Agriculture and food terminology · MLC-0114

Agriculture and food terms: H (305)

• habitat connectivityLandscape connectivity is defined as the degree to which the spatial configuration of the landscape...
• habitat conservationThe preservation, maintenance, protection, restoration and enhancement of habitats for wild species.
• habitat fragmentationA process during which larger areas of habitat are broken into a number of smaller patches of smaller total...
• habitatsThe natural environment where an organism, population or community lives, including biotic and abiotic...
• habituationHabituation is defined as the decrease in physiological responsivity that occurs to a repeated presentation...
• HACCPA systematic approach to be used in food processing as a means to assure food safety.
• half lifeThe time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic...
• halitosisAn offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral...
• haloacetic acidsHaloacetic Acids (HAA5) are a group of chemicals that are formed along with other disinfection byproducts...
• hamstring musclesA group of muscles in the posterior thigh area that are involved in connecting the knee joint and the pelvis.
• hand, foot and mouth diseaseA mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on...
• hand strengthForce exerted when gripping or grasping.
• hand-assisted laparoscopyPlacement of one of the surgeon's gloved hands into the abdominal cavity to perform manual manipulations that...
• Hantaviridae infectionsInfections with viruses of the family Hantaviridae.
• haploidyAn organism with one basic chromosome set, symbolized by n.
• haploinsufficiencyA copy number variation that results in reduced gene dosage due to any loss-of-function mutation. The loss of...
• haplotypesThe genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of...
• haptensSmall antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens...
• haptoglobinsPlasma glycoproteins that form a stable complex with hemoglobin to aid the recycling of heme iron.
• hard red spring wheatThe wheat class that contains the highest percentage of proteins, making it an excellent bread wheat, with...
• hard red winter wheatThe class of wheat used mostly for bread and all-purpose flour; seeded in the fall; ranges from medium to...
• hard white wheatNewest white class of wheat to be grown in the U.S. Closely related to red wheats (except for color genes)...
• hardboardA generic term for a panel manufactured primarily from interfelted lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood)...
• hardpansA hardened soil layer in the lower A or in the B horizon caused by cementation of soil particles with organic...
• hardwoodGenerally one of the botanical groups of trees that have vessels or pores and broad leaves, in contrast to...
• harmomegathyHarmomegathy is the process by which pollen grains and spores change in shape to accommodate variations in...
• harvest indexGrain weight as a percentage of total above-ground dry weight at maturity.
• hatcheriesFacilities for hatching chicks from eggs.
• hatchingThe escape of the young one from the egg.
• haustoriaA special hyphal-like appendage produced by a parasite (plant, fungus, etc.) as a result of its contact with...
• hayGrasses, clover, alfalfa and other legumes, or any other leafy plant material that is cut and dried to be...
• hay feverAllergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute conjunctivitis with...
• haylageLow-moisture silage (35-55% moisture). Grass and legume crops are cut and wilted in the field to a lower...
• haylandA subcategory of cropland managed for the production of forage crops that are machine harvested. The crop may...
• hazard characterizationThe description of adverse effects in terms of their toxicity, dose response, and exposure route, duration...
• hazard identificationThe description of the types and nature of adverse effects caused by substances, activities or events.
• hazard ratioIt is a measure of an effect of an intervention on an outcome of interest over time. Outcome can be positive...
• hazard treesA tree with structural defects likely to cause failure of all or part of the tree and with high potential to...
• head and neck neoplasmsSoft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the lip; oral cavity; pharynx; larynx; and...
• head and neck squamous cell carcinomaThe most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the nasal...
• head blightChlorotic symptoms affecting the inflorescences or seed heads of cereal crops.
• Head StartA federal program that promotes the school readiness of children ages birth to 5 from low-income families by...
• headspace analysisThe chemical analysis of the vapor mixture trapped above a solid or liquid in a sealed vessel.
• health behaviorBehaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper...
• health claimsAny claim made on the label or in labeling of a food that expressly or by implication characterizes the...
• health foodsFoods that are considered by the public as having superior health benefits, such as those produced with...
• health hazardsBiological, chemical or physical agent or condition with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.
• health promotionEncouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through...
• health servicesServices for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.
• health statusThe level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by...
• health surveysA systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given...
• health-adjusted life yearThe number of years of perfect health that are considered equivalent to (i.e., have the same utility as) the...
• healthy dietA diet which aims to support nutrition needs, improve health and reduce the risk of developing diet-related...
• hearing protectorsPersonal devices for protection of the ears from loud or high intensity noise, water, or cold. These include...
• hearing testsPart of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.
• heart abnormalitiesDevelopmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be...
• heart failureA heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic...
• heart transplantThe transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.
• heart valve diseasesPathological conditions involving any of the various heart valves and the associated structures (papillary...
• heartwaterA tick-borne septicemic disease of ruminants caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium of the family Rickettsiaceae.
• heartwoodThe wood extending from the pith to the sapwood, the cells of which no longer participate in the life...
• heat exhaustionA clinical syndrome caused by heat stress, such as over-exertion in a hot environment or excessive exposure...
• heat islandAn area with air temperatures measurably greater than that of its surroundings. Urban areas form "heat...
• heat shock proteinsProteins which are synthesized in eukaryotic organisms and bacteria in response to hyperthermia and other...
• heat shock responseA sequence of responses that occur when an organism is exposed to excessive heat. In humans, an increase in...
• heat stress disordersA group of conditions that develop due to overexposure or overexertion in excessive environmental heat.
• heat strokeA condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during...
• heathlandsA vegetation type dominated by low growing woody plants from the Ericaceae family and typically found in...
• heat-shock protein 40A family of heat-shock proteins that contain a 70 amino-acid consensus sequence known as the J domain. The J...
• heat-shock protein 70A class of molecular chaperones found in both prokaryotes and in several compartments of eukaryotic cells...
• heavy metalsMetals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and...
• hedging (pruning)A specialized form of mechanical pruning done in orchards that involves cutting back the sides of the tree...
• hedonic scalesA scale used for measuring liking or disliking of food or other products by consumers.
• heifersBovine females that have not given birth to calves.
• heirloom varietiesVarieties whose germplasm has been conserved through the practice of retaining and passing down 1) seed or 2)...
• helix-loop-helix motifsRecurring supersecondary structures characterized by 20 amino acids folding into two alpha helices connected...
• helix-turn-helix motifsDNA-binding protein motif constructed from two alpha helixes and connected by a short extended chain of amino...
• helminth antibodiesImmunoglobulins produced in a response to helminth antigens.
• helminth proteinsProteins found in any species of helminth.
• helminthiasisInfestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.
• helminthsWormlike parasites of animals, including parasitic stages of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes...
• helper virusesViruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing...
• hemagglutination inhibition testSerologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red...
• hemagglutination testsTests which measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate on the...
• hematocritThe volume of packed red cells in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with...
• hematologic diseasesDisorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.
• hematomaA collection of blood outside the blood vessels. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
• hematopoietic stem cellsProgenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.
• hemeThe color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many...
• heme proteinsProteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin.
• hemicelluloseA celluloselike material (in wood) that is easily decomposable as by dilute acid, yielding several different...
• hemicryptophytesOne of Raunkiaer's life-form categories, being a plant whose perennating buds or shoot apices are borne at...
• hemiterpenesThe five-carbon building blocks of terpenes that derive from mevalonic acid or deoxyxylulose phosphate.
• hemizygoteAn individual having only one allele at a given locus because of the loss of the other allele through a...
• hemocoelA body cavity of arthropods and some molluscs that contains blood or hemolymph, which functions as part of...
• hemocyaninHemocyanin is a complex oxygen carrier protein that transports oxygen in the hemolymph of many molluscs and...
• hemocytesInvertebrate blood cells.
• hemoglobinuriaThe presence of free hemoglobin in the urine, indicating hemolysis of erythrocytes within the vascular system.
• hemolymphBloodlike fluid of the hemocoel in open circulatory systems of arthropods and most molluscs.
• hemolysisThe destruction of erythrocytes by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals...
• hemolytic anemiaA condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (anemia) or insufficient hemoglobin due to premature...
• hemolytic uremic syndromeA syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the kidney, such as renal cortical necrosis. It...
• hemophiliaThe classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood...
• hemorrhageBleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.
• hemorrhagic enteritisAn economically important disease of turkeys caused by a type II aviadenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus...
• hemosiderosisCondiciones en las que se presenta un aumento generalizado en los depósitos de hierro de los tejidos del...
• hemostasisThe process which spontaneously arrests the flow of blood from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is...
• Hen Egg Test-Chorionallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM)This is an alternative test to the Draize Rabbit Eye Test. It is a method used to predict the irritation...
• hensAdult female chickens.
• hepatitisInflammation of the liver.
• hepatitis AInflammation of the liver in humans caused by a member of the hepatovirus genus, human hepatitis A virus. It...
• hepatitis A antigensAntigens produced by various strains of hepatitis A virus such as the human hepatitis A virus.
• hepatitis BInflammation of the liver in humans caused by a member of the orthohepadnavirus genus, Hepatitis B virus. It...
• hepatitis B antigensAntigens of the virion of the hepatitis B virus or the Dane particle, its surface (hepatitis B surface...
• hepatitis CInflammation of the liver in humans caused by Hepatitis C virus, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation...
• hepatitis C antigensAntigens of the virions of hepacivirus, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.
• hepatitis DInflammation of the liver in humans caused by Hepatitis delta virus, a defective RNA virus that can only...
• hepatitis EAcute inflammation of the liver in humans; caused by Hepatitis E virus, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA...
• hepatocyte growth factor receptorCell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptors for hepatocyte growth factor. They consist of an extracellular...
• hepatomaA primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells.
• hepatosomatic indexThe ratio of liver weight to total body weight; used as a measure of the energy reserves of an animal...
• heptaneAny of several isometric hydrocarbons of the methane series.
• herbaceous browseThe consumption of young and non-woody shoots and foliage that have an annual, biennial, or perennial life...
• herbicide resistanceThe ability of a plant to survive, grow and complete its normal life cycle after exposure to the application...
• herbicide safenersChemicals that selectively protect crops against herbicide injury.
• herbicidesPesticides that kill weeds and other plants that grow where they are not wanted.
• herbivoresAn animal that feeds on plant substances.
• herd immunityThe non-susceptibility to infection of a large group of individuals in a population. A variety of factors can...
• herd replacement rateThe number of animals required to replace animals that have left the herd during a defined period (usually 12...
• heritabilityThe degree of variation in a trait that is genetically transmissible from parent to offspring.
• herkogamyThe spatial separation of stigmas and anthers within a flower. It reduces the likelihood of self-pollination...
• hermaphroditismThe condition in which an individual has both male and female reproductive structures.
• herniaProtrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by...
• herpes simplexA group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the...
• herpes zosterAn acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent...
• Herpesviridae infectionsInfections with viruses of the family Herpesviridae.
• herringbone milking parlorsRaised, zigzag-designed milking stalls that allow the group milking of several cows at one time in a pipeline...
• hesperidium fruitsHesperidium is a modified, septate berry with leathery rind or peel (exocarp, mesocarp). The interior...
• heterochromatinThe portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during interphase.
• heterokaryonCell containing two or more nuclei from different origins as a result of fusion.
• heterologous gene expressionExpression of a gene or genes of interest from one organism into another organism that doesn't have it. It is...
• heterophilsA granulocyte in birds that corresponds to the neutrophil in man.
• heterosisThe adaptive superiority of the heterozygous genotype with respect to one or more characters in comparison...
• heteroskedasticityNonconstancy of the standard deviations of a set of random variables, most commonly expressed as differing...
• heterostylyThe condition of having styles of different lengths in the flowers of different individual plants e.g., in...
• heterotrophic bacteriaBacteria whose main source of nutrition is complex organic matter.
• heterotrophsOrganisms whose main source of nutrition is complex organic matter. Contrast with autotrophs.
• heterozygosityAn individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
• high density lipoprotein cholesterolCholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including cholesterol esters...
• high fidelity simulation trainingA method that involves the use of life-like and highly advanced manikins (sometimes called mannequins) that...
• high fructose corn syrupSyrup made from corn used widely in foods and beverages as a cheaper alternative sweetener to sucrose (common...
• High Plains (United States)The plateau region in the Southern Great Plains extending from the southern border of South Dakota to the...
• highly unsaturated fatty acidsPolyunsaturated fatty acids containing 20 or more carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
• high-temperature short-time pasteurizationThe temperature and time combination for pasteurization of milk and milk products. The minimum for milk is...
• high-throughput nucleotide sequencingTechniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of...
• high-throughput screening methodsRapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually...
• hinniesThe offspring of a stallion (male horse) and a jennet (female ass).
• hippocampusA curved elevation of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of the...
• hippotherapyTherapy assisted by the use of a horse and/or its movement, including equine-assisted psychotherapy...
• HispaniolaAn island in the north central Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba, divided between the republic of Haiti on the west...
• histiocytosisGeneral term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood.
• histocompatibility antigensA group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are...
• histone codeThe specific patterns of changes made to histones, that are involved in assembly, maintenance, and alteration...
• histone demethylasesEnzymes that catalyse the removal of methyl groups from lysine or arginine residues found on histones. Many...
• histoplasmosisInfections or diseases caused by the Histoplasma fungus.
• historic preservationThe identification, rehabilitation, maintenance and protection of historically important architecture...
• historic sitesAny area, site, structure or landmark that has special significance to the history, pre-history, architecture...
• HIV infectionsIncludes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity...
• HIV integraseEnzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required to integrate viral DNA into cellular DNA in the...
• HIV long-term survivorsPersons who have experienced prolonged survival of HIV infection. This includes the full spectrum of...
• HIV seropositivityDevelopment of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency...
• HLA antigensAntigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans...
• hog choleraA typically acute, highly contagious disease of pigs, caused by the Classical swine fever virus. It has a...
• hoggetsYoung sheep from weaning until its first shearing.
• Holliday junction resolvasesEnzymes that recognize cruciform DNA structures and introduce paired incisions that help to resolve the...
• holographyThe interferometry technique used to make three-dimensional pictures of surfaces. One light beam illuminates...
• holomorphsA "perfect" fungus where both sexual and asexual stages are known.
• home compostingRefers to the diversion of food scraps and yard trimmings from the municipal waste stream through the onsite...
• home health servicesCommunity health and nursing services providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's...
• home ignition zoneThe area of a home or building and its surroundings, within a distance of about 200 feet, that directly...
• home rangeThe geographic area within which an animal lives and moves and to which it confines its usual activities.
• home-based businessesA small business which is based in a residence and is owned and operated by the resident of the home...
• homeodomain proteinsProteins encoded by homeobox genes that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
• homeostasisThe processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.
• homeotic genesGenes that encode highly conserved transcription factors that control positional identity of cells (body...
• homogenizationThe process of reducing the particle size in a fluid, so that particles are dispersed throughout the fluid...
• homokaryonCell with two or more identical nuclei as a result of fusion.
• homonymTwo or more names that are identical in spelling but have a different meaning.
• homozygosityAn individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
• honeydew honeyHoney made by honeybees from the honeydew (sugary excretions of sap-sucking insects or aphids) or secretions...
• hoof trimmingPainlessly cutting or shaving the excess keratinous layers on the feet of ungulate animals to maintain foot...
• horizontal resistanceHost resistance that function equally against any type of foreign matter or agent such as micororganism...
• hormesisBiphasic dose responses of cells or organisms (including microorganisms) to an exogenous or intrinsic factor...
• hormone agonistsChemical substances that have an affinity for and stimulate physiologic activity at cell receptors normally...
• hormone antagonistsChemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted...
• hormone replacement therapyTherapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.
• hormonesChemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The...
• horse diseasesDiseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.
• Horse Protection ActThe Horse Protection Act (HPA) was passed in 1970 to prohibit the showing, sale, auction, exhibition, or...
• horsemanshipSkill in riding and handling horses.
• horticultural cropsHorticulture crops are crops that are used by people for food, for medicinal purposes, and for aesthetic...
• horticultureHorticulture is defined as that branch of agriculture concerned with growing plants that are used by people...
• horticulturistsPersons educated in the science and art of cultivating fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants.
• host plantsPlants which provide shelter, habitat, breeding sites or serve as a food source as part of the life cycle of...
• host preferencesThe selection of a particular host species by a pest, pathogen or parasite based on the host's capacity to...
• host rangeThe variety of different host species that provide nourishment, shelter or are otherwise associated with a...
• host-pathogen relationshipsThe interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.
• household pestsPest species that are found in households, such as roaches, fleas, bed bugs, rats, mice, etc.
• Human alphaherpesvirus 1The type species of simplexvirus causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary...
• human cell line activation test (h-CLAT)The human Cell Line Activation Test is a cell-based assay that identifies if a substance is a skin...
• human developmentPhysiological, psychological, and sociological growth or maturation occurring throughout an individual's...
• human tissue useModels using human tissue or cells to help reduce the reliance on animals in research and are more...
• humane endpointsAn early endpoint that, while accomplishing the research objectives, is chosen to minimize or terminate the...
• Humane Methods of Slaughter ActThe Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA) requires the humane treatment and handling of food animals at the...
• humeral fracturesFractures of the humerus.
• humid zonesRegions where the average relative humidity is high, and the precipitation is sufficient to support forests.
• humidityA measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air.
• huntersA person who hunts wild animals for food or their parts (skin, hairs, feathers, bones etc.) or in sport.
• H-Y antigenA sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It...
• hybrid dysgenesisP element mediated transposition in the germ line, first investigated in Drosophila, in which males of...
• hybrid genusA hybrid genus is the genus name used with a species that represents an intergeneric hybrid.
• hybrid speciesA hybrid species can be a hybrid between two (or more) different species in the same genus, or it can be a...
• hybridogenesisA hemiclonal form of sexual reproduction, that involves two different species; the genome from one species is...
• hybridsHeterozygous offspring of two genetically different parents.
• hydration gelsA gelatin-based substance used for animal hydration through oral consumption. It is often used post-surgery...
• hydraulic conductivityThe capacity of a rock to transmit water. It is expressed as the volume of water at the existing kinematic...
• hydraulic fracturingThe creation of fractures within a reservoir that contains oil or natural gas to increase flow and maximize...
• hydraulic headHeight above a datum plane (such as mean sea level) of the column of water that can be supported by the...
• hydraulic structuresA manmade structure that serves the purpose of diverting, restricting, stopping, or otherwise controlling the...
• hydrazonesCompounds of the general formula R:N.NR2, as resulting from the action of hydrazines with aldehydes or...
• hydric soilsSoil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding or ponding long enough during the growing season to...
• hydroacousticsThe study and application of sound waves in the water.
• hydrochoryThe dispersal of seeds or spores by water.
• hydrodynamic dispersionThe spread of solutes, colloids, particulate matter, or heat by the combined processes of diffusion and...
• hydrodynamicsThe branch of the science of mechanics that deals with the motion of fluids and the forces acting on solids...
• hydrogelsWater swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They...
• hydrogen bondingAn intermolecular attraction force that results when the hydrogen of one molecule and a pair of unshared...
• hydrogen fuel cellsAn electrochemical device in which electrons released from the oxidation of hydrogen gas as the source fuel...
• hydrogenationAddition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid.
• hydrographA graph showing variation in the water depth in a stream or the volume of water flowing past a point in a...
• hydrolasesAny member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to...
• hydrologic cycleThe circuit of water movement from the atmosphere through various stages or processes on the ground (such as...
• hydrologyA science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water, specifically the study of...
• hydrolysisThe process of cleavage of a chemical bond by the addition of water.
• hydrometersMeasuring instruments to determine the specific gravity of liquids or solutions.
• hydromorphoneAn opioid analgesic made from morphine and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action...
• hydroperoxidesChemical derivatives of hydrogen peroxide in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an organyl group.
• hydrophilicityHaving a strong tendency to bind or absorb water.
• hydrophobic bondingInteraction resulting by the exclusion of nonpolar residues from water. It is an important determinant of...
• hydrophobicityHaving a strong tendency to repel water.
• hydrophobinsHydrophobins are small, cysteine rich proteins secreted by filamentous fungi.
• hydroponicsThe growing of plants in a soilless environment where nutrients are provided by the application of nutrient...
• hydrostatic pressureThe pressure at a specific elevation exerted by a body of water at rest.
• hydroxycholesterolsCholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.
• hydroxyl radicalsThe univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.
• hydroxylamineA colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability...
• hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasesEnzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids.
• hygrometersInstruments for measuring the humidity of the atmosphere.
• hygrometryScience that deals with the measurement of the humidity of air and gases.
• hygromycin BAminoglycoside produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is used as an anthelmintic against swine infections...
• hypanthiumA floral tube formed by the fusion of the basal portions of the sepals, petals, and stamens, and from which...
• hyperaccumulatorsPlants with the ability to accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals without toxic effects and are used...
• hyperandrogenismA condition caused by the excessive secretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex; the ovaries; or the...
• hyperbilirubinemiaA condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the amount of bilirubin in the blood, which may result...
• hypercalcemiaHigh blood calcium levels.
• hypercapniaA clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
• hypercholesterolemiaA condition with abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
• hyperemiaThe presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement...
• hypergammaglobulinemiaAn excess of gamma-globulins in the serum due to chronic infections or paraproteinemias
• hyperhydricityA physiological disorder occurring in plant tissue cultures characterized by high water retention capacity...
• hyperinsulinemiaA syndrome with excessively high insulin levels in the blood. It may cause hypoglycemia. Etiology of...
• hyperkalemiaAbnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is...
• hyperlipidemiaConditions with excess lipids in the blood.
• hyperlipoproteinemiaConditions with abnormally elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood.
• hyperparasitismParasitism in which a secondary parasite parasitizes a previously existing (primary) parasite in a host.
• hyperplasiaAn increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation. It differs from...
• hypersensitive responseA specific reaction of a plant to invading pathogens, parasites or pests by the production of biochemicals...
• hypersensitivityAltered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that...
• hypertensionHypertension is persistently high arterial blood pressure and may have no known cause or be associated with...
• hyperthermophilic archaeaArchaea requiring extremely high temperatures for normal development.
• hyperthermophilic bacteriaBacteria requiring extremely high temperatures for normal development.
• hyperthyroidismHypersecretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase basal...
• hypertrophyGeneral increase in bulk of a part or organ, due to cell enlargement and accumulation of fluids and...
• hyperuricemiaExcessive uric acid or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37°C; greater than 0.42 mmol...
• hypervitaminosisA symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of vitamin.
• hypervitaminosis AA symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of vitamin A.
• hypervitaminosis DHypervitaminosis D is a condition that occurs after taking very high doses of vitamin D. An excess of vitamin...
• hypervitaminosis EA symptom caused by ingesting excessive amounts of vitamin E.
• hypoalbuminemiaA condition in which albumin level in blood (serum albumin) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be...
• hypocalcemiaReduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes...
• hypocholesterolemiaA condition in which the cholesterol levels in the blood are abnormally low.
• hypocotylsThe part of an embryo or seedling below the cotyledon(s) and above the radicle (but sometimes including it).
• hypoglycemic agentsSubstances which lower blood glucose levels.
• hypokalemiaAbnormally low potassium concentration in the blood.
• hypolipoproteinemiaConditions with abnormally low levels of lipoproteins in the blood.
• hyponastyStronger growth on the lower surface than on the upper surface of a plant part, which causes the part, such...
• hyponatremiaDeficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion.
• hypopharyngeal glandsHypopharyngeal glands are present in Hymenoptera and consists of paired long glands in the sides of the head...
• hypoproteinemiaA condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by...
• hypotensionAbnormally low blood pressure that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs.
• hypothalamic hormonesPeptide hormones produced by neurons of various regions in the hypothalamus. They are released into the...
• hypothermiaLower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.
• hypoxiaRelatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
• hypoxia-inducible factor 1A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in apoptosis. It is composed of two subunits...
• hysteroscopyEndoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus.

305 of 6,908 terms in Agriculture and food terminology (MLC-0114). Request the full dataset.