Oncology and biomedicine terminology · MLC-0111

Oncology and biomedicine terms: D (690)

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• do not resuscitate orderA legal document in which a person or their proxy (such as a spouse, relative, friend, or lawyer) states that...
• dobutamineA synthetic catecholamine with sympathomimetic activity. Dobutamine is a direct-acting inotropic agent and an...
• docetaxelA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of breast cancer, stomach cancer...
• docetaxel depot formulation NZ-DTXA depot formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a semisynthetic analogue of paclitaxel, with...
• docetaxel emulsion ANX-514An injectable emulsion formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a semisynthetic analogue of paclitaxel...
• docetaxel formulation BH009An injectable polysorbate 80-free formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a semisynthetic analogue of...
• docetaxel formulation CKD-810An injectable formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a semisynthetic analogue of paclitaxel, with...
• docetaxel lipid microspheresA lipid microsphere (LM)-based formulation containing the poorly water soluble taxane docetaxel, a...
• docetaxel nanoparticle CPC634A polymeric nanoparticle (PNP) formulation containing the poorly water-soluble taxane docetaxel, a...
• docetaxel polymeric micellesA nanoparticle-based formulation consisting of polymeric micelles (PMs), made with...
• docetaxel-cisplatin-fluorouracilA chemotherapy combination used to treat certain types of head and neck cancer and stomach cancer. It...
• docetaxel-loaded nanopharmaceutical CRLX301A nanoparticle-based formulation containing the poorly water-soluble, second-generation taxane analog...
• docetaxel-PNPA polymeric nanoparticle (PNP) formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a semi-synthetic analogue of...
• docetaxel/ritonavirAn orally bioavailable combination agent containing docetaxel, a second generation taxane, and ritonavir, a...
• dociparstat sodiumA heparin derivative in which the 2-O and 3-O sulfate groups of heparin are removed and that lacks...
• dockA plant that has been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems. It may have anticancer...
• doconexentA polyunsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and 6 double bonds, originating from...
• docosahexaenoic acidA polyunsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and 6 double bonds. Four separate...
• dodecyl maltosideAn alkyl disaccharide compound and polar surfactant, with potential adenoviral transduction-enhancing...
• dodekinA human antibody-cytokine fusion protein composed of the recombinant form of the endogenous immunostimulatory...
• dofequidar fumarateA synthetic quinoline derivative with multidrug resistance (MDR) modulating properties. Dofequidar fumarate...
• DOIA procedure that uses light waves to create 2-dimensional (2-D) or 3-dimensional (3-D) pictures of tissues...
• dolasetron mesylateA drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Dolasetron mesylate blocks the action of...
• dolastatin 10A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It binds to a protein that cells need to divide and it...
• dolcanatideAn orally administered analog of the human endogenous natriuretic hormone uroguanylin and guanylate cyclase C...
• dolutegravirAn orally bioavailable integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), with activity against human...
• domainA specific physical region or amino acid sequence in a protein that is associated with a particular function...
• domatinostatAn orally bioavailable benzamide and inhibitor of human class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) isoenzymes 1, 2...
• domperidoneA peripheral-specific antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R), with antiemetic, gastrokinetic and...
• domvanalimabA humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody targeting the co-inhibitory molecule and immune...
• donafenibAn orally available multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf kinase and various receptor tyrosine kinases...
• donepezilA drug that is used to treat Alzheimer disease and is being studied in the treatment of side effects caused...
• donepezil hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt of a piperidine derivative with neurocognitive-enhancing activity. Donepezil...
• donepezil hydrochloride/memantine hydrochloride extended releaseA fixed combination of the hydrochloride salt form of donepezil and an extended-release (ER) formulation of...
• dong quaiAn herb native to China. A substance taken from the roots has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to...
• donorIn medicine, a person who gives blood, cells, tissue, or an organ for use in another person, such as in a...
• donor derived HIV-Specific T cells with non-escaped epitope targetsA preparation of ex vivo expanded donor-derived (DD) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T cells...
• donor lymphocyte infusionA type of therapy in which lymphocytes from the blood of a donor are given to a patient who has already...
• donor lymphocytesA population of lymphocytes from the blood of a donor and administered to a patient who has already received...
• donor regulatory T lymphocytesDonor-derived regulatory T-cells (Tregs), with potential immunomodulating activity. Tregs are a subset of...
• donor TCR alpha/beta/CD19-depleted mononuclear cell-enriched activated natural killer cellsA preparation of donor-derived, haploidentical, cytokine-activated natural killer (NK) cells enriched with...
• donor-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells plus CD3+ T cells MDR-101A preparation of allogeneic, organ donor-derived CD34-positive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs)...
• donor-derived cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cellsA population of donor-derived cytokine-induced, memory-like, cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells (CIML NKs)...
• donor-derived haploidentical IL-21-expanded natural killer cellsA population of ex-vivo human interleukin-21 (IL-21) expanded donor-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA)...
• donor-derived WT1/PRAME/NY-ESO-1/survivin-specific T-lymphocytesAllogeneic T-lymphocytes specifically reactive to the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) human Wilms tumor...
• doravirineA pyridinone non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1...
• dordaviproneA water soluble, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (protein kinase B)...
• dornase alfaA recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNAse) with selective DNA cleaving activity. Upon intrapleural...
• dornase alfa inhalation solutionA drug given in an aerosol mist to decrease the thickness of mucus in the lungs of patients with cystic...
• doseThe amount of medicine taken, or radiation given, at one time.
• dose-adjusted EPOCH-RAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It...
• dose-adjusted EPOCH-R regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It...
• dose-dense chemotherapyA chemotherapy treatment plan in which drugs are given with less time between treatments than in a standard...
• dose-dependentRefers to the effects of treatment with a drug. If the effects change when the dose of the drug is changed...
• dose-escalation studyA study that determines the best dose of a new drug or treatment. In a dose-escalation study, the dose of the...
• dose-limitingDescribes side effects of a drug or other treatment that are serious enough to prevent an increase in dose or...
• dose-rateThe strength of a treatment given over a period of time.
• dosimetristA person who determines the proper radiation dose for treatment.
• dosimetryMeasurement of radiation exposure from x-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment...
• dostarlimabA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat adults with certain types of endometrial cancer or other solid...
• dostarlimab-gxlyA humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor...
• DOTA procedure that uses light waves to create 3-dimensional (3-D) pictures of tissues inside the body. The...
• double autologous transplantA type of transplant in which a patient receives two courses of high-dose chemotherapy, each course followed...
• double balloon endoscopyA procedure used to look at the inside of the small intestine. A special instrument made up of two tubes (one...
• double balloon enteroscopyA procedure used to look at the inside of the small intestine. A special instrument made up of two tubes (one...
• double heterozygosityThe presence of two different mutated alleles at two separate genetic loci.
• double recombinant vaccinia virus VV-GMCSF-LactA double recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV; VACV) genetically engineered to express the human...
• double-blind studyA type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researcher knows which treatment or...
• double-contrast barium enemaA procedure in which x-rays of the colon and rectum are taken after a liquid containing barium is put into...
• double-hit lymphomaA rare, aggressive (fast-growing) type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma caused by changes in the DNA that...
• doubling timeIn biology, the amount of time it takes for one cell to divide or for a group of cells (such as a tumor) to...
• doucheA procedure in which the vagina is washed with water or a cleansing solution. Most cleansing solutions...
• dovitinib lactateThe orally bioavailable lactate salt of a benzimidazole-quinolinone compound with potential antineoplastic...
• Down syndromeA genetic condition caused by having an extra chromosome 21 in some or all of the body’s cells. Down syndrome...
• downstagingIn cancer, changing the stage used to describe the extent of cancer in the body from a higher stage...
• doxazosin mesylateA drug used to treat high blood pressure and urinary problems caused by an enlarged prostate. It relaxes...
• doxepin hydrochlorideA dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant with antipruritic and sedative activities. Doxepin...
• doxercalciferolA substance being studied in the prevention of recurrent prostate cancer. It is a type of vitamin D analog.
• doxifluridineA fluoropyrimidine derivative and oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with...
• DoxilA form of the anticancer drug doxorubicin that is contained inside very tiny, fat-like particles and is used...
• doxorubicin hydrochlorideA drug that comes from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius and is used alone or with other drugs to treat...
• doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomeA form of the anticancer drug doxorubicin that is contained inside very tiny, fat-like particles and is used...
• doxorubicin prodrug L-377,202A prodrug in which a peptide is covalently conjugated with the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic...
• doxorubicin prodrug/prodrug-activating biomaterial SQ3370A formulation consisting of SQL70, a prodrug-activating biomaterial, and SQP33, a prodrug of the...
• doxorubicin-eluting beadsA drug-device combination product consisting of small polymeric beads impregnated with the anthracycline...
• doxorubicin-HPMA conjugateA copolymer conjugate of the antineoplastic anthracycline doxorubicin and the water-soluble polymer...
• doxorubicin-loaded EGFR-targeting nanocellsA nanocell formulation targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using bispecific antibodies...
• doxorubicin-magnetic targeted carrier complexA formulation of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin in which doxorubicin is bound to microscopic beads...
• doxycycline calciumThe calcium salt form of doxycycline exhibiting antimicrobial activity. Doxycycline blocks binding of...
• doxycycline hyclateA drug used to treat many types of bacterial infections. It stops the growth of bacteria by keeping them from...
• doxycycline hyclate injectionThe hyclate salt form of doxycycline, a synthetic, broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic exhibiting...
• doxycycline hyclate matrix formulationAn extended release (ER) formulation composed of the hyclate salt form of doxycycline, a synthetic...
• DPAA legal document that gives one person (such as a spouse, relative, friend, or lawyer) the authority to make...
• DPACE regimenA regimen consisting of dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide that may be...
• DPPEBelongs to a group of antihormone drugs.
• DPT/BCG/measles/Serratia/pneumococcus vaccineA proprietary lipid emulsion containing five vaccines: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT), Bacille...
• DPT/typhoid/Staphylococcus aureus/paratyphoid A/paratyphoid B vaccineA proprietary lipid emulsion containing five vaccines: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT), typhoid...
• DR4A protein on the surface of certain cells that binds another protein called TRAIL, which may kill some cancer...
• DR5A protein on the surface of certain cells that binds another protein called TRAIL, which may kill some cancer...
• DR5 HexaBody agonist GEN1029An agonistic hexamer formation-enhanced mixture of two antibodies (HexaBody) that target two separate...
• DR5-targeting tetrameric nanobody agonist TAS266An agonistic tetravalent nanobody, in which the four single, high affinity heavy chain variable domain (VHH)...
• drainIn medicine, to remove fluid as it collects; or, a tube or wick-like device used to remove fluid from a body...
• DRD2 antagonist/ClpP agonist ONC206An orally bioavailable, selective bitopic dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist and mitochondrial...
• DREAn examination in which a doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for...
• drenching night sweatsEpisodes of excessive sweating that occur during sleep and soak a person’s bedclothes and bed sheets, which...
• dresbuxelimabA humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the ectoenzyme 5'-ecto-nucleotidase (cluster of differentiation 73...
• DRIA set of guidelines developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists to give information about the role of nutrients...
• dried Synsepalum dulcificum supplementA dietary supplement composed of dried Synsepalum dulcificum, or dried miracle berry, with potential taste...
• driver mutationA term used to describe changes in the DNA sequence of genes that cause cells to become cancer cells and grow...
• dronabinolA synthetic pill form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active ingredient in marijuana that is used...
• dronedarone hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt form of dronedarone, an orally bioavailable benzofuran derivative, with...
• droperidolA drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients who receive anesthesia before surgery. It is also used...
• dropoutsIn a clinical trial, the withdrawal of participation prior to the occurrence of the primary endpoint...
• DroxiaA drug that contains the active ingredient hydroxyurea and is used to treat certain patients with sickle cell...
• drugAny substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or...
• drug abuseThe use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those...
• Drug Accountability RecordA log of study drugs kept by an investigator running a clinical trial. It lists many things about each drug...
• drug interactionA change in the way a drug acts in the body when taken with certain other drugs, herbals, or foods, or when...
• drug productA dosage form that contains one or more active and/or inactive ingredients. Drug products come in many dosage...
• drug resistanceWhen cancer cells or microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, don’t respond to a drug that is usually...
• drug substanceThe main ingredient in a medicine that causes the desired effect of the medicine. Some medicines contain more...
• drug therapyTreatment with any substance, other than food, that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms...
• drug toleranceA condition that occurs when the body gets used to a medicine so that either more medicine is needed or...
• drug-drug conjugate NUV-1511A drug-drug conjugate (DDC) composed of an as of yet undisclosed tumor-targeting agent conjugated to an as of...
• dry orgasmSexual climax without the release of semen from the penis.
• DSMBData and Safety Monitoring Board. An impartial group that oversees a clinical trial and reviews the results...
• DT2219ARL immunotoxinA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of B-cell cancer. It contains an antibody linked to...
• DT388IL3 fusion proteinA substance being studied in the treatment of myeloid leukemia (a disease in which too many immature...
• DTA-H19 plasmidA plasmid DNA encoding the A chain of the diphtheria toxin (DT-A) driven by the transcriptional regulatory...
• DTGM fusion proteinAn anticancer drug formed by the combination of diphtheria toxin and a colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)...
• DTHAn inflammatory response that develops 24 to 72 hours after exposure to an antigen that the immune system...
• DTRMWXHS-12/everolimus/pomalidomide combination agent DTRM-555An orally bioavailable combination of DTRMWXHS-12, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, everolimus, a...
• DU 145A cell line made from human prostate cancer cells that is used in the laboratory to study the way prostate...
• dual energy x-ray absorptiometryA procedure that measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in a bone by passing x-rays with two...
• dual IRAK1/4 inhibitor R906289 monosodiumAn orally bioavailable, monosodium salt form of R906289, a prodrug of R835, a small molecule inhibitor of...
• dual variable domain immunoglobulin ABT-165A dual-specific, tetravalent immunoglobulin (Ig)G-like molecule targeting two as of yet not publicly known...
• dual-activating polyvalent STING agonist ONM-501A nanoparticle-based formulation consisting of the stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING...
• dual-affinity B7-H3/CD3-targeted protein MGD009An Fc-bearing humanized bispecific dual-affinity re-targeting (DART) protein composed of Fv regions derived...
• dual-target CAR T cells C-4-29A preparation of human T lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a dual-target CAR, with...
• dual-target CAR-T cells BGT007A preparation of human T lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen...
• dubermatinibAn orally available and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL (UFO), with potential...
• duborimycinAn anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic with therapeutic effects similar to those of doxorubicin...
• ductIn medicine, a tube or vessel of the body through which fluids pass.
• ductal carcinomaThe most common type of breast cancer. It begins in the lining of the milk ducts (thin tubes that carry milk...
• ductal carcinoma in situA condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. The abnormal cells have not...
• ductal intraepithelial neoplasiaA condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct (milk duct). Having ductal...
• ductal lavageA method used to collect cells from milk ducts in the breast. A hair-size catheter (tube) is inserted into...
• ductographyA procedure that uses x-rays to create pictures of milk ducts in the breast. A very thin catheter (tube) is...
• Dukes A colorectal cancerCancer has formed in the mucosa (innermost layer) of the colon and/or rectum wall and has spread to the...
• Dukes B colorectal cancerCancer has spread (1) through the muscle layer of the colon and/or rectal wall to the serosa (outermost...
• Dukes C colorectal cancerCancer (1) has spread through the mucosa (innermost layer) of the colon and/or rectal wall to the submucosa...
• Dukes classificationA staging system used to describe the extent of colorectal cancer. Stages range from A (early stage) to D...
• dulanerminA recombinant human soluble protein corresponding to amino acids 114-281 of the Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis...
• Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered salineA buffered (pH range 7.2-7.6) saline solution used in cell culture applications.
• duloxetine hydrochlorideA drug used to treat depression and peripheral neuropathy (pain, numbness, tingling, burning, or weakness in...
• dumping syndromeA condition that occurs when food or liquid moves too fast into the small intestine. Symptoms include cramps...
• duodenitisInflammation of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach).
• duodenumThe first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The duodenum helps to further digest food...
• dupilumabA recombinant human monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody directed against the alpha chain of the...
• dura materThe tough outer layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord and is closest to the...
• durable power of attorneyA legal document that gives one person (such as a spouse, relative, friend, or lawyer) the authority to make...
• durable power of attorney for health careA type of advance directive that gives a person (called a proxy) the authority to make medical decisions for...
• dural polyethylene glycol-based surgical sealantA surgical sealant composed of a low-swell formulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) that can be used to seal...
• durvalumabA drug that binds to the protein PD-L1 to help immune cells kill cancer cells better and is used to treat...
• dutasterideA drug used to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland. It is being studied in the treatment of male...
• dUTPase inhibitor TAS-114An orally bioavailable inhibitor of both deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) and dihydropyrimidine...
• duvelisibA drug used to treat adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma that came back or...
• duvortuxizumabAn anti-CD19/anti-CD3 bispecific, humanized antibody-like protein, with potential immunostimulatory and...
• DVTThe formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the leg or lower pelvis. Symptoms may include pain, swelling...
• DWJ1319An orally available agent that may prevent the formation of gallstones.
• DX-52-1An anticancer drug that is a type of antitumor antibiotic. It is an anthracycline.
• DX-8951fAn anticancer drug that is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called exatecan mesylate.
• DXAA procedure that measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in a bone by passing x-rays with two...
• dyclonine hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt of Dyclonine, an unclassified compound with local anesthetic effect. Dyclonine...
• dydrogesteroneA synthetic, orally active progestin that may be useful in the treatment of disorders attributed to...
• dyeAgents used to enhance the color or contrast of target materials or samples. Dyes have some affinity for...
• dysautonomiaA condition that affects the part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS...
• dyscrasiaDisease. Usually refers to diseases of the blood.
• dysesthesiaA condition in which a sense, especially touch, is distorted. Dysesthesia can cause an ordinary stimulus to...
• dysfunctionA state of not functioning normally.
• dysgerminomaA type of cancer that begins in germ cells in females. Germ cells are cells that form sperm in males or eggs...
• dysgeusiaA bad taste in the mouth. Also called parageusia.
• dyskeratosis congenitaA rare, inherited disorder that can affect many parts of the body, especially the nails, skin, and mouth. It...
• dyspepsiaUpset stomach.
• dysphagiaDifficulty swallowing.
• dysphoniaTrouble with the voice when trying to talk, including hoarseness and change in pitch or quality or voice.
• dysplasiaA term used to describe the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ. Dysplasia is not cancer, but...
• dysplastic nevusA specific type of nevus (mole) that looks different from a common mole. Dysplastic nevi are mostly flat and...
• dyspneaDifficult, painful breathing or shortness of breath.
• dystrophic epidermolysis bullosaA rare, inherited disorder in which blisters form on the skin and the moist inner lining of some organs and...

690 of 17,721 terms in Oncology and biomedicine terminology (MLC-0111). Request the full dataset.