Agriculture and food terminology · MLC-0114

Agriculture and food terms: T (334)

• table winesAny wine containing less than 14 percent alcohol by volume, usually meant to be served with meals. Not to be...
• tachycardiaAbnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia...
• tachypneaAbnormally fast breathing.
• tacrolimusA macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong...
• tadpolesThe aquatic larval stage of frogs and toads, which hatch from eggs laid in the water. Young tadpoles resemble...
• Taeniopygia guttataA bird species with a gray body, a bright orange bill, and a distinctive black-and-white moustache mark on...
• taigaTaiga is a humid, subarctic biogeographic region of northern Asia, Europe, and North America. It is...
• taiga soilsAcidic soils of a taiga biome due to the coniferous vegetation that typically grows there. When the...
• tail flick testThe tail-flick test is a test of nociception used in rats and mice. The noxious stimulus is usually radiant...
• tail vein punctureUse of the lateral tail vein to collect <0.2ml of blood. Other routes of collection should be used when...
• taintAn unwanted flavor or odor in fresh or processed food. The taint may come from degradation of the food or...
• talcFinely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with...
• tallowThe fat rendered from the adipose tissue of cattle and sheep used in candlemaking, soap manufacture, etc...
• tamperingTo alter, injure, reduce the value of or impair the quality of an object or product.
• tandem mass spectrometryA mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor...
• tandem repeat sequencesCopies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or...
• tandem selectionA selection method to improve several traits. Selection is practiced on one trait for a given period of time...
• tangelosFruit of the hybrid of the grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata).
• tangorsFruits of the hybrid of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata).
• tankersA ship, plane, or truck constructed to transport bulk quantities of liquids, such as milk, oil, or slurries.
• target of rapamycin proteinsA serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is...
• target region amplification polymorphismA PCR-based technique for genotyping germplasm which uses targeted candidate gene sequences to generate...
• tariffsCharges assessed by a government on imported items at their point of customs entry into the country, and paid...
• tarsus (ankle region)The distal region of the leg (in arthropods), together with the proximal region of the foot comprising the...
• tarsus (bone)The bone(s) that comprise(s) the ankle joint.
• tartrazineAn anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a...
• tasteThe ability to detect chemicals through gustatory receptors in the mouth, including those on the tongue; the...
• taste disordersConditions characterized by an alteration in gustatory function or perception.
• taungya systemA form of agroforestry system in which short term crops are grown in the early years of the plantation of a...
• taxis (physiology)Movement of animals or other mobile organisms that is inducible and takes place in a direction related to...
• taxon descriptionsA list of characters which gives the attributes or features of a specific taxon.
• taxonomyThe science of classification of organisms; the arrangement of organisms into systematic groups such as...
• Taxus mediaAn interspecific hybrid between Taxus baccata x Taxus cuspidata.
• T-cell lymphomaA group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.
• teacher educationEducation or training of teachers.
• teasing (breeding)To stimulate an animal to accept coitus.
• technologyThe application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques...
• tectonicsA branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the upper part of the Earth's crust, that is, the...
• tegmenA thin inner seed coat of seeds present in some seeds.
• telecommutingThe use of computers and telecommunications technology to allow employees to perform some or all of a job at...
• telemedicineDelivery of health services via remote telecommunications. This includes interactive consultative and...
• telemetryThe transmission and receiving of data over long distance communication links.
• teleomorphsThe sexual form of a fungus.
• telescopesInstruments used to observe distant objects.
• temperature inversionAn instance when a warm air layer overlays a cooler air layer in the atmosphere, often suppressing vertical...
• temperingA heating and rapid cooling technique used to make changes in the quality of a material. These changes may...
• temporary food serviceA quantity food prepration operation that is established with the intent of operating for a brief period of...
• tendonsFibrous bands or cords of connective tissue at the ends of muscle fibers that serve to attach the muscles to...
• tenocytesElongated fibroblasts and fibrocytes that lie between the collagen fibers and form the tendon proper.
• tensile strengthThe maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing.
• tension woodAbnormal wood found in leaning trees of some hardwood species and characterized by the presence of gelatinous...
• tenuazonic acid3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria...
• TepoxalinA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat joint disease in animals.
• teratocytescells that have originated from an uneclosed parasitoid and are liberated into the host body cavity when the...
• teratogenicityHaving the capability of causing malformations, abnormalities or other physical defects in the developing...
• teratogensA chemical that causes structural defects that affect the development of an organism.
• teratologyA branch of embryology for the study of congenital malformations and developmental abnormalities.
• terminal repeat sequencesNucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the...
• terminal velocityThe maximum velocity attainable, especially by a free falling body, under given conditions.
• terminator regionsDNA sequences recognized as signals to end genetic transcription.
• terpenoidsNatural products and related compounds formally derived from isoprene units. They contain oxygen in various...
• terra pretaA very dark fertile soil of high charcoal content such as is found in the Amazon basin.
• terracesNatural or manmade landforms which run perpendicular to the slope and are bordered on one side by a steep...
• terracingIn agronomic practice, the construction of ridges of earth built across a slope with a flat or graded channel...
• territorialityThe behavior by which an organism claims an area and defends it against members of its own species.
• Territory of Christmas IslandAn island in the Indian Ocean, located at 10° 30' S latitude and 105 40 E longitude, which is a territory of...
• tertiary sectorThe part of a country or region's economy that produces services or assets lacking a tangible and storable...
• testaThe outer coat of the seed derived from the integument(s).
• testcrossesA cross between an organism exhibiting the dominant phenotype for a certain trait, but whose genotype for...
• tetanusA disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. Tetanus usually...
• tetracyclineA naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits amino acyl tRNA binding during protein synthesis.
• tetracyclinesClosely congeneric derivatives of the polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide.
• tetrahydronaphthalenesPartially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.
• tetraploidyA cell, tissue, or organism having four sets of chromosomes.
• tetrasomicsHaving a diploid set of chromosomes with an additional two homologous chromosomes, e.g. 2N+2.
• tetratricopeptide repeatsA structural motif present in a variety of proteins that mediates protein-protein interactions and assembly...
• tetrodotoxinAn aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order...
• thalamusPaired bodies containing mostly gray substance and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of...
• thallusUndifferentiated vegetative tissue found in some algae, fungi, liverworts and lichens which is characteristic...
• thatchA layer of dead grass in a stand of grass.
• thawingThe process of going from a frozen to an unfrozen state.
• The Nature ConservancyAn international conservation organization that purchases lands in order to preserve plants, animals and...
• theileriosisInfection of cattle, sheep, or goats with genus Theileria. This infection results in an acute or chronic...
• thelaziasisInfestation with parasitic nematodes of the genus Thelazia.
• thelytokyParthenogenetic production of females from unfertilized eggs.
• thematic mapsA map that displays the spatial distribution of a specific topic or subject, such as vegetation type...
• therapeutic irrigationThe washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.
• therapeuticsProcedures concerned with the remedial treatment or prevention of diseases.
• thermal crackingA refining process in which heat and pressure are used to break down, rearrange, or combine hydrocarbon...
• thermal degradationChemical decomposition of a compound by heat, involving the uncatalyzed cleavage of covalent bonds.
• thermal expansionThe tendency of materials to increase in length and volume with an increase in temperature.
• thermal hydrolysisProcess of disintegration of non or hard to degrade substances (sludges, wastes, etc.) by application of...
• thermal pollutionAltering the amount of energy available in the environment by the addition of heat or cold. Most frequently...
• thermal radiationThe electromagnetic radiation emitted by any substance as the result of the thermal excitation of its...
• thermal stressStress due to extreme cold, hot, or unfavorable temperature on the physiological function of cells, tissues...
• thermic effect of foodIncreased energy expenditure and heat release because of the stimulating effect that the nutrients of food...
• thermistorsElectron devices employing the temperature dependent change of resistivity of a semiconductor.
• thermoduric bacteriaBacteria capable of surviving high temperatures, especially those of pasteurization.
• thermoelectricityElectricity generated by heat or a temperature difference.
• thermophilesAn organism that can grow and thrive at extreme levels of temperature.
• thermophilic actinomycetesActinobacteria capable of living at high temperature.
• thermophilic archaeaArchaea requiring high temperatures for normal growth and development.
• thermophilic bacteriaBacteria requiring high temperatures for normal development.
• thermophilic fungiFungus requiring high temperatures for normal growth and development.
• thermophilic microorganismsMicroorganisms growing and thriving at extreme levels of temperature.
• thermoplasticsA polymer that softens or melts on heating and becomes hard again on cooling. Thermoplastic polymer chains...
• thermosphereIt is the portion of the Earth's atmosphere between mesosphere and exosphere. It is the biggest of all the...
• thiamphenicolA methylsulfonyl analog of chloramphenicol. It is an antibiotic and immunosuppressive agent.
• thiazidesHeterocyclic compounds with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring. This term commonly refers to the...
• thiazolesHeterocyclic compounds where the ring system is composed of three carbon atoms, a sulfur and nitrogen atoms.
• thienamycinBeta-lactam antibiotics that differ from penicillins in having the thiazolidine sulfur atom replaced by...
• thigmotaxisA movement induced in mobile organisms in response to touch or physical contact.
• thigmotropismA movement induced in sessile organisms in response to touch or contact stimuli, such as seen in leaves or...
• thinning (plants)The practice of reducing the number of plants in an area or the quantity of vegetative or reproductive...
• thioacidolysisAcid-catalyzed chemical degradation, such as in the depolymerization of lignin.
• thiocarboxylic estersAn ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur.
• thioestersA compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'.
• thiolysisThe process of cleavage of a chemical bond by the addition of thiol (R-SH).
• thioredoxinsThese are enzymes that catalyse disulfide bond reduction of other proteins and thus, regulate their activity...
• thiostreptonOne of the cyclic peptides from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary...
• Thlaspi arvenseA noxious weed species in many U.S. States.
• thoracic spineThe twelve vertebrae in the chest region of the spine, located between the sacral and lumbar vertebrae.
• thoracoscopyEndoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
• threatened speciesAny species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a...
• three-dimensional printingProcess for making, building or constructing a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model by...
• thrombocythemiaIncreased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood.
• thrombocytopeniaA subnormal level of blood platelets.
• thrombophlebitisInflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (thrombus).
• thrombopoietinA humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (blood platelets). Thrombopoietin stimulates...
• thrombosisFormation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.
• throughfallAll the precipitation reaching the forest floor minus the stemflow, i.e., canopy drip plus direct...
• thylakoidsMembranous cisternae of the chloroplast containing photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers, and the...
• thymine-DNA glycosylaseAn enzyme that removes thymine and uracil bases mispaired with guanine through hydrolysis of their...
• thymomaA neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is...
• thyroid antagonistsAgents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
• thyroid function testsBlood tests used to evaluate the functioning of the thyroid gland.
• thyroid neoplasmsCancer or tumors of the thyroid gland.
• ticarcillinAn antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to carbenicillin in action.
• tick infestationsInfestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.
• tidal volumeThe volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are...
• tidesThe periodic rising and falling of the Earth's oceans and atmosphere. It results from the gravitational...
• tight junctionsCell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved...
• tillage erosionThe downslope movement of soil by tillage operations.
• tillage implementsField tools and machinery designed for efficient tillage of the soil, e.g., cultivators, harrows, disks and...
• timber connectorsMetal rings, plates, or grids that are embedded in the wood of adjacent members, as at the bolted points of a...
• Time to Incorporate to Nest Test (TINT)An applicable test detecting disturbed welfare by measuring the time interval mice need to integrate nesting...
• time-weighted averageThe average value of a parameter (e.g., concentration of a chemical in air) that varies over time.
• TimorAn island in the west Pacific Ocean divided into Indonesia and East Timor (independent since 2002, formerly...
• TinamiformesOrder of ground-dwelling birds that are related to the ratites and distributed in Central and South America.
• tissue banksCenters for acquiring, characterizing, and storing organs or tissue for future use.
• tissue cultureA method of maintaining or growing tissues, organ primordia, whole or parts of organs, in a manner to...
• tissue engineeringGenerating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs...
• tissue scaffoldsCell growth support structures composed of biocompatible materials. They are specially designed solid support...
• tissue transplantationTransference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals...
• tissue tropismThe localization of a pest, parasite or pathogen to a specific tissue during host infection.
• tobramycinAn aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against...
• toddlersYoung children who are just learning to walk.
• toe clippingRemoving one or more digits from the paws of a small laboratory animal such as a mouse or rat in order to...
• Tolerable Upper Intake LevelThe maximum daily nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects for 97-98% of...
• tolfenamic acidTolfenamic acid is a fenemate NSAID, and it is a structural analogue of flunixin. It is approved for use in...
• Toll-like receptorsA family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a...
• tomographyImaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located...
• tonic immobilityAn induced response to threatening stimuli characterized by complete loss of muscle strength.
• tonoplastThe semipermeable cytoplasmic membrane that surrounds the vacuole in a plant cell.
• tonsilsA round-to-oval mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the lateral wall of the pharynx. There is one on each...
• tooth erosionProgressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action.
• tooth pulpA richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity...
• tooth resorptionResorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and...
• tooth wearLoss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes.
• top dressingsThe application of compost or fertilizer on top of the soil during plant growth.
• topcrossingTerm is not limited to plant or animal context. The cross between a purebred male animal with a non-purebred...
• topiaryPlants that have been trimmed or clipped into decorative shapes.
• topographic mapsTopographic maps are a detailed record of a land area, giving geographic positions and elevations for both...
• topographic slopeAn inclined portion of the surface of the earth.
• topographyThe configuration of a surface including its relief, elevation and the position of its natural and man-made...
• topoisomerase inhibitorsAgents that inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerases.
• topologyThe study of the mathematics of three dimensional space.
• topping (pruning)The practice of removing the top branches of a tree or shrub.
• torqueTwisting or turning power.
• torrefactionHeat processing to remove moisture and volatiles, especially under anaerobic conditions. This technology is...
• torsional strengthThe strength of a material to resist deformation when one end of the material is twisted in one direction and...
• Total Diet StudyThe TDS involves purchasing samples of food throughout the U.S., preparing the foods as they would be...
• total dissolved solidsThe portion of total solids which passes through a filter and is a measure of the amount of material...
• total Kjeldahl nitrogenTotal Kjeldahl nitrogen is the total concentration of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen.
• total maximum daily loadTMDL is the calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant allowed to enter a waterbody so that the...
• total nitrogenTotal nitrogen is the sum of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonia, organic and reduced nitrogen) and...
• total parenteral nutritionThe delivery of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient whose sole source of nutrients is via...
• total solidsSolid matter which is suspended, dissolved, or settled in a liquid, such as water, wastewater, milk, and are...
• total suspended solidsSolids that either float on the surface or are suspended in water or other liquids, and which are largely...
• TotiviridaeThe family Totiviridae encompasses a broad group of viruses characterized by isometric particles, ~40 nm in...
• tourismThe industry that provides local entertainment, accommodation, transportation, catering and other services to...
• toxemiaA generalized intoxication produced by toxins and other substances elaborated by an infectious agent.
• toxicityDeleterious or adverse biological effects elicited by a chemical, physical, or biological agent.
• toxicity testingAn array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on...
• toxicogenomicsThe study of existing genetic knowledge, and the generation of new genetic data, to understand and thus avoid...
• toxicoinfectionsA foodborne illness caused by ingesting bacteria that produce toxins within the digestive tract.
• toxicologyThe study of harmful interactions between chemical, physical, or biological agents and biological systems.
• toxin-binding inhibition test (ToBI)A test based on inhibition of the binding of tetanus toxin to an antitoxin-coated immunoassay microtitre...
• toxinsPoisons produced by certain microorganisms, plants or animals that are often proteins.
• toxoidsPreparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic...
• trace elementsElements occurring in minute quantities in nature.
• traceabilityThe process of monitoring the movement of products from production to consumption and vice versa.
• tracheidsTracheids are elongated cells in the xylem, which conduct water and mineral salts in plants. Sometimes...
• tracheoscopyEndoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the trachea.
• trade agreementsA negotiated agreement usually among two or more countries or regions to limit or alter their policies with...
• trade associationsAn organization comprised of businesses, manufacturers and individuals who are in the same trade or industry...
• trade windsPersistent tropical winds that blow from the subtropical high pressure centers towards the equatorial low.
• traditional farmingThe original farming method handed down from generation to generation. It involves the intensive use of...
• traditional medicineSystems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The...
• traditional technologyTechniques that utilize indigenous, traditional methods that are often ethnic/cultural in origin. Includes...
• training (plants)Physical manipulation of plant growth and structure in a particular way so that plants perform better. It...
• trajectoriesThe curved path a projectile or other moving object follows.
• tramadolA narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.
• tranquilizersA traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior...
• trans fatty acidsUnsaturated fatty acids that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which results in a...
• transactivatorsDiffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to...
• transboundary animal diseasesHighly contagious epidemic diseases that can spread extremely rapidly, irrespective of national borders. They...
• transcranial magnetic stimulationA technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which...
• transcription factor NF-kappa BUbiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different...
• transcription factorsEndogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination...
• transcription (genetics)The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA.
• transcription initiationThe process that starts the transcription of an RNA molecule. It includes the assembly of the initiation...
• transcription initiation siteThe first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-directed RNA polymerase) begins...
• transcription terminationThe discontinuation of transcription at the end of a transcription unit, including the recognition of...
• transcriptional activationProcesses that stimulate the genetic transcription of a gene or set of genes.
• transcriptional elongation factorsTranscription factors whose primary function is to regulate the rate in which RNA is transcribed.
• transcriptional regulatory elementsNucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of genetic transcription.
• transcriptomeAn organism's complete set of mRNA molecules. The transcriptome may vary depending upon the condition and...
• transcriptomicsThe branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their transcriptome, that is their complete set of...
• Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)This test utilizes rat skin discs to identify corrosives by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum...
• transdermal applicationApplied through the dermis (or skin).
• transfectionThe uptake of naked or purified DNA by cells, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells...
• transfer RNAThe small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation to align amino acids at the...
• transfer RNA aminoacylationThe conversion of uncharged transfer RNA to aminoacyl-tRNA.
• transferrinSerum beta-globulin that binds and transports iron.
• transferrin binding proteinsA class of carrier proteins that bind to transferrin. Many strains of pathogenic bacteria utilize...
• transferrin receptorsMembrane glycoproteins found in high concentrations on iron-utilizing cells. They specifically bind...
• transforming growth factor beta receptorsCell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior...
• transforming growth factorsHormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal...
• transgenesisThe process of introducing one or more foreign genes (transgenes) into cells, embryoes etc. to obtain...
• transgenic plantsA transgenic plant contains one or more genes from other species of plants. These genes usually add some...
• transgenic resistanceAny type of resistance that occurs due to transgenes.
• transgressive segregationPattern of inheritance where progeny have a characteristic that falls outside of the range of either parent...
• transhumanceSeasonal movement of livestock from one grazing area to another, such as movement of sheep from mountain...
• transient receptor potential channelsA broad group of eukaryotic six-transmembrane cation channels that are classified by sequence homology...
• transient receptor potential vanilloid channelsA subgroup of TRP cation channels named after the vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to temperature...
• transitional economic systemsAn economic system which is changing from a system where the government directs and administers the...
• translational medical researchThe application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of...
• translational valueThis refers to how accurate an experiment using an animal model is in comparison to the same experiment or...
• translocation (plant physiology)The transport of dissolved material within a plant from one part of the plant to another.
• transmembrane proteinsA transmembrane protein is a membrane protein that spans the entire cellular membrane from the internal to...
• transmissible gastroenteritisA condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a...
• transmissible mink encephalopathyA naturally occurring subacute spongiform encephalopathy in commercially ranch-reared mink (Mustela vision)...
• transmissible venereal tumorsTumors most commonly seen on or near the genitalia. They are venereal, most likely transmitted through...
• transpirationWater discharged into the atmosphere from plant surfaces.
• transplant productionproduction of plants by seed, cuttings or other propagation methods intended to be sold and/or used as...
• transpondersAn electronic device, named for its combined transmitter and responder capabilities, whose function is to...
• transport food servicefood services (restaurants, snack bars, dining cars, individual service, etc.) provided on airplanes, trains...
• transposasesEnzymes that recombine DNA segments by a process which involves the formation of a synapse between two DNA...
• transposition (genetics)Movement of a segment of DNA from one location to another on the same or different chromosome.
• transposonsDiscrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive...
• trap cropsA plant that in interspersed in a crop or planted near a crop as a decoy for the purpose of attracting...
• tree and stand measurementsAny of the various measurements used in the forest industry, such as diameter at breast height used to...
• tree crownThe branches and foliage of a tree above the main trunk or stem.
• tree fernsFerns, usually tropical, having a thick trunk or caudex with a crown of large fronds held above the ground.
• tree releaseA silvicultural treatment designed to free young trees from undesirable, usually overtopping, competing...
• tree sheltersTubes, usually made of plastic, that provide improved microclimate and protection against animal pests and...
• tree tappingThe collection of sap or resins from trees, as in the manufacture of maple syrup, turpentine, natural rubber...
• tree trunkThe main stem of a tree of substantial diameter - roughly, capable of yielding sawtimber, veneer logs, or...
• treelineA zone where the normal growth of trees is limited; cold temperatures often combined with drought form the...
• tribal collegesPost-secondary educational institutions on tribal lands in the United States; Native American colleges given...
• tribal landsLand owned or traditionally belonging to a group of families, clans, or generations.
• trichinosisA parasitic disease of mammals caused by the nematode parasite Trichinella, whose larvae migrate from the...
• trichomesHair-like extensions on specialized epidermal surfaces of plants which protect against damage from insects...
• trichomoniasisInfections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.
• trichosanthinPlant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) purified from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which...
• trichosporonosisFungal infections caused by Trichosporon that may become systemic especially in an immunocompromised host...
• trichothecenesUsually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some...
• trichotillomaniaCompulsion to pull out one's hair.
• triclosanA diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic...
• tricolporate pollenPollen with three colpi/furrows containing pore in each colpus.
• triiodothyronineA T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than...
• trimedlureA synthetic kairomone eliciting attraction of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata.
• trimethylaminuriaAn inborn error of metabolism characterized by fishy body odor due to excessive secretion of trimethylamine...
• tripeA retail cut of beef, consisting of the walls of the rumen and the reticulum. Tripe can also come from pork...
• triploidyA cell, tissue, or organism having three sets of chromosomes.
• trisomicsHaving a diploid set of chromosomes with one additional homologous chromosome, e.g. 2N+1.
• triterpenoidsTerpenoids having a C30 skeleton.
• triticaleThe grain of an intergeneric hybrid of Triticum x Secale (wheat and rye).
• TriticosecaleIntergeneric hybrid of Triticum x Secale (wheat and rye).
• tritiumTritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen (H) that has a mass number of 3, having one proton and two...
• troleandomycinA macrolide antibiotic that is similar to erythromycin.
• trophallaxisThe mutual exchange of food between insects, especially between adults and larvae in social insects.
• trophic levelsA description of community structure based on the relationship between the production, consumption, and...
• trophozoitesCells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite...
• tropical depressionA tropical cyclone in which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind is 33 knots (38 mph) or less.
• tropical woodWood from a tropical or subtropical tree species.
• tropicsTropical moist climates extend north and south from the equator to about 15° to 25° latitude. In these...
• tropismsMovement that is inducible and takes place in a direction related to that of the stimulus, such as the...
• tropoelastinA salt-soluble precursor of elastin. Lysyl oxidase is instrumental in converting it to elastin in connective...
• troponin COne of the three polypeptide chains that make up the troponin complex of skeletal muscle. It is a...
• troponin IOne of the three polypeptide chains that make up the troponin complex. It inhibits F-actin-myosin...
• troponin TOne of the three polypeptide chains that make up the troponin complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that...
• tropopauseThe boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere, usually characterized by an abrupt change of lapse...
• troposphereThat portion of the atmosphere from the Earth's surface to the stratosphere; that is, the lowest 10 to 20...
• true proteinTrue protein measures only the proteins whereas crude protein measures any source of nitrogen and includes...
• trypanocidesAgents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder trypanosomatina.
• t-testA statistical procedure for testing the difference between two or more means. It is used for estimating the...
• tuberculoid leprosyA principal or polar form of leprosy in which the skin lesions are few and are sharply demarcated. Peripheral...
• tuberculosisAny of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium.
• tuffA rock composed of the finer kinds of volcanic detritus usually fused together by heat.
• tumor necrosis factor-alphaSerum glycoprotein produced by activated macrophages and other mammalian mononuclear leukocytes. It has...
• tumor necrosis factorsA family of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to cause necrosis of neoplasms. Their...
• tumor suppressor genesGenes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular...
• tumor suppressor protein p53Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene ( genes, P53) whose normal function is to control cell...
• tumor suppressor proteinsProteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in...
• tundraArctic or subarctic regions where tree growth is limited due to low temperatures, the short growing season...
• tundra soilsA black mucky soil with a frozen subsoil, characteristic of arctic and subarctic regions.
• tunicamycinAn N-acetylglycosamine containing antiviral antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It is also...
• tunnel handlingA non-aversive method of mouse handling where the mouse enters a plastic tube for transport. This method of...
• turbidimetryChemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of...
• turbidityA measure of opacity of a substance; the degree to which light is scattered or absorbed by a fluid.
• turbulent flowFlow characterized by agitated and irregular velocities and pressures that fluctuate randomly, as moving over...
• turtle cultureThe cultivation of turtles for food or other purposes.
• tussock grassesGrasses growing in clumps, tufts or bunches.
• Twenty-Eight Hour LawThe Twenty-Eight Hour Law was originally passed on March 3, 1873. The law was then repealed and reenacted in...
• two hybrid system techniquesScreening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are...
• two-dimensional gel electrophoresisElectrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate...
• tylosesMasses of parenchyma cells appearing somewhat like froth in the pores of some hardwoods, notably the white...
• tylosinMacrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many...
• type III secretion systemA highly conserved, multicomponent secretion system found in many Gram-negative bacteria that are plant and...
• typhusThe classic form of typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, which is transmitted from man to man by the...
• tyramineAn indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly...
• tyrocidineAn antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines...

334 of 6,908 terms in Agriculture and food terminology (MLC-0114). Request the full dataset.