Agriculture and food terminology · MLC-0114

Agriculture and food terms: O (153)

• O-antigensThe lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the...
• oasesFertile or green spots in a desert or wasteland, made so by the presence of the water due to the water table...
• obesityIncrease in body weight as the result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Often defined as a...
• obesogenic dietDiets that lead to excessive body weight gain.
• observational studiesA research method in which investigators watch attentively to gather data without manipulation.
• obsessive-compulsive disorderAn anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the...
• obstetric laborThe repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the...
• occludinsA MARVEL domain protein that plays an important role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction...
• occupational accidentsAn unforeseen incident, especially one causing injury or death, occurring in the workplace or while...
• occupational diseasesDiseases due to factors involved in one's employment.
• occupational enrichmentAnimals receive tasks or jobs to encourage physical exercise and mental stimulation (e.g. food puzzles...
• occupational exposureContact with a physical, chemical or biological agent in the workplace.
• occupational health and safetyThe promotion of a safe and healthy environment to support the physical and mental well-being among humans in...
• occupational stressAdverse psychological and behavioral reactions caused by the pressures and demands of employers or clients or...
• occupational therapySkilled treatment that helps individuals achieve independence in all facets of their lives. It assists in the...
• occupationsGeneral categories of job or work specializations, as characterized by duties, skill levels, status, pay...
• occurrenceThe frequency of an event or characteristic without distinguishing between prevalence and incidence.
• ocean acidificationIncreased concentrations of carbon dioxide in sea water causing an increase in acidity of ocean waters (i.e...
• ochratoxin AProduced by Aspergillus sp. (A. ochraceus) and Penicillium sp. (P. viridicatum). Highest levels usually found...
• ochratoxin CAn ethylester of ochratoxin A. It can be changed to ochratoxin A in-vivo.
• octanesEight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
• OctopodaAn order containing cephalopod mollusks or octopuses, characterized by eight tentacles encircling the mouth...
• OctopodidaeThe family name for octopuses.
• octreotideA potent, long-acting synthetic somatostatin octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of growth hormone and...
• ocular physiologyBiological action and events that support the functions of the eye and vision, ocular.
• odds ratioThe ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of...
• oestrosisAn infection caused by larvae of Oestus ovis, which affects the nasal cavities and adjoining sinuses of...
• Office of Laboratory Animal WelfareAn office within the National Institutes of Health (US) which oversees the use of animals in research at...
• ohmic heatingHeating that results from the flow of current through a medium with electrical resistance.
• oil fieldsThe surface area overlying an oil reservoir or reservoirs. The term usually includes not only the surface...
• oil sandsOil sands are a combination of clay, sand, water, and bitumen, a heavy black viscous oil. Oil sands can be...
• oil shaleA kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous...
• oilmealsThe product obtained by grinding the cakes, chips, or flakes that remain after most of the oil is removed...
• oilseed cakesThe solid byproduct or residue obtained after extracting oil from oilseeds.
• oilseed cropsPrimarily soybeans, and other crops such as peanuts, cottonseed, sunflower seed, flaxseed, safflower seed...
• ointmentsSemisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local...
• okaraOkara is a by-product of soydrink and tofu making process. It is rich in insoluble dietary fibre, proteins...
• olanzapineA benzodiazepine derivative that binds serotonin receptors; muscarinic receptors; histamine h1 receptors...
• Older Americans Act Nutrition ProgramThe Senior Nutrition Program, authorized under Title III of the Older Americans Protection Act, provides...
• old-growth forestsStands of forest trees of either seral or climax species growing singly or in association with other tree...
• oleandomycinAntibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus.
• oleocellosisA physiological disorder in citrus fruits that is caused by the release of phytotoxic oils from the ruptured...
• oleogelsOleogels can be described as a complex microstructured system where an organic liquid is entrapped within a...
• oleoresinsA solution of resin in an essential oil that occurs in or exudes from many plants, especially softwoods. The...
• oligodendrogliaA class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called...
• oligodeoxyribonucleotidesA group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as...
• oligomerizationA chemical reaction in which a few monomeric compounds (amino acids or nucleotides or monosaccharides) are...
• oligomycinA closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are...
• oligonucleotide probesSynthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific...
• oligopeptidesPeptides composed of two to twelve amino acids joined together by peptide (amide) bonds between adjacent...
• oligopolyA market in which a few sellers exert control over a large number of buyers. It is opposite of an oligopsony.
• oligopsonyA market in which a few number of buyers exert power over a large number of sellers. It is opposite of an...
• oligoribonucleotidesA group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges...
• oligosaccharidesCarbohydrates consisting of between two (disaccharides) and ten monosaccharides connected by either an alpha-...
• olive cakeThe solid byproduct or residue derived from olive pressing, that consists of pulp and pit of the olive fruit.
• omega-3 fatty acidsA group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position...
• omega-6 fatty acidsFatty acids which have the first unsaturated bond in the sixth position from the omega carbon.
• omnivoresAn organism that feeds on both animal and plant substances.
• oncogene proteinsProteins coded by oncogenes.
• oncogenesGenes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to neoplastic cell transformation. They include, for example...
• oncospheresThe motile first larval stages of cyclophyllidean cestodes, morphologically characterized by hooks which aid...
• One Health initiativeOne Health is the concept that the health of animals, the health of people, and the viability of ecosystems...
• on-farm food safetyStrategies and practices performed at the site of the production of food commodities in order to decrease the...
• online coursesEducational lessons delivered via the Internet to students. Students and instructor may not meet face to face...
• oocystsZygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual...
• open free stallsOpen air stalls in which dairy animals are free to enter and leave, as opposed to being confined in...
• open rangeAll suitable range of an area upon which grazing is permitted.
• open spaceAny relatively unobstructed area which may intentionally be left undeveloped or unimproved, such as for...
• operating leasesA type of leasing contract in which the renter has temporary use of an asset and is not considered as the...
• operations researchThe use of analytic methods adopted from mathematics for solving operational problems. Among the common...
• operator regionsRegulatory elements of an operon to which activators or repressors bind to effect the transcription of genes...
• operonIn bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a...
• ophthalmologyA surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical...
• opisthorchiasisInfection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.
• opium alkaloidsAlkaloids found in opium from Papaver that induce analgesic and narcotic effects by action upon opioid...
• opportunistic infectionA serious and progressive infection by a microorganism that does not cause any disease in healthy organisms...
• opportunistic pathogensA pathogen that does not cause any infection in a healthy organism, however, it may cause infection when the...
• opportunity costsThe economic outcome of giving up an opportunity, often associated with investments.
• opsinPhotosensitive proteins in the membranes of photoreceptor cells such as the rods and the cones. Opsins have...
• optic tectumThe anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to...
• opticsBranch of physical science concerned with the transmission, generation, manipulation, and detection of...
• optogeneticsThe combination of genetic and optical methods in controlling specific events with temporal precision in...
• oral contraceptivesCompounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of...
• oral exposureContact between a potentially harmful physical, chemical or biological agent (e.g., pesticide, microbe, heavy...
• oral gavageForced feeding of food, drugs, or other substances through a tube placed through the nose or mouth into the...
• organ cultureMaintenance or growth of animal and plant organs in vitro, originating from three-dimensional cultures of...
• organ transplantationTransference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
• organellesA cell structure which has specific function.
• organic cation transportersA family of proteins involved in the transport of organic cations. They play an important role in the...
• organic foodsOrganic food is produced without: antibiotics; growth hormones; most conventional pesticides; petroleum-...
• organic matterThe organic fraction that includes plant and animal residue at various stages of decomposition, cells and...
• organic productionA concept and practice of agricultural production that focuses on production without the use of synthetic...
• organic soilsA soil that contains a high percentage (greater than 20 or 30 percent) of organic matter in the upper layers...
• organogenesisFormation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functions.
• organoidsAn organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also...
• organotin compoundsOrganic compounds which contain tin in the molecule. Used widely in industry and agriculture.
• Oriental traditional medicineMedical practice or discipline that is based on the knowledge, cultures, and beliefs of the people in East...
• oriented strandboardsAn engineered structural wood-based panel composed of wood strands, flakes or wafers bonded under heat and...
• OrientiaA genus of bacteria that is vectored by mites and causes scrub typhus in humans.
• ornamental treesA tree cultivated for its beauty rather than for use. It is usually a small flowering tree used for...
• ornithineAn amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.
• oropharyngeal neoplasmsCancer or tumours of the oropharynx.
• oropharynxThe middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the soft palate, and superior...
• OrthobunyavirusA genus of the family Bunyaviridae containing over 150 viruses, most of which are transmitted by mosquitoes...
• orthodonticsA dental specialty concerned with the prevention and correction of dental and oral anomalies (malocclusion).
• orthophotographyThe practice of removing positional distortions (due to camera tilt, topographical relief, etc.) from an...
• oseltamivirAn acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of sialic acid and inhibits neuraminidase.
• osmotic pressureThe pressure required to prevent osmosis through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of...
• osmotic stressA change in osmotic pressure causing a rapid passage of water or other solvent across a membrane by osmosis...
• osteoarthritisA progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons...
• osteoblastsBone-forming cells which secrete an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the...
• osteochondrosisAny of a group of bone disorders involving one or more ossification centers (epiphyses). It is characterized...
• osteomalaciaA condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of...
• osteomyelitisAn infectious inflammation of the bone usually caused by a bacteria. It may remain localized or may spread...
• osteonecrosisDeath of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.
• otitisInflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (earache), fever, hearing disorders, and vertigo...
• otitis internaInflammation of the inner ear (labyrinth). It is also known as labyrinthitis.
• otolithsStructures of the inner ear which function in orientation and equilibrium sensing of vertebrates. Otoliths...
• ototoxicityDamage to the ear or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in...
• outbreak investigationIn epidemiology, the collection of data concerning the diagnosis, time and place, and most significantly the...
• outbreeding depressionThe reduction in the fitness of progeny from crosses between genetically different populations.
• outcrossingMating individuals that belong to different strains or families within the same breed or variety.
• outreachEfforts to increase the awareness, availability and utilization of information or services through...
• ovaThe female germ cell (gamete).
• overeatingIngestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.
• overfishingExtensive fisheries activities that are beyond the capacity for the population to replenish their stocks...
• overland flowThe rain storm or snow melt runoff water which flows over the ground surface as a thin layer - as opposed to...
• overnutritionAn imbalanced nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of nutrients. Generally, overnutrition...
• overstoryThat portion of the foliage of plants and trees forming the upper or uppermost layer of a plant community.
• overweightWeight in excess of the body weight required to maintain overall health. Often defined as a Body Mass Index...
• ovicidesChemical agents that kill the egg stage of a pest or parasite.
• oviductsDucts that serve exclusively for the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the exterior of the body. In...
• ovine pulmonary adenomatosisA contagious, neoplastic, pulmonary disease of sheep characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of...
• oviparyProducing eggs that develop and hatch outside the mother's body.
• ovipositionThe process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs ( ova) from the female body. The term is usually used...
• ovolarviparyProducing eggs that are hatched within the female, and the larvae developed or protected within the uterus...
• ovomucinA heterogeneous mixture of glycoproteins responsible for the gel structure of egg white. It has...
• ovoviviparyBearing live young which have hatched from eggs retained within the mother's body.
• ovulationThe discharge of an ovum from a rupturing follicle in the ovary.
• ownershipThe exclusive right to occupy, sell, bequeath or mortgage property.
• oxacillinAn antibiotic similar to flucloxacillin used in resistant staphylococci infections.
• oxazolidinonesDerivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.
• oxbow lakesSmall, U-shaped lakes formed when a meander bend is cut off from the main stream channel of a river or stream.
• oxenDomesticated and castrated male bovines that are used for work, as opposed to steers that are used for meat.
• oxidationA reaction in which electrons are removed from a reactant. Sometimes, more specifically the combination of a...
• oxidative phosphorylationThe biochemical process in which ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate in cell metabolism.
• oxygen evolving complexThe oxygen evolving complex (OEC) is a protein complex in Photosystem II.
• oxylipinsEighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from alpha-linolenic acid via an oxidative...
• oxysterolsOxygenated derivatives of cholesterol or its sterol precursors. They are generated from sterol metabolism and...
• oxytetracyclineA tetracycline analog isolated from the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus and used in a wide variety of...
• OzarksAn area of low mountains in northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma.
• ozonolysisOzone treatment which splits a double bond in a hydrocarbon chain, such as in the cleavage of alkenes or...
• ozonosphereThe general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which...

153 of 6,908 terms in Agriculture and food terminology (MLC-0114). Request the full dataset.