Agriculture and food terminology · MLC-0114

Agriculture and food terms: G (302)

• gabapentinA cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of partial seizures...
• gain-of-function mutationA type of mutation in which the altered gene product possesses a new molecular function or a new pattern of...
• galactose oxidaseAn enzyme that oxidizes galactose in the presence of molecular oxygen to D-galacto-hexodialdose. It is a...
• galactosidesGlycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of galactose with an...
• galectinsA class of animal lectins that bind specifically to beta-galactoside in a calcium-independent manner. Members...
• Gallus gallusThe red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) is generally accepted as the ancestor of modern chicken breeds (Gallus...
• game animalsAnimals considered worthy of pursuit by sports persons, especially wild animals hunted for sport or food.
• game birdsBirds which are widely hunted for sport.
• gametocytesUndifferentiated plant or animal cells that divide by meiosis to produce gametes.
• gametogenesisThe process of germ cell development from the primordial germ cells to the mature haploid gametes.
• gametolysinAn autogenous protease with capability of disintegrating organism's own cell.
• gametophoresStructures bearing the reproductive organs (gametangia) of mosses and ferns.
• gametophytesA phase where sexual organs are produced and bear gametes in the life cycle of organisms having alternation...
• gamma cateninA multi-functional catenin that is highly homologous to beta catenin. Gamma catenin binds cadherins and helps...
• gamma spectrometryDetermination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei.
• gamma-aminobutyric acid receptorsCell-surface proteins that bind gamma-aminobutyric acid with high affinity and trigger changes that influence...
• gandersMale geese.
• gangreneDeath and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.
• gap junctionsConnections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were...
• gardenersPersons who tend a garden.
• gas chromatography-mass spectrometryA microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as...
• gas gangreneA severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft...
• gas hydrateNaturally occurring "ice-like" combinations of natural gas and water that have the potential to provide an...
• gasificationHeat or chemical process of changing a substance into gas, often used to produce fuels from carbonaceous...
• gasoholA mixture of gasoline and either methanol or ethanol fuel that is used as a motor fuel. The mixture is...
• gastric inhibitory polypeptideA gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids. It is found to be a potent stimulator of insulin...
• gastric juiceThe liquid secretion of the stomach mucosa consisting of hydrochloric acid (gastric acid); pepsinogens...
• gastric mucosaLining of the stomach, consisting of an inner epithelium, a middle lamina propria, and an outer muscularis...
• gastrinsA family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of gastric juices. They may also...
• gastritisInflammation of the stomach, especially the gastric mucosa.
• gastroesophageal refluxRetrograde flow of gastric juice (gastric acid) and/or duodenal contents (bile acids; pancreatic juice) into...
• gastrointestinal agentsDrugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate...
• gastrointestinal endoscopyEndoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
• gastrointestinal hormonesHormones secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa that affect the timing or the quality of secretion of...
• gastrointestinal neoplasmsTumors or cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anal canal.
• gastrointestinal transitPassage of food (sometimes in the form of a test meal) through the gastrointestinal tract as measured in...
• gastronomyThe science and art of good eating and drinking.
• gastroscopyEndoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.
• GATA transcription factorsA family of transcription factors that contain two zinc finger motifs and bind to the DNA sequence...
• gate-to-gateA system boundary condition in a life cycle assessment which describes raw or intermediate material...
• gavage needlesPlastic or metal orogastric tubes used to orally deliver drugs, chemicals, pathogens, or other substances...
• gel chromatographyChromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.
• gelatinizationThe transformation of solid, crystalline form of starch to a soluble, swollen form in the presence of heat...
• gelatinization temperatureThe temperature threshold at which gel formation is observed during processing. May be applied to the...
• gelationThe transition of a solution into semisolid state by cooling it.
• geldingsCastrated male horses.
• gemfibrozilA lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a...
• gene amplificationA selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional...
• gene banksThe place where genetic material (cells, nucleic acids, etc.) is preserved. The main purpose is to conserve...
• gene componentsThe parts of the gene sequence that carry out the different functions of the genes.
• gene conversionThe asymmetrical segregation of genes during replication which leads to the production of non-reciprocal...
• gene deletionA genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally...
• gene dosageThe number of copies of a given gene present in a cell or nucleus.
• gene duplicationProcesses occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a...
• gene editingGenetic engineering techniques that involve DNA repair mechanisms for incorporating site-specific...
• gene expressionThe phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of genetic transcription and genetic...
• gene expression regulationAny of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential...
• gene flowThe movement of genes from one population to another of the same species.
• gene frequencyThe proportion of one particular in the total of all alleles for one genetic locus in a breeding population.
• gene fusionThe genetic recombination of the parts of two or more genes resulting in a gene with different or additional...
• gene interactionThe involvement of genes at different loci in the production of a phenotype.
• gene ontologySets of structured vocabularies used for describing and categorizing genes, and gene products by their...
• gene orderThe sequential location of genes on a chromosome.
• gene poolThe total genetic information possessed by the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing...
• gene rearrangementThe ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during...
• gene regulatory networksInteracting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the genome that coordinate input from activator and...
• gene silencingInterruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.
• gene targetingThe integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably...
• gene transferThe introduction of functional (usually cloned) genes into cells and organisms by a variety of techniques...
• General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeA post- World War II international treaty for the regulation of trade policy and the reduction of tariffs and...
• General Circulation ModelsHydrodynamic models of the atmosphere on a grid or spectral resolution that determine the surface pressure...
• general partnershipA business partnership in which two or more persons are co-owners of a business for profit.
• generic advertisingThe promotion of a particular commodity without reference to a specific producer, brand name or manufacturer...
• genesThe fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. A gene is typically a specific segment of a...
• genetic backgroundThe genotypic base of a breeding line or population. Populations with a broad genetic base respond to...
• genetic codeThe meaning ascribed to the base sequence with respect to how it is translated into amino acid sequence. The...
• genetic complementationThe production of a wild-type phenotype by two different recessive mutant alleles acting independently in the...
• genetic complementation testA test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in...
• genetic conjugationA biological process whereby two cells come in contact and exchange genetic material. In bacteria, the...
• genetic correlationThe portion of a phenotypic correlation between two traits in a population that can be attributed to additive...
• genetic databasesDatabases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.
• genetic distanceThe genetic divergence between two individuals, populations or species. It is commonly a statistic based on...
• genetic driftThe fluctuation of the allele frequency from one generation to the next.
• genetic engineeringDirected modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA...
• genetic equilibriumIt is the state in which allele frequencies remain constant in a randomly mating population.
• genetic erosionAs applied to genetic diversity, erosion is the loss of genetic diversity within a species. It can happen...
• genetic heterogeneityThe presence of apparently similar characters for which the genetic evidence indicates that different genes...
• genetic instabilityAn increased tendency of the genome to acquire mutations when various processes involved in maintaining and...
• genetic loadThe relative amount by which the average fitness of a population is lowered, due to the presence of genes...
• genetic markersA phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group...
• genetic meritThe ability of an individual parent to produce superior offspring with desirable traits as compared to other...
• genetic modelsTheoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They...
• genetic pollutionGenetic pollution is the spread of foreign or modified genetic material into a wild genome resulting from...
• genetic polymorphismThe regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous...
• genetic predisposition to diseaseA latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
• genetic profileA set of characteristics unique to the DNA of an individual organism or population obtained by analyzing...
• genetic rescueMethods used to increase genetic viability in a population, such as inbred populations or endangered species...
• genetic resistanceThe relative amount of heritable qualities possessed by a organism that reduces the degree of damage to the...
• genetic stabilityThe tendency of a population to maintain its genotypes over generations.
• genetic structureThe amount and nonrandom distribution pattern of genetic variation within a population or species.
• genetic suppressionMutation process that restores the wild-type phenotype in an organism possessing a mutationally altered...
• genetic transductionTransfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the...
• genetic transformationChange brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (transfection...
• genetic varianceThe phenotypic variance of a trait in a population due to genetic heterogeneity.
• genetic variationGenotypic differences observed between or among the species in a population.
• genetic vectorsAny DNA molecule capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can...
• genetically modified foodsFoods produced from genetically modified organisms. These species have undergone directed modification of...
• geneticinAn antibiotic from Micromonospora rhodorangea.
• genitaliaThe external and internal organs related to reproduction.
• genomeThe complete set of genetic material in the chromosomes of an organism with its associated genes.
• genome assemblyA sequencing technique in which many small DNA sequence pieces are put together using bioinformatics and...
• genome miningThe process of discovering various information about the natural products or processes of an organism based...
• genome walkingA polymerase chain reaction-based DNA sequencing technique for identifying unknown nucleotide sequences...
• genome-wide association studyAn analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole genome representative set of)...
• genomic allergen rapid detectionAn in vitro assay used to determine the skin sensitizing capacity of chemicals for a specific set of genes.
• genomic islandsDistinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid genomes that are types of mobile genetic elements...
• genomic librariesA form of gene library containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It...
• genomicsThe branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes, i.e., their complete DNA sequence.
• genotoxicityThe degree to which a toxin has adverse effects on DNA.
• genotoxicity testsTests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect...
• genotypeThe genetic constitution of an organism, cell, individual or taxon, as distinct from its physical appearance...
• genotype mixturesA practice where two or more genotypes of a single species are used in combination, usually for the benefit...
• genotype-environment interactionEffect of different environmental conditions on the phenotype and level of performance of an individual.
• genotype-phenotype correlationThe analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its...
• genotypingMethods used to determine individuals' specific alleles or SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms).
• gentamicinA complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1(subA)...
• gentiobioseDisaccharide consisting of two glucose units in a beta (1-6) glycosidic linkage.
• geocodingThe practice of matching standardized tabular data to a specific real world location with established...
• geodesyThe science concerned with measuring the size and shape of the changing Earth using reference points that...
• geographic coordinate systemsAny of the standardized systems used to indicate the location of points on the surface of the Earth, such as...
• geographic information systemsAn information system for capturing, storing, integrating, analyzing and displaying geospatial data.
• geographical isolationThe separation of species of same populations or a breeding group due to a physical barrier, such as a river...
• geomorphologyThe external structure, form, and arrangement of rocks or sediments in relation to the development of the...
• geophagiaThe practice of eating soil, chalk or clay.
• geophysicsThe study of the physical characteristics and properties of the earth; including geodesy, seismology...
• geophytesA perennial plant whose perennating buds are found under the soil, usually attached to a tuber, bulb, rhizome...
• geopropolisGeopropolis is a type of propolis prepared by threatened stingless bee species (Meliponinae). It is a mixture...
• georeferencingThe practice of establishing the relationship between coordinates on a map or image with the specific real...
• geospatial science and technologyThe science and technology of gathering, storing, analyzing, processing and distributing geographic...
• geospatial technologyTechnological tools applied in the acquiring, managing, interpreting, integrating, displaying, and analyzing...
• geostatisticsThe application of statistical methods to geospatial data. Geostatistics are applied to many disciplines such...
• geotaxisThe movement of an entire plant or an organism in response to gravity.
• geothermal energyHeat from inside the Earth. People can use geothermal energy to heat buildings or produce electricity.
• geotrichosisInfections or diseases caused by the Geotrichum fungus.
• germ tubeThe outgrowth formed by a fungal spore during germination which develops into the hypha.
• germ-free animalsAnimals not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms.
• germplasmThe cells or tissues from which a new organism can be generated.
• gerontologyThe branch of medicine concerned with the physiological and pathological aspects of the aged, including the...
• gestational ageThe age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of fertilization. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational...
• gheeA type of clarified butter that has a nutty, caramel-like flavor and aroma.
• ghrelinGhrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide with an octanoyl group on serine in the third position, stimulates...
• giant cellsAny multinucleated mass of cytoplasm not separated into cells, due to incomplete cell division or when cells...
• giardin proteinGroup of cytoskeletal proteins found in Giardia lamblia trophozoite attachment organelle, ventral adhesive...
• gibberellinsA plant hormone useful in regulating the growth characteristics of many plants.
• gibletsThe edible viscera of poultry, consisting of the heart, gizzard and liver. The neck is usually included in...
• giltsYoung female swine, up to and including primiparous (first litter females) typically less than 15 months of...
• gingivaOral tissue surrounding and attached to teeth.
• gingival vein punctureMinimally invasive technique where the gingival vein (in the mouth) is punctured to collect blood.
• girdlingInjury resulting from removal or tight encircling of the bark or cambium around the outer circumference of a...
• glaciationThe formation, advance or recession of glaciers and ice sheets covering the landscape.
• glaciersA multi-year surplus accumulation of snowfall in excess of snowmelt on land and resulting in a mass of ice at...
• glandersA contagious disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by Pseudomonas mallei (syn...
• glass fibersFilaments of glass which can be naturally occurring, such as Pele's hair originating from volcanoes, or can...
• gliadinSimple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4...
• glioblastomaA malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia...
• gliomaBenign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes...
• gliotoxinsA fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus...
• global carbon budgetThe balance of the exchanges (incomes and losses) of carbon between the carbon reservoirs or between one...
• global positioning systemsA technology that uses the position of satellites to provide precise location coordinates on the Earth's...
• global warmingGlobal warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in...
• global warming potentialA measure of how much heat a substance can trap in the atmosphere. GWP can be used to compare the effects of...
• globalizationThe world-wide integration of markets for goods, services and capital.
• glomerular filtration rateThe volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit...
• glovesCoverings for the hands, usually with separations for the fingers, made of various materials, for protection...
• glucagon-like peptide 2A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of proglucagon and mainly produced by the intestinal L...
• glucagon-like peptidesPeptides produced by the endocrine cells of the large and small intestines that play a variety of roles in...
• gluconeogenesisBiosynthesis of glucose from nonhexose or non-carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate, pyruvate, alanine...
• glucoregulationBiochemical processes responsible for the maintenance of glucose level in living organisms.
• glucose clamp techniqueMaintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used...
• glucose tolerance testsA test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain homeostasis of blood glucose. It includes...
• glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyA disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of...
• glucosylceramidaseA glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this...
• glucosylceramidesCerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a glucose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the...
• glulamA manufactured structural timber product composed of layers of dimensional lumber glued together.
• glutamate receptorsCell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells...
• glutinous riceRice with 0-2% amylose or mainly amylopectin in the endosperm and pollen starch.
• glycemic controlThe control of sugar (glucose) levels in patient's blood.
• glycemic indexA scale of the effects of foods on blood glucose concentrations shortly after ingestion.
• glycemic loadA quantitative value of a measured amount of a specific food that is equal to the glycemic index of that food...
• glyceroneogenesisBiosynthesis of glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose or glycerol. Glycerol...
• glycerophosphatesAny salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.
• glycerophospholipidsDerivatives of phosphatidic acid in which the hydrophobic regions are composed of two fatty acids and a polar...
• glycine (amino acid)A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a...
• glycine receptorsCell surface receptors that bind glycine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence...
• glycoconjugatesChemical compounds in which carbohydrate units covalently linked with other chemical constituent.
• glycogen (starch) synthaseAn enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of D-glucose from UDPglucose into 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl chains.
• glycogen synthase kinasesA class of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally found as one of the three types of kinases...
• glycogenesisThe biosynthesis of glycogen from glucose molecules.
• glycogenolysisThe release of glucose from glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase (phosphorolysis). The released...
• glycolsA generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms...
• glycolysisA metabolic process that converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid through a series of enzymatic...
• glycomicsThe systematic study of the structure and function of the complete set of glycans (the glycome) produced in a...
• glyconeogenesisThe biosythesis of glycogen from nonhexose or non-carbohydrate precursors.
• glycopeptidesProteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety...
• glycoproteomicsA branch of proteomics that studies, identifies, and characterizes all the glycoproteins encoded by a...
• glycopyrrolateA muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to...
• glycosylationThe chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially...
• glycyrrhetinic acidAn oleanolic acid from Glycyrrhiza that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is...
• glyoxysomesMicrobodies which occur in plant cells, and in some eukaryotic microorganisms, and which contain enzymes of...
• gneissA metamorphic rock derived from either igneous or sedimentary formations.
• goat diseasesDiseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.
• goblet cellsA glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete mucus. They are scattered in the...
• goiterEnlargement of the thyroid gland.
• goitrogensGoitrogens are substances which interfere with function of the thyroid gland.
• gonadectomyThe surgical removal of the gonads (ovaries, testes, or ovotestes).
• gonadosomatic indexThe calculation of gonad weight as a percentage of total body weight; used to measure sexual maturity in...
• gonadotropin-releasing hormoneA decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing...
• gonadsOrgans which produce gametes.
• good agricultural practicesGuidelines and methods for farmers, growers, food producers, and those involved in agriculture to manage the...
• good aquaculture practicesGuidelines, methods or activities designed to promote sustainable aquaculture through the prevention or...
• good hygiene practicesGuidelines, methods or activities designed to promote and maintain health through the use of sanitary...
• goslingsBaby geese.
• gossyplureThe sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, as well as the synthetic sex...
• governanceThe process by which a group of individuals is given authority to direct, inform, monitor and manage...
• government deregulationThe removal, reduction or relaxation of government regulations and restrictions on a previously regulated...
• G-protein coupled receptorsThe largest family of cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction. They share a common structure...
• Graafian folliclesIn mammals, the mature ovarian follicle that secretes estrogen and is the final stage of follicular...
• graft compatibilityThe ability of the graft union to survive after the scion and the stock are grafted together.
• graft rejectionAn immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant...
• graft versus host reactionsAn immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when...
• grain and figureThe figure of a wood refers to the pattern caused by color differences in the wood, and is also the pattern...
• grain cropsCrops, mostly grass crops, that are grown for their edible seeds, such as corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat...
• grain foodsFoods that are based completely or primarily on food grains.
• grain storage facilitiesBuildings or manmade structures that are used for the temporary storage of grains before further processing...
• grainsThe edible whole grains from plants, mostly in the grass family (Poaceae). Grain markets include soybeans as...
• gramicidinA group of peptide antibiotics from Bacillus brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid...
• graminoidsGrasses and other grass-like plants such as sedges and rushes are collectively known as graminoids.
• grandlureA mixture of components of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, aggregation pheromone.
• graniteA common type of igneous rock, which is granular in texture and consists mainly of mica, quartz and feldspar.
• granivoresAn animal that mainly feeds on the seeds and grains of plants.
• granodioriteIt is a plutonic rock similar to granite, but contains more plagioclase than potassium feldspar.
• granulation tissueA vascular connective tissue formed on the surface of a healing wound, ulcer, or inflamed tissue. It consists...
• granulomaA relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by...
• grape mustA mixture of grape juice, grape pulp, and grape skin that is fermented into wine.
• grapheneAn allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is...
• grapiprantA potent and selective prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist with antihyperalgesic properties; cyclooxygenase...
• GRAS substancesA GRAS substance is a substance considered safe by experts and thus does not require a pre-market review.
• grass sprigsA portion of a stem and root of grass, used for transplanting and the establishment of turf and lawns.
• grass-fed livestockMeat animals raised primarily on ranges rather than in a feedlot.
• grasshoppersHerbivorous insects of the order, Orthoptera. Species of economic importance as plant pests typically belong...
• grasslandsLarge land areas covered with grass typically used for grazing.
• gravimetryThe measurement of gravity or gravitational acceleration, especially in geophysics and geodesy.
• gravitropismA directional growth of a plant or other organism in response to the stimulus of gravity.
• gravity sensingProcess whereby a cell, bodily structure, or organism (animal or plant) receives or detects a gravity...
• gravity wavesWaves in an interface betwen fluids of different density in which the restoring force is garvity.
• grazingFeeding on standing vegetation, as by livestock or wild animals.
• grazing intensityA level of herbage utilization by grazing animals on a rangeland or a specific area during a particular time...
• grazing lands(1) Collective term used by NRCS for rangeland, pastureland, grazed forest land, native and naturalized...
• Great Basin StatesThe elevated region between the Wasatch and Sierra Nevada Mountains.
• Great Lakes regionRegion in North America, surrounding the five Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario).
• Great Plains regionRegion in North America, extending from the Laurentian Highlands in Canada to Texas.
• Great Smoky Mountain regionAn area of the Appalachian Mountain region that extends along the border of North Carolina and Tennessee.
• green beansThe immature, green, succulent pods of Phaseolus vulgaris.
• green belt (land management)Areas around villages, towns or cities in which development is strictly controlled and usually not permitted...
• green boxDomestic or trade policies that are deemed to be minimally trade distorting and are exempt from amber box...
• green chemistryPollution prevention through the design of effective chemical products that have low or no toxicity and use...
• green infrastructureAn interconnected framework of natural and/or engineered areas, structures, facilities, features or services...
• green lightThe wavelengths from 492 nanometer to 570 nanometer of the visible light spectrum (approximately 400-700 nm)...
• green manuresCrops grown to be incorporated into the soil to increase soil quality, fertility and structure.
• green roofsA specialized roof structure for a building that is partially or completely covered in vegetation. Green...
• green wasteThe vegetative portion of the waste stream arising from various sources including waste from domestic and...
• greenhouse effectTrapping and build-up of heat in the atmosphere (troposphere) near the Earth's surface. Some of the heat...
• greenhouse gas emissionsThe discharge of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and various halogenated...
• greenhouse gasesThose gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, tropospheric ozone, nitrous oxide, and methane, that are...
• greenhouse productionproduction of crops in a greenhouse structure.
• greywaterWastewater from clothes, washing machines, showers, bathtubs, hand washing, lavatories and sinks.
• grocery storesStores that carry primarily food items with relatively small selections of non-food products such as cleaning...
• gross domestic productThe value of the total final output of goods and services produced inside a country during a given year. It...
• gross national productThe value of all final goods and services produced during a year by the factors in a country. It is the sum...
• ground cover plantsPlants that are low-growing, form a dense mat of foliage, and spread easily by stolons, runners or rhizomes.
• ground-penetrating radarUsed in subsurface detection, a remote sensing device that transmits a radar pulse into the soil, and records...
• grounds maintenanceTending and care of established landscapes.
• groundwaterWater within the earth that supplies wells and springs. Specifically, water in the zone of saturation where...
• groundwater extractionThe removal of groundwater usually for use as irrigation water, or following treatment, for drinking water.
• groundwater rechargeThe addition of water to an aquifer that occurs naturally from infiltration of rainfall and from water...
• grovesA small group of trees without underbrush, either planted or growing naturally.
• growing seasonDetermined by climate, geographical location, and crop selection, the period of the year in which crops grow...
• growth plateThe area between the epiphysis and the shaft of long bones (diaphysis) within which bone growth occurs.
• growth ringsThe layer of wood growth put on a tree during a single growing season. In the temperate zone, the annual...
• GTPase-activating proteinsProteins that activate the GTPase of specific GTP-binding proteins.
• guaiacResin from wood of certain species of Guaiacum. It is used as clinical reagent for occult blood.
• guaifenesinAn expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
• Guillain-Barre SyndromeAn acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed...
• Gulf of Mexico regionRegion in the Southern United States surrounding the Gulf of Mexico, (including the states of Alabama...
• gully erosionThe erosion process whereby water accumulates in narrow ephemeral stream channels and, over short periods...
• gum feedingA natural behavior of some primate species such as marmosets who consume gum, a substance secreted from...
• gummosisThe exudation of gum, latex or sap from some fruit trees and sugar cane, which may be caused by insects...
• gumnivoresAn omnivorous animal whose diet consists mainly of the gums and saps of trees.
• guttationThe process in which water being exudated from plant leaves.
• gynandromorphsAn organism, especially an insect, displaying both male and female characteristics. Gynandromorphs are also...
• gynoeciumA collective term for the female reproductive structures of a flower.
• gynogenesisThe development of an embryo from a fertilized egg that only involves the maternal chromosomes from the...

302 of 6,908 terms in Agriculture and food terminology (MLC-0114). Request the full dataset.