Agriculture and food terminology · MLC-0114

Agriculture and food terms: S (632)

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• Structure-activity relationshipsThe relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity.
• Stubble tillageA tillage system which retains a high percentage of crop residue on the soil surface, thereby reducing wind...
• Stuck fermentationStuck fermentation is an incomplete fermentation that has stopped before all the available sugar in the...
• Students with disabilitiesStudents who have a disability or impairment of any type that interferes with their daily usual activities...
• StumpageValue of timber as it stands uncut, that is, uncut marketable timber.
• Styles (flowers)The stalk of a pistil which connects the stigma with the ovary.
• Subalpine forestsA transition zone from dense forest below treeline to alpine tundra above treeline.
• Subcellular fractionsComponents of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate...
• Subchronic exposureContact made between a chemical, physical or biological agent and an organism for an intermediate period of...
• SubductionProcess of one crustal plate sliding down and below another crustal plate as the two converge. The subduction...
• Subhumid zonesRegions where the climate is intermediate between semiarid and humid, and the precipitation supports dense...
• SublimationThe process of solids transforming into a gaseous state or vice versa, without passing through a liquid state.
• Sublingual administrationAdministration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
• Sublingual vein punctureAn alternative method to retroorbital bleeding where blood is collected from the sublingual vein which is a...
• Submerged aquatic plantsAquatic plants with leaves at or below the water surface.
• SubmergenceA rise of the water level relative to the land, so that areas that were formerly dry land become inundated...
• SubsidenceLowering of the natural land surface in response to: Earth movements; lowering of fluid pressure; removal of...
• SubsidiesPayment or benefit given to partially offset the cost of specific activities, such as the manufacture...
• Subsistence farmingA farming system where the food and goods produced are predominantly consumed by the farm family and there is...
• Substance abuseThe use of illegal substances or the inappropriate use of legal substances, including the repeated use of...
• Substance administrationIntroducing a drug, chemical, or pathogen to an animal in a laboratory experiment through oral, intravenous...
• Substance PAn eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is...
• Substitution linesChromosome of a donor genotype is substituted into a recipient genotype.
• Subunit vaccinesVaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from...
• SudanA country in Northeastern Africa, formerly known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. It's capital is Khartoum.
• SuetThe hard white fat from around the kidneys and loins of animals that is used in cooking and for making tallow.
• Sugar alcoholsPolyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by...
• Sugar sweetened beveragesLiquids that are sweetened with various forms of added sugars. These beverages include, but are not limited...
• Sugarcane trashThe dried leaves that are left over in the field after the sugarcane is harvested. Farmers usually burn the...
• SuicideIntentionally killing oneself.
• Suicide genesGenes that are used transgenically, i.e., via gene transfer techniques to induce cell death.
• SulbactamA beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic destruction...
• SulfacetamideAn anti-infective agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract...
• SulfamethizoleA sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.
• SulfasalazineA drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to...
• Sulfenic acidsOxy acids of sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. They are...
• Sulfinic acidsAny of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH).
• SulfisoxazoleA short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram-negative and...
• Sulfonic acidsInorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.
• SulfoxaflorSulfoxaflor is a systemic insecticide within the sulfoxamine class of insecticides that is used for the...
• SulfoxidesOrganic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans...
• Sulfur acidsInorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.
• Sulfur compoundsInorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.
• Sulfuric acidInorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known...
• SumoylationA type of post-translation protein modification by small ubiquitin-related modifier proteins (also known as...
• SunscreensChemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking...
• SuperantigensMicrobial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a specific...
• Supercoiled DNACircular duplex DNA isolated from viruses, bacteria and mitochondria in supercoiled or supertwisted form...
• SuperconductivityThe ability of an element or metallic alloy to allow the passage of electrons without electrical resistance...
• SuperfecundationPregnancy that results from atleast two ovulations and fertilizations in the same menstrual cycle in an...
• SuperfetationPregnancy that results from atleast two ovulations and fertilizations in the different menstrual cycle in an...
• SuperinfectionWhen an organism infected with a microbe becomes infected with a second, different strain of same microbe...
• Superior ovaryA superior ovary is one that is situated entirely above the point of attachment of the other floral parts in...
• Superior vena cavaThe venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.
• SupermarketsLarge stores that routinely stock non-food related items such as toys, clothes, extensive selections of...
• SuperovulationOccurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given...
• Superoxide anionReduced dioxygen molecule in which the two oxygen molecules are bound by a single covalent bond and carry one...
• SuperparasitismParasitism of a host by more parasites of the same species than can survive to maturity. It can be caused by...
• SupplyThe amount of a good or service that will be offered for sale over a given range of prices at a particular...
• Supply chainThe network of firms that bring products to market, from companies that produce raw materials to retailers...
• Supply chain disruptionsSupply chain disruptions are unplanned and unexpected events that slow or stop the normal flow of goods or...
• Supply elasticitiesThe degree to which a price of a good changes as a result of a unit change in supply (= % change in quantity...
• Support vector machinesLearning algorithms which are a set of related supervised computer learning methods that analyze data and...
• Suppression subtractive hybridizationA nucleic acid hybridization technique for investigating genetic variation by examining differential gene...
• Suppressor genesGenes that have a suppressor allele or suppressor mutation which cancels the effect of a previous mutation...
• Surface antigensAntigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually...
• Surface miningSurface mining is a very broad term and refers to any process of removing the earth, rock, and other strata...
• Surface storageThe sum of detention storage and channel storage, representing, at any given moment, the total water enroute...
• Surface tensionThe stretching force required to form a liquid film; the force tends to minimize the area of the surface.
• Surface waterAll water naturally open to the atmosphere, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, estuaries, impoundments...
• Surface water levelThe level of the surface of a body of water.
• Surgical ablationRemoval of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot...
• Surgical anastomosisSurgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or...
• Surgical transplantationTransference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same...
• Surgical wound dehiscencePathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.
• SurimiA processed seafood product that is typically made from Alaskan pollack that is flavored, precooked, and...
• Suspended sedimentSediment which remains suspended in the water for a considerable period of time without coming in contact...
• Suspension systemsA vehicle system composed of springs, shock absorbers, torsion bars, stabilizers, etc. that serves to cushion...
• Sustainability science and engineeringA science rooted in the concept of sustainable development, defined as development "that meets the needs of...
• Sustainable agricultureAn integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will...
• Sustainable communitiesA community that is environmentally, economically, and socially healthy and resilient through management of...
• Sustainable developmentEconomic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future...
• Sustainable engineeringThe design, commercialization and use of processes and products that are feasible and economical while...
• Sustainable land managementA process for the management of land resources that meets present needs without compromising future ecosystem...
• Sustainable manufacturingSustainable manufacturing is the creation of manufactured products, through economically-sound processes that...
• Sustainable technologyTechnologies focusing on sustainability principles: resource conservation, reuse and recycling, energy...
• Sustained yield managementManagement of resources to achieve the goal of obtaining a perpetual and steady supply of product.
• SwampsWetlands dominated by woody vegetation but without appreciable peat deposits. Swamps may be fresh or salt...
• SwardA mixture of grass, legumes and other species which are close-growing and form a dense stand that covers the...
• SwarmingThe act of grouping or moving in large numbers.
• SwaybackCongenital locomotor ataxia of lambs, goats and other ruminants, thought to be associated with copper...
• SweetbreadsThe thymus glands of veal, young beef, lamb and pork used as food.
• SweetcornFresh kernels of a variety of corn (Zea mays) with a high sugar content and a low starch content, eaten as a...
• Sweetened condensed milkMade by the partial removal of water from fluid milk, with a suitable sweetener added in amounts sufficient...
• SweetenersSubstances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie...
• Swelling (materials)An increase in the volume of a gel or solid associated with the uptake of a liquid or gas.
• Swine diseasesDiseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
• Swine erysipelasAn acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa (syn. Erysipelothrix...
• Swine vesicular diseaseAn enterovirus infection of swine clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular...
• SyconiaA fleshy fruit with multiple seeds in a hollow compartment, as in the genus Ficus.
• SymbiontsAn organism that is associated with an organism of another species and participating in a beneficial...
• Sympathetic nervous systemThe thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in...
• SympathomimeticsDrugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are...
• Sympatric speciationA mechanism for the evolution of new species whereby two populations of a species exhibiting the same or...
• SympatrySpecies or populations occupying the same or overlapping geographical areas, or sharing a common range...
• SymplastThe intracellular compartment of a plant consisting of the interconnected cytoplasm of separate cells which...
• SymportersMembrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a...
• SynanthropesNon-domesticated species (crows, rodents, flies etc.,) that are closely associated with humans and benefit...
• SynapomorphyA derived morphological trait or character that is shared by its evolutionary descendants.
• SynapseSpecialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's...
• Synaptic transmissionThe communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
• Synaptic vesiclesMembrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at...
• SynaptogenesisThe formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system.
• Synaptonemal complexThe three-part structure of ribbon-like proteinaceous material that serves to align and join the paired...
• SynaptosomesPinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic...
• SyncarpA fleshy, multiple fruit with fused carpels.
• SyndecansA family of transmembrane glycoproteins that contain a short cytoplasmic domain, a single-span transmembrane...
• SynergismThe combined action of two or more agents that is greater than the sum of the actions of each of the agents...
• Synthesis gasA mixture of gases produced as feedstock for the synthesis of chemical compounds, for example, hydrogen and...
• Synthetic biologyA field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of...
• Synthetic genesBiologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesized in vitro.
• Synthetic hormonesSynthetic chemical compounds which mimic the activity of endogenous hormones produced in the body, but which...
• Synthetic rubberA manmade elastomer manufactured by polymerization of petroleum-derived products or other hydrocarbons, as...
• Synthetic vaccinesSmall synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines...
• SyringomyeliaLongitudinal cavities in the spinal cord, most often in the cervical region, which may extend for multiple...
• System optimizationThe procedure used in the design of a system to maximize or minimize some performance index. May entail the...
• Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichmentA method of generating a large library of randomized nucleotides and selecting nucleotide aptamers by...
• Systematic reviewA form of structured literature review that addresses a question that is formulated to be answered by...
• Systemic acquired resistanceSystemic acquired resistance is a plant resistance mechanism induced by microorganisms or abiotic inducers...
• Systems analysisThe formal study of complex systems carried out to support decision making. Systems analysis examines the...
• Systems biologyComprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of...
• Systems engineeringThe process of applying science and technology to the study and planning of a system so that the...

632 of 6,798 terms in Agriculture and food terminology (MLC-0114). Request the full dataset.