They are indicative of sewage contamination of...
• Collaborative software developmentIndividuals work together to develop software acceptable to all
• CollagensThe protein substance of the collagenous fibers (white fibers) of skin, tendon, bone, cartilage and all other...
• Collateral materialPrinted material, generally controlled by and published by an organization to support its communications...
• Collecting mainAny apparatus that is connected to one or more offtake systems and that provides a passage for conveying...
• Collecting main repairAny measure to stop a collecting main leak on a long-term basis. A repair measure in general is intended to...
• Collection and control system design planPlan that describes the collection and control system that will capture the gas generated within an MSW...
• Collection centersCenters that accept used oil from multiple sources, including both businesses and private citizens.
• Collection frequencyNumber of times collection is provided in a given period of time.
• Collection requirementRequirement in § 449.11 for the permittee to collect available ADF.
• Collection sewer1. Pipes used to collect and carry wastewater from individual sources to an interceptor sewer that will carry...
• Collection SystemInfrastructure that conveys gas or liquids from the well site to another location for treatment, storage...
• Collections & listsLists of links, bibliographies, recommended resource lists, hubs, etc.
• Collections & receivablesCollections and Receivables includes deposits, fund transfers, and receipts for sales or service.
• Collective bargaining - basicAgency guidance, advice, or counsel related specifically to the collective bargaining process.
• Collector1. Refers to public or private haulers that collect nonhazardous waste and recyclable materials from...
• Collector sewersPipes used to collect and carry wastewater from individual sources to an interceptor sewer that will carry it...
• CollenchymaPlant tissues composed of cells with unevenly thickened primary cell walls that strengthen growing organs.
• CollimationThe technique for forcing radiation, like gamma photons, into a beam.
• Collocated instrumentationTwo or more air samplers, analyzers, or other instruments that are operated simultaneously while located side...
• Collocated precisionprecision determined from the analyzed concentrations of samples collected simultaneously from the same air...
• Collocated samplesTwo or more portions collected at the same point in time and space so as to be considered identical. These...
• Colloid1. Very small, finely divided solids (that do not dissolve) that remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time...
• ColloidalOf or pertaining to very small, finely divided solids that do not dissolve and remain dispersed in a liquid...
• Colloids, see Colloid
• Colluvium1. The soil and rock debris on a hillslope that has been transported from its original location.
• ColonThe segment of larege intestine between the cecum and the rectum. It includes the ascending colon; the...
• Colonial organismA group of cells attached to each other but which have all the same functionalities. There is very little...
• Colonial waterbirdColonial waterbirds include marine birds, gulls, terns, herons, egrets, storks, and other species that...
• Colonias communities (HUD)This service denotes the locations of colonias communities as defined in Section 916 of the Cranston-Gonzalez...
• ColonizationImplantation and growth of a microorganism on a host.
• ColonizeThe successful establishment of a species in a habitat.
• Colony collapse disorderA syndrome in honey bee colonies in which worker bees do not return to the hive and results in death of the...
• Colony defenseProtection of insect groups from harm by individuals within the group
• Colony forming unitUnit of measurement for viable bacteria numbers.
• Color coatCoat applied to a part that affects the color and gloss of the part, not including the prime coat or texture...
• Color correctionThe process of adjusting an image to compensate for scanner deficiencies or for the characteristics of the...
• Color pollutant categoryAll parameters measuring color in wastewater. Color measurements may be reported using a variety of units...
• Color proofA representation of what the final printed composition will look like. The resolution and quality of...
• Color separationThe process whereby the four (CMYK) process printing colors are separated into their primary colors to allow...
• Colorado headwatersThe Colorado River Basin to but excluding the Bitter Creek Basin, and excluding the Gunnison River Basin...
• Colorant1. Concentrated pigment dispersion of water, solvent, and/or binder that is added to an architectural coating...
• Colored lakeLake with long-term color greater than 40 PCU.
• Colorimetric detector tubeGlass tube (sealed prior to use), containing material impregnated with a chemical that is sensitive to...
• Colorimetric measurementA means of measuring unknown chemical concentrations in water by measuring a sample's color intensity. The...
• Coloring agentChemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in...
• ColostrumFirst milk following calving. High in fat, protein, and immunoglobulins that may be directly absorbed by the...
• Colubrina asiaticaAsiatic colubrina, also called latherleaf, because of its ability to produce a lather in water, is a shrubby...
• Column chromatographyA process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency. It involves stationary and...
• Column dryerAny equipment used to reduce the moisture content of grain in which the grain flows from the top to the...
• Column ozone1. Ozone between the Earth's surface and outer space. Ozone levels can be described in several ways. One of...
• Combination acid picklingOperations in which steel products are immersed in solutions of more than one acid to chemically remove scale...
• Combination corePlatform for making hardwood plywood or laminated products that consists of a combination of layers of veneer...
• Combination foundationBuildings constructed with more than one foundation type; e.g., basement/crawlspace or basement/slab-on-grade.
• Combination foundations, see Combination foundation
• Combination heavy-duty vehicleVehicle with a GVWR greater than 8,500 pounds (3,900 kilograms) which is comprised of a truck-tractor and one...
• Combination rolling operationCold rolling operations which include recirculation of rolling solutions at one or more mill stands, and...
• Combination sterilization unitAny enclosed vessel in which both the sterilization process and the aeration process occur within the same...
• Combination vaccineProduct containing components that can be divided equally into independently available routine vaccines.
• Combined available residual chlorineThe concentration of residual chlorine which is combined with ammonia (NH3) and/or organic nitrogen in water...
• Combined Collection/Curing OperationCombination of fiber collection operations and curing ovens used to make bonded products.
• Combined collectorA photovoltaic device or module that provides useful heat energy in addition to electricity.
• Combined cycle gas turbine1. Stationary turbine combustion system where heat from the turbine exhaust gases is recovered by a steam...
• Combined cycle system1. System in which a separate source, such as a gas turbine, internal combustion engine, kiln, etc., provides...
• Combined cycle unitElectric generating unit that uses a stationary combustion turbine from which the heat from the turbine...
• Combined distribution systemInterconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale systems and of the...
• Combined fuel economy1. Combined Fuel Economy means the fuel economy from driving a combination of 55% city and 45% highway miles...
• Combined heat and power1. Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is an efficient, clean, and reliable approach...
• Combined heat and power plantA plant designed to produce both heat and electricity from a single heat source. Note: This term is being...
• Combined heat and power unit1. Electric generating unit that uses a steam-generating unit or stationary combustion turbine to...
• Combined metalsTotal of gold, platinum and palladium.
• Combined preliminary assessment site inspectionCompletion of a preliminary assessment (PA) and site investigation (SI) together in order to reduce...
• Combined Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study1. The process of data collection and analyses of the site problem, identification of preliminary remedial...
• Combined residual chlorinationThe application of chlorine to water to produce combined available residual chlorine. This residual can be...
• Combined sewer1. Sewer system that transports both storm runoff and sewage through one large pipe to a sewage treatment...
• Combined sewer overflow1. A discharge of untreated wastewater from a combined sewer system at a point prior to the headworks of a...
• Combined sewer overflows, see Combined sewer overflow
• Combined sewer system1. A wastewater collection system which conveys sanitary wastewaters (domestic, commercial and industrial...
• Combined sewers, see Combined sewer
• Combined statistical areaDefined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a geographical area consisting of two or more adjacent...
• Combined targeted and probabilistic samplingUses Bayesian statistical methodology to combine results from targeted and probabilistic samples to make...
• Combined vent stream1. Process vent that is comprised of at least one gas stream from a batch unit operation manifolded with at...
• Combined-cycle gas stationary combustion turbineStationary combustion turbine system where heat from the turbine exhaust gases is recovered by a waste heat...
• Combustible materialMaterials that can be ignited at a specific temperature in the presence of air to release heat energy.
• Combustion1. The controlled burning of municipal solid waste to reduce volume, and, commonly, to recover energy.
• Combustion ashRefers to the residual substance produced during the burning, combustion, or oxidation of waste material.
• Combustion byproduct emissionEmission of a variety of gases and particulates in small amounts such as mercury, the sulfur and nitrogen...
• Combustion chamber1. The actual compartment where waste is burned in an incinerator.
• Combustion controlTechnology that minimizes NOX formation by staging fuel and combustion air flows in a boiler. This definition...
• Combustion device1. Individual unit of equipment, such as an incinerator, flare, boiler, or process heater, used for...
• Combustion device burnerDevice designed to mix and ignite fuel and air to provide a flame to heat and oxidize waste organic vapors in...
• Combustion efficiencyA measure of how effectively the heat content of a fuel in a combustion appliance (i.e. furnace or boiler) is...
• Combustion emission1. Emission of gases and particulates produced by the chemical oxidation, i.e. burning, of fuels accompanied...
• Combustion emissions, see Combustion emission
• Combustion emissions vapor phaseGaseous fraction of combustion emissions.
• Combustion emitted nanoparticleNano-sized particle emitted during the burning of biomass fuels
• Combustion particle burnoutParticulate matter formed and released by the combustion of fossil fuels.
• Combustion productSubstance produced during the burning or oxidation of a material.
• Combustion researchExperimental firing of any fuel or combination of fuels in a steam generating unit for the purpose of...
• Combustion residual leachateLeachate from landfills or surface impoundments containing combustion residuals. Leachate is composed of...
• Combustion source1. Stationary fossil fuel fired boiler, turbine, or internal combustion engine that has submitted or intends...
• Combustion system leak control instantaneous monitoringDetecting and recording pressure, without use of an averaging period, at a frequency adequate to detect...
• Combustion turbine1. An enclosed device comprising a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine and in which the flue gas resulting...
• Combustion turbine engineA device in which air is compressed in a compressor, enters a combustion chamber, and is compressed further...
• Combustion unitDryer burner, process heater, or boiler. Combustion units may be used for combustion of organic HAP emissions.
• Combustion unit routingFor onshore petroleum and natural gas production facilities, natural gas distribution facilities, and onshore...
• Combustion zone1. Space in an enclosed combustion device (e.g., vapor incinerator, boiler, furnace, or process heater)...
• Combustion zone gasAll gases and vapors found just after a flare tip. This gas includes all flare vent gas, total steam, and...
• CombustorCombustion unit
• CometabolismThe simultaneous metabolism of two compounds, in which the degradation of the second compound(the secondary...
• Comfort cooling applianceAir-conditioning appliances used to provide cooling in order to control heat and/or humidity in occupied...
• Comfort cooling towerCooling towers that are dedicated exlusively to and are an integral part of heating, ventilation, and air...
• Comfort/ status letters, see Comfort/Status Letter
• Comfort/Status Letter1. EPA sends a letter to parties that provides information regarding the potential for EPA action at the...
• Command postFacility located at a safe distance upwind from an accident site, where the on-scene coordinator, responders...
• Command-and-control regulationA prescriptive regulation that stipulates how much pollution an individual source or plant is allowed to emit...
• Command-and-control regulations, see Command-and-control regulation
• Commence commercial operation1. To have begun to generate electricity for sale, including the sale of test generation.
• Commence construction1. Owner or operator has either undertaken a continuous program of construction or has entered into a...
• Commence unit operation1. To have begun any mechanical, chemical, or electronic process, including start-up of an emissions control...
• CommensalA two-species association in which there is a positive effect on one species and neither a positive nor a...
• CommensalismTwo-species association in which there is a positive effect on one species and neither a positive nor a...
• Commensalistic bacteriaBacteria which benefit by living on other species and which do not harm the other species.
• CommentA written expression of an opinion or attitude by a member of the public to a government agency about a...
• Comment periodTime provided for the public to review and comment on a proposed EPA action or rulemaking after publication...
• CommenterAny person (other than a party) or representative of such person who timely: (1) Submits in writing to the...
• Comments dueDate and time when the public comment period ends.
• Comments receivedNumber of comments submitted on a specific document, or the total number of comments in a docket.
• Commerce1. Trade, traffic, commerce, or transportation:(i) Between a place in a State and any place outside thereof...
• Commercial activityActivity engaged in as a vocation.
• Commercial agricultureProduction of crops for sale, including crops intended for widespread distribution (e.g., supermarkets) and...
• Commercial aircraft engineAny aircraft engine used or intended for use by an ‘‘air carrier,’’ (including those engaged in ‘‘intrastate...
• Commercial aircraft gas turbine engineTurboprop, turbofan, or turbojet commercial aircraft engine.
• Commercial and industrial landLand used primarily for buying, selling, and processing goods and services and including sites for stores...
• Commercial and industrial solid waste incineratorCombustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste, as defined in this subpart. The boundaries...
• Commercial and industrial wasteSolid waste combusted in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is...
• Commercial and services landCommercial areas are those used predominantly for the sale of products and services. They are often abutted...
• Commercial applicationExecuting a commercial transaction subject to a contract. A commercial application includes transferring...
• Commercial applicator1. A person applying pesticides as part of a business applying pesticides for hire or a person applying...
• Commercial aquacultureCultivation of fish or shellfish to be sold for widespread distribution. Examples include a rearing pond used...
• Commercial boilerBoiler used in commercial establishments such as hotels, restaurants, and laundries to provide electricity...
• Commercial buildingA building with more than 50 percent of its floor space used for commercial activities. Commercial buildings...
• Commercial chemical by production volumeChemical substances manufactured or formulated for commercial or manufacturing use which are categorized by...
• Commercial chemical by typeChemical substances manufactured or formulated for commercial or manufacturing use which are categorized by...
• Commercial chemical productThis phrase refers to a chemical substance which is manufactured or formulated for commercial or...
• Commercial chemical products, see Commercial chemical product
• Commercial componentAny component that is a commercial item.
• Commercial distribution1. To sell in commerce, to introduce or deliver for introduction into commerce, or to hold after introduction...
• Commercial earth and wood drillType of hand-held cold-weather equipment.
• Commercial end-use sectorDefined economically, consists of business establishments that are not engaged in transportation or in...
• Commercial energy customer1. A commercial energy customer refers to non-industrial customers occupying retail space or office buildings.
• Commercial engineRelating to an engine or vessel that is not a recreational marine engine or a recreational vessel.
• Commercial establishmentStores, offices, restaurants, warehouses and other non-manufacturing activities.
• Commercial explosivesThose explosives which are intended to be used in commercial or industrial operations.
• Commercial exterior aerodynamic structure primerPrimer used on aerodynamic components and structures that protrude from the fuselage, such as wings and...
• Commercial extinctionThe decline in the population of a wild species, used as a resource, to a level where it is no longer...
• Commercial fishing1. Fishing to catch fish and other sea creatures for sale
• Commercial food cropsCrops that are intended to be sold widely, such as in supermarkets, and locally, such as those sold at local...
• Commercial forage cropsCrops grown to be sold as food for livestock (it is not necessary to document that these crops were sold only...
• Commercial hazardous waste combustorAny thermal unit, except a cement kiln, that is subject either to 40 CFR part 264, subpart O; 40 CFR part...
• Commercial hazardous waste combustor wastewaterWastewater attributable to commercial waste combustion operations, but includes only wastewater from air...
• Commercial Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste IncineratorHMIWI which offers incineration services for hospital/medical/infectious waste generated offsite by firms...
• Commercial injection wells"Commercial" in this sense means an injection well which is permitted to accept wastes other than those...
• Commercial interior adhesiveMaterials used in the bonding of passenger cabin interior components. These components must meet the FAA...
• Commercial itemAny item, other than real property, that is of a type customarily used by the general public or by...
• Commercial livestockLivestock raised for sale to commercial wholesalers or supermarkets. Livestock raised for private or domestic...
• Commercial livestock production or commercial livestock grazingRaising or feeding of livestock for sale (e.g., chicken coop used for housing commercially sold poultry...
• Commercial operation-associated landfill1. A landfill located on the same site as industrial or commercial operations
• Commercial ownerAny person who owns or controls a wood heater in the course of the manufacture, importation, distribution, or...
• Commercial pesticide handling establishmentAny establishment, other than an agricultural establishment, that:(1) Employs any person, including a...
• Commercial projectA project that includes structures designed for use by retail, wholesale, office, hotel, or other...
• Commercial propertyAny property that is normally accessible to the public and that is used for any of the purposes described in...
• Commercial purchaserWhen used to describe the purchaser of a product, a person that uses the product in the purchaser's business...
• Commercial refrigeration1. For the purposes of § 82.156(i), the refrigeration appliances utilized in the retail food and cold storage...
• Commercial silvicultureCultivation of trees for sale (e.g., Christmas tree farm, trees raised for lumber).
• Commercial solid waste1. All types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing...
• Commercial toolSoftware tool that is published and sold by a commercial vendor.
• Commercial use1. Use of a chemical substance or a mixture containing a chemical substance (including as part of an article)...
• Commercial vesselRelating to an engine or vessel that is not a recreational marine engine or a recreational vessel.
• Commercial waste1. Refers to waste generated by businesses, such as office buildings; retail and wholesale establishments...
• Commercial waste management facility1. A treatment, storage, disposal, or transfer facility that accepts wastes from a variety of sources for...
• Commercial water useWater used for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, other commercial facilities, and institutions...
• Commercial woodlandLand where forest cover is managed for commercial production of timber products.
• Commercial/Institutional ProjectA project that includes structures designed for use by retail, wholesale, office, hotel, or other...
• Commercially available off-the-shelf itemAny item of supply (including construction material) that is - (i) A commercial item (as defined in paragraph...
• Commercial-ready technologyTechnologies fully vetted for commercial use
• Commercial/Retail WasteMaterial discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial...
• Commingled recyclables1. Refers to a mixture of several recyclable materials in one container.
• ComminuterA machine that shreds or pulverizes solids to make waste treatment easier.
• ComminutionMechanical shredding or pulverizing of waste. Used in both solid waste management and wastewater treatment.
• Commission finishingFinishing of textile materials, 50 percent or more of which are owned by others, in mills that are 51 percent...
• Commission wool scouringScouring of wool, 50 percent or more of which is owned by others, in mills that are 51 percent or more...
• CommissioningStart-up of a building that includes testing and adjusting HVAC, electrical, plumbing, and other systems to...
• COMMITMENT1. The official reservation of funds and authorization to incur obligations.
• Commodity1. Generally, a physical substance, such as food, grain or metal, that is interchangeable with another...
• Commodity chargePortion of a water bill that varies with water usage.
• Commodity chemicalBelongs to one of the three chemical market segments, and is produced in high volumes and sold at low prices.
• Commodity chemicals productionManufacturing operations producing bulk chemicals
• Commodity electricity1. Physical electricity in the absence of the technological, environmental, social, and economic benefits...
• Commodity Owner, Shipper or their AgentPerson requesting that an applicator use methyl bromide for quarantine or preshipment applications.
• Commodity storageUsually a steel framed shed that provides storage for commodity feeds, such as cottonseed, brewers grains...
• Common area groupGroup of common areas that are similar in design, construction, and function. Common area groups include, but...
• Common carrierCommon carrier by railroad, or partly by railroad and partly by water, within the continental United States...
• Common carrier (telecommunications)In the telecommunications arena, the term used to describe a telephone company.
• Common controlProperties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or...
• Common control propertyIncludes properties that are owned, leased, or otherwise operated by the same entity, parent entity...
• Common designated representative1. With regard to a specific common designated representative and a State (and Indian country within the...
• Common designated representative's assurance level1. With regard to a specific common designated representative and a State (and Indian country within the...
• Common designated representative's share1. With regard to a specific common designated representative for a control period in a given year:(1) With...
• Common emission control device1. Control device controlling emissions from the coating operation as well as from another emission source...
• Common gateway interfaceThe common gateway interface (CGI) is a standard way for a Web server to pass a Web user's request to an...
• Common itemMaterial that is common to the applicable Government contract and the contractor’s other work.
• Common lawThe body of law developed primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and precedent, unwritten in...
• Common mechanism of toxicityTwo or more chemicals or other substances that cause a common toxic effect(s) by the same, or essentially the...
• Common nameAny designation or identification such as code name, code number, trade name, brand name, or generic chemical...
• Common pesticide exposure routeLikely way (oral, dermal, respiratory) by which a pesticide may reach and/or enter an organism.
• Common pipeOil or gas supply line through which the same type of fuel is distributed to two or more affected units.
• Common pool natural resourceAn economics term for a subtractable resource which use is difficult to limit to certain people.
• Common rule1. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations (45 CFR 46) for protecting human subjects...
• Common saltAlso known as sodium chloride.
• Common Sense InitiativeVoluntary program to simplify environmental regulation to achieve cleaner, cheaper, smarter results, starting...
• Common source outbreakAn outbreak that results from persons being exposed to the same harmful influence (e.g., an infectious agent...
• Common stack1. A single flue through which emissions from 2 or more units are exhausted. [40 CFR 97.102 (CFR 2013)].[40...
• Common variety mineralMineral materials that do not have a special quality, quantity, character, or location. On public lands such...
• Common variety minerals, see Common variety mineral
• Commonly owned entityEntity that is related to another entity by a shared individual natural person(s), where either: (1) There is...
• Communication infrastructureThe technology and network, including the physical structures, for information transmission.
• Communications - basicDocuments that contain, in whole or part, the content of any wire, oral, electronic or radio communication...
• Communications assistantA person who facilitates telephone conversation between text telephone users, users of sign language or...
• Community1. An assemblage of species living together in a particular area, at a particular time, in a prescribed...
• Community & regional developmentCommunity and Regional Development includes activities designed to assist communities in preventing and...
• Community & social servicesCommunity and Social Services includes all activities aimed at creating, expanding, or improving community...
• Community advisory group1. A committee, task force, or board comprised of citizens affected by a hazardous waste site. CAGs provide a...
• Community advisory groupsSee http://www.epa.gov/superfund/community/cag/index.htm. A Community Advisory Group (CAG) is made up...
• Community antenna televisionA service through which subscribers pay to have local television stations and additional programs brought...
• Community assistanceWork in partnership with communities to develop, operate and support the cleanup and control of pollution and...
• Community assistance panelA group of people from a community and from health and environmental agencies who work with ATSDR to resolve...
• Community awarenessThe knowledge and education of a populace regarding the condition and health of its land, water, air, as well...
• Community choice aggregation1. CCAs allow communities to determine their electricity generation sources by aggregating the community load...
• Community cloudThe cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from...
• Community diversityThe variety and type of species present in a community, the complexity of their interactions, and the age and...
• Community health vulnerability indexTool to helps public health officials identify vulnerable populations at risk from wildland fire smoke...
• Community immunitySituation in which a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease (through...
• Community involvement1. A process in which the concerns of local citizens are addressed during the Superfund process.
• Community involvement activityThe community relations activities (e.g., plan, implementation and responsiveness summary) that must be...
• Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System1. An air quality model used in AirToxScreen. CMAQ estimates how pollutants move and disperse in the air. It...
• Community of practiceSocial learning that occurs and shared socio-cultural practices that happen when people with common goals...
• Community relations1. The EPA effort to establish two-way communication with the public to create understanding of EPA programs...
• Community relations coordinatorLead agency staff who work with the OSC/RPM to involve and inform the public about the Superfund process and...
• Community relations planManagement and planning tool outlining the specific community relations activities to be undertaken during...
• Community reopeningOnce disease transmission has been minimized by the elimination of normal activities which transmit the...
• Community resourceAn environmental asset that has important cultural, economic, or spiritual value for the people of the region...
• Community reviewA process for involving a community in the review of research conducted on members of the community. Some...
• Community right-to-knowFacilities that handle hazardous chemicals defined under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and...
• Community services landLand used primarily for schools, hospitals, churches, libraries, sewerage and water treatment plants...
• Community trialAn experimental study that uses data from communities. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for...
• Community waterIncludes tap water ingested from community or municipal water supply.
• Community water system1. A public water system which supplies drinking water to 25 or more of the same people year-round in their...
• Community water systems, see Community water system
• Community-based organizationA private nonprofit organization, Indian tribe or tribally sanctioned organization, or other type of group...
• Community-based participatory research1. A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and...
• Community-based social marketingA field focused specifically on changing peoples' behaviors and actions using a variety of tools such as...
• ComorbidityPresence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to...
• Compa layout that has been mocked up to show how the different elements of the design will look when the job has...
• Compact diskA relatively small optical disk on which text, data, sounds, visual images, and the like can be recorded...
• Compact disk--interactiveA compact disk combining audiovisual, text/data, software storage, and retrieval capabilities.
• Compact fluorescent lamp1. Small fluorescent lamps used as more efficient alternatives to incandescent lighting.
• Compact fluorescent lampsSmall fluorescent light bulbs that use 75% less energy (electricity), and last up to 10 times longer than a...
• Compacted layerA near surface layer of dense soil caused by the repeated impact on or disturbance of the soil surface. When...
• Compaction1. Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping.
• Compaction layerNear surface layer of dense soil caused by the repeated impact on or disturbance of the soil surface.
• Compactor collection vehicleVehicle with an enclosed body containing mechanical devices that convey solid waste into the main compartment...
• Companion animalAnimals kept by humans for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to domestic animals such as livestock or...
• Companion animal diseasesIllnesses of pets
• Companion cropCrops that are compatible with each other and are grown at the same time on the same land; one crop may serve...
• Company fuel recordIn reference to the amount of fuel consumed by a stationary combustion unit (or by a group of such units), a...
• Comparability1. A measure of the confidence with which one data set or method can be compared to another.
• Comparative analysisProcess of comparing of two or more processes or products. Examples include pattern analysis, filtering and...
• Comparative change designThe quasi-experimental design known as the comparative change design allows for the measurement of change in...
• Comparative effect levelDose by which potency of chemicals may be compared; e.g. the dose causing a maximum of 15% cholinesterase...
• Comparative risk assessment1. A process that generally uses a professional judgment approach to evaluate the relative magnitude of...
• Comparative time-series designThe quasi-experimental design known as the comparative time series tracks some outcome of interest for...
• Comparison group1. A group of individuals whose characteristics are similar to those of a program's participants. These...
• Comparison valueCalculated concentration of a substance in air, water, food, or soil that is unlikely to cause harmful...
• Compartmentalized vehicleCollection vehicle which has two or more compartments for placement of solid wastes or recyclable materials...
• Compatible land useLand uses which can exist together, so that no one use improves nor detracts from the quality of another. In...
• Compatible substanceAbility of two or more substances to maintain their respective physical and chemical properties upon contact...
• Compatible substrate primerIncludes two categories: compatible epoxy primer and adhesive primer. Compatible epoxy primer is primer that...
• Compensated fuel ballastSeawater that is introduced into fuel tanks to maintain the stability of a vessel by compensating for the...
• Compensating unitAffected unit that is not otherwise subject to Acid Rain emissions limitation or Acid Rain emissions...
• Compensation managementCompensation Management designs, develops, and implements compensation programs that attract, retain and...
• Compensatory mitigation1. Refers to the restoration, establishment, enhancement, and/or preservation of wetlands, streams, or other...
• Compensatory mitigation projectCompensatory mitigation implemented by the permittee as a requirement of a DA permit (i.e...
• Compensatory mitigation standardThe purpose of this subpart is to establish standards and criteria for the use of all types of compensatory...
• CompetencePossessing the knowledge, understanding, skills, and abilities necessary to complete assigned activities...
• Competency1. Having the practical knowledge, skills, experience, and judgment necessary to perform functions associated...
• Competent authorityRegulatory authority or authorities of concerned countries having jurisdiction over transboundary movements...
• Competent pesticide applicatorProperly qualified to perform functions associated with pesticide application, the degree of capability...
• Competition1. A policy and procedure in which individuals or organizations submit application(s) in response to an...
• Competition equipmentExhibiting features that are not easily removed and that would render its use other than in competition...
• Competition motorcycleAny motorcycle designed and marketed solely for use in closed course competition events.
• Competitive inhibitorMolecules effectively resembling the shape and charge distribution of an enzyme substrate such that they may...
• Competitive market1. Until recently, most consumers received generation, transmission, and distribution services from one local...
• Competitive markets, see Competitive market
• Complainant1. Agency acting through any person authorized by the Administrator to issue a complaint to alleged violators...
• Complement activationThe sequential activation of serum complement proteins to create the complement membrane attack complex...
• Complement degradation processComplement Degradation consists of conjugation, transport, oxidation, and/or proteolysis of complement system...
• Complementary DNA1. DNA made from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template. The single-stranded form of cDNA is often used as a probe...
• Complementary goods and servicesInputs (usually built infrastructure or location characteristics) that allow a good or service to be used by...
• Complementary land useLand uses, each of which is improved in quality or quantity by the other uses existing with it in the same...
• Complementary RNA1. Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system...
• Complete complaintWritten statement that contains the complainant’s name and address and describes the agency’s alleged...

3,254 of 29,894 terms in Environment terminology (MLC-0121). Request the full dataset.