Oncology and biomedicine terminology · MLC-0111

Oncology and biomedicine terms: O (411)

• O(6)-benzylguanineA drug that may improve the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
• O6-benzylguanineA guanine analogue with antineoplastic activity. O(6)-benzylguanine binds the DNA repair enzyme...
• Oat biscuitA biscuit containing oats.
• Oat cell cancerA fast-growing type of cancer that usually occurs in the lungs but may also occur in many other parts of the...
• Obatoclax mesylateA substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer. It is a form of obatoclax, which...
• Obecabtagene autoleucelA drug used to treat adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia that came back or did not get better during or...
• ObefazimodAn orally available, small molecule binder of the cap binding complex (CBC) 80/20, with potential antiviral...
• ObesityA common, chronic disease marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. Having obesity can lead...
• Obeticholic acidAn orally bioavailable semi-synthetic bile acid derivative and an agonist of the nuclear bile acid receptor...
• ObexelimabA humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) noncytolytic monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell-specific...
• Ob/gynA branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the...
• ObinutuzumabA drug used with other drugs to treat certain types of follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia...
• Objective improvementAn improvement that can be measured by the health care provider (for example, when a tumor shrinks or there...
• Objective responseA measurable response.
• Objective response rateThe percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have a partial response or complete response to...
• Oblimersen sodiumA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It may kill cancer cells by blocking the production of...
• ObservationIn medicine, watching a patient’s condition but not giving treatment unless symptoms appear or change.
• Observational studyA type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. No attempt is made to...
• Obsessive-compulsive disorderAn anxiety disorder in which a person has intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that occur repeatedly, and in...
• ObstetricianA doctor who specializes in caring for women during pregnancy and childbirth. Obstetricians also care for the...
• Obstetrics and gynecologyA branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the...
• ObstructionBlockage of a passageway.
• ObtundationA dulled or reduced level of alertness or consciousness.
• OCAA group of rare, inherited disorders in which the skin, hair, and eyes have little or no melanin (pigment)...
• OCA2 geneA gene that makes a protein thought to be involved in making melanin (a pigment that gives color to the skin...
• OcaratuzumabAn Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody directed against human CD20 with potential antineoplastic activity...
• Occult primary tumorCancer in which the site of the primary (original) tumor cannot be found. Most metastases from occult primary...
• Occult stage non-small cell lung cancerCancer cannot be seen by imaging or bronchoscopy. Cancer cells are found in sputum or bronchial washings (a...
• Occupational therapistA health professional trained to help people who are ill or disabled learn to manage their daily activities.
• Ocifisertib fumarateAn orally available fumarate salt form of CFI-400945, a polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor with potential...
• OciperlimabA humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody targeting the co-inhibitory molecule and immune...
• OcrelizumabA Fc-modified, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell CD20 cell surface antigen, with...
• OCTA procedure that uses infrared light waves to give three-dimensional (3-D) pictures of structures inside...
• OctreotideA drug similar to the naturally occurring growth hormone inhibitor somatostatin. Octreotide is used to treat...
• Octreotide acetateThe acetate salt of a synthetic long-acting cyclic octapeptide with pharmacologic properties mimicking those...
• Octreotide depot formulation CAM2029A long-acting depot formulation of the synthetic octapeptide and somatostatin analog octreotide, with...
• Octreotide pamoateA synthetic long-acting octapeptide analogue of endogenous somatostatin. Octreotide pamoate binds to...
• Octreotide scanA type of radionuclide scan used to find carcinoid and other types of tumors. Radioactive octreotide, a drug...
• Octreotide sustained-release formulation Debio 4126A sustained-release (SR) formulation of the synthetic octapeptide and somatostatin analog octreotide, with...
• Oculocutaneous albinismA group of rare, inherited disorders in which the skin, hair, and eyes have little or no melanin (pigment)...
• Oculodermal melanocytosisA condition marked by brown, blue, or gray patches, usually on the inside of the eye and on the skin near or...
• OdanacatibAn inhibitor of cathepsin K with potential anti-osteoporotic activity. Odanacatib selectively binds to and...
• Odds ratioA measure of the odds of an event happening in one group compared to the odds of the same event happening in...
• OdetiglucanAn injectable formulation of the polysaccharide beta-1,3/1,6 glucan derived from the cell wall of a strain...
• OdomzoA drug used to treat locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) that has come back after surgery or...
• OdorA smell.
• OdorantA substance that gives off a smell.
• OdronextamabA bispecific, human monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-CD20/CD3 monoclonal...
• OEDThe presence of abnormal cells in the tissues of the mouth. These tissues include the lips, the lining of the...
• OEPAAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat a certain...
• OEPA regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat a certain...
• OfatumumabA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also...
• OFFAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat pancreatic cancer. It includes the drugs...
• OFF regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat pancreatic cancer. It includes the drugs...
• Office for Human Research ProtectionsThe office within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that protects the rights, welfare...
• Off-labelDescribes the legal use of a prescription drug to treat a disease or condition for which the drug has not...
• Off-target effectDescribes the effects that can occur when a drug binds to targets (proteins or other molecules in the body)...
• OfloxacinAn antibiotic drug used to treat infection. It belongs to the family of drugs called quinolone antibiotics.
• Ofranergene obadenovecA non-replicating adenovirus 5 (Ad-5, El-deleted) encoding a human Fas-chimera (Fas-c) transgene under the...
• OGFA substance that relieves pain and is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. OGFs bind to...
• OgivriA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of breast cancer, stomach cancer, and...
• Oglufanide disodiumThe disodium salt of a synthetic form of a naturally-occurring dipeptide consisting of L-glutamic acid and...
• OgsiveoA drug used to treat adults with desmoid tumors (a type of soft tissue tumor) that have gotten worse and need...
• OGX-011A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It blocks the production of a protein called clusterin...
• OHRPThe office within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that protects the rights, welfare...
• OintmentA substance used on the skin to soothe or heal wounds, burns, rashes, scrapes, or other skin problems. Also...
• Ointment OQL011An ointment that can potentially be used to treat vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)...
• OjemdaA drug used to treat children aged 6 months and older with low-grade glioma (a type of brain tumor) that has...
• OjjaaraA drug used to treat intermediate-risk or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF), including primary MF...
• OlanzapineA drug used to treat certain mental disorders. It is also being studied in the treatment of nausea and...
• OlaparibA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat adults with certain types of prostate cancer, pancreatic...
• Olaptesed pegolA 45-mer L-stereoisomer RNA oligonucleotide linked to a 40 kDa polyethyleneglycol that targets the small...
• OlaratumabA fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha...
• OleandrinA lipid soluble cardiac glycoside with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, oleandrin...
• OleclumabA monoclonal antibody against the ectoenzyme CD73 (cluster of differentiation 73), also known as...
• oleogel-S10A topical gel formulation containing 10% birch tree bark (Betulae cortex) extract in 90% sunflower oil, with...
• OleptroA drug used to treat depression. It may also be used to help relieve anxiety and insomnia (trouble sleeping)...
• OlfactionThe sense of smell.
• OlfactoryHaving to do with the sense of smell.
• Olfactory bulbA rounded mass of tissue that contains several types of nerve cells that are involved in the sense of smell...
• Olfactory neuroblastomaA rare type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the upper part of the nasal cavity (space inside the...
• Olfactory systemThe parts of the body involved in sensing smell, including the nose and many parts of the brain. Smell may...
• Olfactory transductionA series of events in which cells in the nose bind to scent-bearing molecules and send electrical signals to...
• OligoastrocytomaA brain tumor that forms from both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, which are types of glial cells (cells...
• OligodendrocyteA cell that forms the myelin sheath (a layer that covers and protects nerve cells) in the brain and spinal...
• Oligodendroglial tumorA rare, slow-growing tumor that begins in oligodendrocytes (cells that cover and protect nerve cells in the...
• OligodendrogliomaA rare, slow-growing tumor that begins in oligodendrocytes (cells that cover and protect nerve cells in the...
• Oligofructose-enriched inulinA substance that is used to improve the health of the digestive system and bones and is being studied in the...
• Oligo-fucoidanA sulfated polysaccharide low-molecular-weight fucoidan, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory...
• Oligomeric procyanidin complexA preparation containing plant-derived polyphenolic bioflavonoids composed of multimers (dimers, trimers, or...
• OligometastasisA type of metastasis in which cancer cells from the original (primary) tumor travel through the body and form...
• Oligonucleotide SPC2996A synthetic antisense oligonucleotide against Bcl-2 messenger RNA with potential antitumor activity...
• OligopolyposisThe condition of having between 10 and 100 polyps (abnormal growths) on the inner walls of the colon and...
• OlinvacimabA fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), with...
• Olive oilProduced by pressing olives, olive oil has a high content of monounsaturated fats, thought beneficial for...
• Olive oil extract/curcumin-based capsuleA capsule containing an extract of olive oil, rich in polyphenols and curcumin, the polyphenol derived from...
• Olive oil/soya oil/egg lecithin-based emulsionAn injectable, isotonic, nutritional lipid emulsion composed of approximately 80% refined olive oil and 20%...
• Ollier diseaseA rare disorder that causes benign (not cancer) growths of cartilage in the bones that may become cancer...
• OlmutinibAn orally available small molecule, mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)...
• OlomorasibAn orally available inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential...
• OlorofimA systemic antifungal agent that can potentially be used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
• OltiprazA drug used in cancer prevention.
• OlutasidenibA drug used to treat adults with acute myeloid leukemia that has come back or has not gotten better with...
• OlverembatinibAn orally bioavailable inhibitor of a variety of kinases, including the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, the...
• OMA1 activator BTM-3566An orally bioavailable activator of the mitochondrial protease OMA1, with potential antineoplastic activity...
• OmacetaxineA protein translation inhibitor and cytotoxic plant alkaloid homoharringtonine isolated from the evergreen...
• Omacetaxine mepesuccinateA drug used to treat adults with certain types of chronic myelogenous leukemia that cannot be treated with...
• OmalizumabA humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the C-epsilon 3 domain of immunoglobulin E. Olizumab binds...
• OmaveloxoloneA member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds and an activator of nuclear factor...
• Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavirAn orally bioavailable combination agent containing ombitasvir, an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)...
• OmbrabulinA synthetic water-soluble analogue of combretastatin A4, derived from the South African willow bush...
• omega-3 fatty acidA type of fat obtained in the diet and involved in immunity.
• omega-3-acid ethyl estersAn ethyl ester form of omega-3 fatty acid derived from fish oil, with activity in decreasing serum...
• OmentectomySurgery to remove part or all of the omentum.
• OmentumA fold of the peritoneum (the thin tissue that lines the abdomen) that surrounds the stomach and other organs...
• OmeprazoleA drug that inhibits gastric acid secretion.
• OmidubicelA population of cryopreserved, ex vivo expanded and nicotinamide (NAM)-treated, CD34-positive hematopoietic...
• Omiganan pentahydrochlorideA pentahydrochloride salt of omiganan, a synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide with wide-spectrum activity...
• Ommaya reservoirA device surgically placed under the scalp and used to deliver anticancer drugs to the fluid surrounding the...
• ON 01910.NaA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It blocks certain proteins that are needed for cell...
• onabotulinumtoxinAA drug used to treat certain medical conditions. These include severe underarm sweating and severe muscle...
• OnapristoneAn orally bioavailable progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon...
• OnartuzumabA humanized monovalent monoclonal antibody directed against the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met)...
• OnatasertibAn orally available inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with potential antineoplastic...
• OncasparA drug used with other drugs to treat adults and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is used in...
• OncogeneA mutated (changed) form of a type of gene called a proto-oncogene, which is involved in normal cell growth...
• OncologistA doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating cancer. Some oncologists specialize in a...
• OncologyA branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It includes medical oncology...
• Oncology nurseA nurse who specializes in treating and caring for people who have cancer.
• Oncology pharmacy specialistA licensed pharmacist with special training in how to design, give, monitor, and change chemotherapy for...
• OncolysateAn extract made from cancer cells.
• OncolysisThe lysis (breakdown) of cancer cells. This can be caused by chemical or physical means (for example, strong...
• Oncolytic adenoviris GM103An oncolytic adenovirus, with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon intratumoral...
• Oncolytic adenovirus Ad5-DNX-2401An adenovirus serotype 5 strain, selectively replication competent in cells defective in the Rb/p16 tumor...
• Oncolytic adenovirus AdAPT-001A replication competent human attenuated adenoviral vector, TAV-255, modified to express a human transforming...
• Oncolytic adenovirus CAdVECA genetically modified oncolytic viral strain of human adenovirus (Ad) with potential immunostimulating and...
• Oncolytic adenovirus expressing interferon beta/CD40 ligand MEM-288A conditionally replicative, oncolytic adenovirus that has been genetically engineered to encode the...
• Oncolytic adenovirus expressing interferon YSCH-01An oncolytic adenovirus that has been genetically engineered to express interferon (IFN), with potential...
• Oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR5-infected allogeneic mesenchymal stem cellsA preparation of bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with the oncolytic...
• Oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR5-infected autologous mesenchymal stem cellsBone marrow-derived autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with the oncolytic...
• Oncolytic adenovirus ICVB-1042A genetically-engineered, replication competent, optimized E2 transcription factor (E2F)-dependent oncolytic...
• Oncolytic adenovirus ORCA-010A replication competent, oncolytic adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) that has been modified with a delta24 (d24)...
• Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 expressing anti-CTLA-4 antibody/CD40L/4-1BBL RP3A genetically modified oncolytic viral strain of the herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) virus, expressing an...
• Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1-encoding GM-CSFAn ICP34.5-, ICP47-deleted, oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV-1) isolated from the mouth of an...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 C134A neurovirulent, oncolytic second-generation, replication-competent, recombinant and genetically-engineered...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing anti-PD-1 scFv-Fc/TGFbRII decoy/IL-12 STI-1386A second-generation, genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) expressing a...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing IL-12 and IL-15/IL-15-receptor alpha VG2025An oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) genetically engineered to express the human...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 expressing IL-2 and IL-12 KB707An oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genetically engineered to express the human...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 JNJ-87704916A recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), with potential oncolytic and antineoplastic...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 NV1020A genetically engineered oncolytic virus with potential antineoplastic property. NV1020 is constructed from...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 R130A recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), with potential oncolytic and antineoplastic...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 rQNestin34.5v.2A neuroattenuated, replication-competent, recombinant and genetically-engineered herpes simplex virus type 1...
• Oncolytic HSV-1 rRp450A gene therapy agent containing an attenuated, replication-competent, genetically engineered mutant form of...
• Oncolytic HSV-1716A neuroattenuated, replication-restricted, ICP34.5 deleted (RL1 gene)-mutant herpes simplex virus (HSV) type...
• Oncolytic HSV-1-expressing IL-12 and anti-PD-1 antibody MVR-C5252A genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) expressing the human...
• Oncolytic HSV-1-expressing IL-12 and anti-PD-1 antibody T3011A genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) expressing the human...
• Oncolytic HSV-1-expressing IL-12, IL-15/IL-15-receptor alpha and PD-L1-blocking peptide VG161A genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) expressing the human...
• Oncolytic influenza A virusAn attenuated oncolytic influenza A virus, with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of influenza virus...
• Oncolytic measles virus encoding Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating proteinAn attenuated oncolytic Edmonston (Ed) strain of measles virus (MV) encoding the N-terminus of the human...
• Oncolytic measles virus encoding thyroidal sodium iodide symporterAn attenuated oncolytic Edmonston (Ed) strain of measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide...
• Oncolytic Newcastle disease virusAn oncolytic viral agent containing the oncolytic, live-attenuated strain of the paramyxovirus Newcastle...
• Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus MEDI5395An oncolytic viral agent containing the oncolytic, live-attenuated, replication-competent strain of the avian...
• Oncolytic RNA virus IVX037A receptor-targeted oncolytic RNA virus, with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon...
• Oncolytic type 2 herpes simplex virus expressing anti-PD-L1/CD3 bispecific antibody BS-006A genetically engineered, ICP34.5- and ICP47-deleted oncolytic human herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)...
• Oncolytic type 2 Herpes simplex virus expressing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor OH2A genetically engineered, ICP34.5- and ICP47-deleted oncolytic human herpes simplex type-2 virus (HSV-2)...
• Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti-CD19/CD3 bispecific antibody RGV004A genetically-engineered vaccinia virus (VV) encoding a bispecific antibody specific for the tumor-associated...
• Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti-CTLA-4 antibody and GM-CSF BT-001An oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV; VACV) genetically engineered to express 4-E03, an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)...
• Oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing leptin/IL-2 fusion protein ASP1012An oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) engineered to express a fusion protein comprised of the metabolic modulator...
• Oncolytic vaccinia virus OVV-01An oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon...
• Oncolytic Vaccinia virus PF-07263689An engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities...
• Oncolytic vaccinia virus T601A modified, replicative oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV), deleted of the genes for tyrosine kinase (TK) and...
• Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virusA recombinant form of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), with potential immunomodulating and...
• Oncolytic virotherapyTreatment using an oncolytic virus (a virus that infects and breaks down cancer cells but not normal cells )...
• Oncolytic virusA type of virus that infects and lyses (breaks down) cancer cells but not normal cells. Oncolytic viruses can...
• Oncolytic virus ASP9801An engineered oncolytic virus with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon...
• Oncolytic virus CF33-expressing hNIS/anti-PD-L1 antibodyA genetically modified oncolytic virus (OV) composed of a replication competent orthopoxviral chimera...
• Oncolytic virus M1-c6v1A mutant variant of the recombinant oncolytic alphavirus M1, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon...
• Oncolytic virus RT-01An oncolytic virus with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration of...
• Oncolytic virus therapyTreatment using an oncolytic virus (a virus that infects and breaks down cancer cells but not normal cells )...
• Oncolytic VSV-GP BI 1821736An oncolytic virus derived from the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, and...
• OnconaseA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of ribonuclease enzyme. Also called...
• OncophageA vaccine made from a patient’s tumor cells that may help the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. This...
• Oncotype DX breast cancer assayA lab test that is used to help predict whether breast cancer will come back or spread to other parts of the...
• Oncotype DX ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) assayA test that is being studied as a way to help predict whether ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will come back...
• OncovinA drug that contains the active ingredient vincristine sulfate, which is used to treat many types of cancer...
• OndansetronA carbazole derivative with antiemetic activity. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, ondansetron...
• Ondansetron hydrochlorideA drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy and nausea and...
• Onfekafusp alfaAn immunocytokine consisting of human pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) fused...
• OnilcamotideA cancer vaccine composed of an immunogenic peptide derived from the Ras homolog family member C (RhoC...
• OnivydeA form of the anticancer drug irinotecan hydrochloride that is contained inside very tiny, fat-like particles...
• OnriginA drug used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is also being studied in the treatment of several...
• Onset of actionThe length of time it takes for a medicine to start to work.
• OntruzantA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of breast cancer, stomach cancer, and...
• OnuregA drug that contains the active ingredient azacitidine and is used to treat adults with certain types of...
• OnvansertibAn orally bioavailable, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1...
• Onvansertib fumarateThe fumarate form of onvansertib, an orally bioavailable, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor...
• OnvatilimabA human monoclonal antibody against the protein V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T-cell activation...
• Onvitrelin ucalontideA water-soluble, positively charged fusion protein consisting of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone...
• OnychodystrophyAbnormal changes in the shape, color, texture, and growth of the fingernails or toenails. Onychodystrophy is...
• ONYX-015A modified cold virus that selectively grows in and destroys certain types of cancer cells and leaves normal...
• OnzigolideA chimeric dopamine (DA)-somatostatin (SST) compound, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon...
• Oocyte cryopreservationThe process of freezing one or more unfertilized eggs (eggs that have not been combined with sperm) to save...
• OophorectomySurgery to remove one or both ovaries.
• OophoropexyA procedure used to help keep a woman fertile by preventing damage to the ovaries during radiation therapy...
• OpaganibAn orally available, aryladamantane compound and selective inhibitor of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) with...
• OPCs/green tea,/spirullina/curcumin/antrodia camphorate/fermented soymilk extract capsuleA capsule containing a fermented soymilk extract and oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), green tea...
• OpdivoA drug that binds to the protein PD-1 to help immune cells kill cancer cells better and is used to treat many...
• Opdivo QvantigA combination of two drugs used alone or with other drugs to treat adults with certain types of colorectal...
• OpdualagA combination of nivolumab and relatlimab used to treat adults and children aged 12 years or older with...
• OpebacanAn injectable formulation composed of opebacan, a 21 kDa recombinant fragment of human...
• OpelconazoleA synthetic triazole antifungal agent, with activity against a variety of pathogenic fungi that can...
• Open biopsyA procedure in which a cut is made through the skin to remove abnormal tissue so it can be checked under a...
• Open colectomyAn operation to remove all or part of the colon through a long incision made in the wall of the abdomen. When...
• Open label studyA type of study in which both the health providers and the patients are aware of the drug or treatment being...
• Open radical prostatectomySurgery to remove the entire prostate and some of the tissue around it, including the seminal vesicles (a...
• Open resectionSurgery to remove part or all of an organ or a tumor and nearby lymph nodes. The incision is large enough to...
• OperableDescribes a condition that can be treated by surgery.
• OperationA procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find out whether disease is present. Also called...
• OpevesostatAn orally bioavailable, non-steroidal, selective inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome 450 side-chain cleavage...
• OphthalmicHaving to do with the eye.
• Ophthalmic artery infusionA method of delivering anticancer drugs directly to a tumor in the eye. A catheter (a thin, flexible tube) is...
• OphthalmologistA doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating eye problems, including injury and disease.
• OphthalmoscopeA lighted instrument used to examine the inside of the eye, including the retina and the optic nerve.
• OphthalmoscopyAn exam that uses a magnifying lens and a light to check the fundus of the eye (back of the inside of the...
• OpiateA substance used to treat pain or cause sleep. Opiates are made from opium or have opium in them. Opiates...
• OpioidA class of drug used to reduce moderate to severe pain. Opioids can be made from the opium poppy plant or in...
• Opioid agonist GIC-1001A sulfonate-based salt form of a trimebutine derivative, an orally available, peripherally-acting opioid...
• Opioid agonist GIC-1002An orally available, peripherally-acting opioid agonist, with potential visceral analgesic activity. Upon...
• Opioid growth factorA substance that relieves pain and is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Opioid growth...
• OpiumA highly addictive, natural substance that comes from the seed pods of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum...
• Opium tinctureAlso known as laudanum and formulated for oral administration, opium tincture is made of air-dried poppy...
• OPMDA group of conditions in which there are abnormal tissue changes in the mouth that may become cancer. These...
• OpnurasibAn inhibitor of the oncogenic KRAS substitution mutation, G12C, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon...
• Oportuzumab monatoxA fusion protein immunotoxin consisting of a humanized, single-chain monoclonal antibody fragment specific...
• OPPAAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat a certain...
• OPPA regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat a certain...
• Opportunistic infectionAn infection caused by an organism that does not normally cause disease. Opportunistic infections occur in...
• OprelvekinA drug used to increase the number of blood cells, especially platelets, in some cancer patients receiving...
• OprozomibAn orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Oprozomib inhibits the...
• OPT-80A substance being studied in the treatment of diarrhea caused by infection with Clostridium difficile (a type...
• Optic chiasmThe place in the brain where some of the optic nerve fibers coming from one eye cross optic nerve fibers from...
• Optic chiasmaThe place in the brain where some of the optic nerve fibers coming from one eye cross optic nerve fibers from...
• Optic nerveThe nerve that carries messages from the retina to the brain.
• Optic neuritisInflammation of the optic nerve (the nerve that carries messages from the back of the eye to the brain). It...
• Optic pathway gliomaA rare, slow-growing tumor that usually forms in the optic nerve, optic chiasm, or optic tract. These are...
• Optic tractThe nerves that travel from the optic chiasm (place in the brain where some of the optic nerve fibers cross)...
• Optical coherence tomographyA procedure that uses infrared light waves to give three-dimensional (3-D) pictures of structures inside...
• Optical spectroscopyIn medicine, a technique that uses low power light, fiberoptic instruments, and detectors to examine tissue...
• OptimismThe tendency to believe that there is good in everything and to have positive thoughts about most things that...
• OralBy or having to do with the mouth.
• Oral aminolevulinic acid hydrochlorideA powder for an oral solution comprised of the hydrochloride salt of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) with a...
• Oral and maxillofacial surgeonA dentist who has special training in surgery of the mouth, face, and jaw.
• Oral azacitidineAn orally bioavailable formulation of azacitidine, a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine, with...
• Oral bowel contrast agent NX9An orally-administered bowel contrast agent that may be used for the imaging of the bowel upon computed...
• Oral cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth) or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the...
• Oral cancer vaccine V3-OVAAn orally available cancer vaccine composed of autologous ovarian cancer antigens obtained from hydrolyzed...
• Oral cancer vaccine V3-PAn orally bioavailable, therapeutic cancer vaccine composed of the carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Lewis A...
• Oral cavityRefers to the mouth. It includes the lips, the lining inside the cheeks and lips, the front two thirds of the...
• Oral cavity cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth). The tissues of the oral cavity include the lips...
• Oral chemotherapyTreatment with drugs given by mouth to kill cancer cells or stop them from dividing.
• Oral contraceptive pillA pill used to prevent pregnancy. It contains hormones that block the release of eggs from the ovaries. Most...
• Oral docetaxelAn oral proprietary P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pump inhibitor-based formulation containing the taxane docetaxel, a...
• Oral dysplasiaThe presence of abnormal cells in the tissues of the mouth. These tissues include the lips, the lining of the...
• Oral epithelial dysplasiaThe presence of abnormal cells in the tissues of the mouth. These tissues include the lips, the lining of the...
• Oral fludarabine phosphateAn oral formulation of the phosphate salt of fludarabine, a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue...
• Oral Hsp90 inhibitor IPI-493An orally bioavailable formulation of the ansamycin derivative 17-amino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AG) with...
• Oral irinotecan hydrochloride formulation VAL-413An orally bioavailable flavored formulation composed of the hydrochloride salt form of irinotecan, a...
• Oral microencapsulated diindolylmethaneAn orally bioavailable microencapsulated formulation of diindolylmethane, an indole phytonutrient found in...
• Oral moisturizing jellyAn edible, gel-based formulation containing an artificial saliva substitute, composed of water, electrolytes...
• Oral myoma vaccine V3-myomaAn orally available therapeutic myoma vaccine containing pooled antigens derived from hydrolyzed, inactivated...
• Oral papillomaA benign (not cancer), wart-like growth that occurs on the lips or in the mouth, including the tongue, gums...
• Oral picoplatinAn oral preparation of picoplatin, a third generation platinum compound with antineoplastic activity...
• Oral potentially malignant disorderA group of conditions in which there are abnormal tissue changes in the mouth that may become cancer. These...
• Oral rehydration solutionAn aqueous solution composed of glucose and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium...
• Oral sodium phenylbutyrateAn orally active derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate with potential antineoplastic activity...
• Oral surgeonA dentist with special training in surgery of the mouth and jaw.
• Oral therapeutic vaccine V3-XAn orally bioavailable therapeutic vaccine consisting of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) oligosaccharide...
• Oral topotecan hydrochlorideAn oral formulation of the hydrochloride salt of topotecan, a semisynthetic derivative of the quinoline...
• OrantinibA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. Orantinib blocks proteins involved in the growth and...
• OraxolA combination formulation composed of a capsule containing the taxane compound paclitaxel and a tablet...
• OrbitThe space within the skull that contains the eye, including its nerves and muscles. The orbit also includes...
• OrchidectomySurgery to remove one or both testicles. Also called orchiectomy.
• OrchiectomySurgery to remove one or both testicles. Also called orchidectomy.
• OrdastobartAn agonistic, recombinant, humanized, hexavalent immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody targeting the co-stimulatory...
• OrdesekimabA human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the human pro-inflammatory cytokine...
• OregovomabA monoclonal antibody that is being studied in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are...
• OrelabrutinibA small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase) with...
• OrganIn medicine, a part of the body that is made up of cells and tissues that perform a specific function...
• OrganelleA small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function. Examples of...
• Organic foodFood produced without the use of man-made fertilizer, drugs that increase growth, or drugs that kill insects...
• OrganismA living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
• Organism strainA group of organisms that belong to the same species but share certain genetic characteristics not found in...
• OrganoidA 3-dimensional, mini-organ-like structure made by growing a person's tumor cells or stem cells (cells from...
• OrgasmThe final part of the sex act, which involves contraction of sexual organs and a sudden release of...
• OrgovyxA drug used to treat adults with advanced prostate cancer. Orgovyx binds to gonadotropin-releasing hormone...
• Oriental medicineA medical system that has been used for thousands of years to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. It is...
• OrludodstatAn orally available inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), with potential antineoplastic...
• OrmaplatinA platinum(IV) analogue with antineoplastic activity. Ormaplatin alkylates DNA, forming both inter- and...
• Oropharyngeal cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat, behind the mouth). The...
• OropharynxThe middle part of the throat, behind the mouth. The oropharynx includes the soft palate (the back muscular...
• Orphan drugA drug used to treat, prevent, or diagnose an orphan disease. An orphan disease is a rare disease or...
• Orphan drug designationA status given to certain drugs called orphan drugs, which show promise in the treatment, prevention, or...
• Orphenadrine citrateThe citrate salt form of orphenadrine with a muscle relaxant property. Although the mechanism of action has...
• ORRThe percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have a partial response or complete response to...
• OrserduA drug used to treat postmenopausal women and adult men with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast...
• OrtataxelA semisynthetic, second-generation taxane derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Ortataxel binds...
• OrteronelAn orally bioavailable non-steroidal androgen synthesis inhibitor of steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase (17,20...
• OrthodontistA dentist who has special training in preventing, diagnosing, and treating certain problems of the teeth and...
• Orthodox medicineA system in which medical doctors and other health care professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and...
• Orthopedic surgeonA surgeon who has special training in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal...
• OrthotopicIn medicine, refers to something that occurs in the normal or usual place in the body. It is often used to...
• OSThe length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer...
• OsanetantAn orally bioavailable, brain penetrating, non-peptide neurokinin/tachykinin 3 receptor (NK1-receptor; NK3R...
• OSE 2101A proprietary cancer DNA vaccine that contains multiple natural and modified epitopes derived from the four...
• Oseltamivir phosphateA drug used to prevent and to treat influenza virus infections. It blocks the release of the virus from...
• OsemitamabA recombinant humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the tumor-associated...
• OSI-774A drug used alone to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer and with gemcitabine hydrochloride to...
• OSI-7904LA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called...
• OSI-906A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It blocks a protein called IGF-1R, which is found at...
• OsilodrostatAn orally bioavailable inhibitor of both steroid 11beta-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 11B1) and...
• OsimertinibA third-generation, orally available, irreversible, mutant-selective, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)...
• Osimertinib mesylateA drug used alone or with other drugs to treat adults with certain types of non-small cell lung cancer that...
• OsmolalityThe concentration of particles dissolved in a fluid. The osmolality of serum can help diagnose several...
• OsmoticHaving to do with osmosis (the passage of a liquid through a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a...
• Osseous tissueTissue that gives strength and structure to bones. Bone is made up of compact tissue (the hard, outer layer)...
• Osteitis deformansA chronic condition in which both the breakdown and regrowth of bone are increased. Osteitis deformans occurs...
• OsteochondromaA benign (not cancer) tumor that has both bone and cartilage in it. This type of tumor usually occurs at the...
• Osteogenic sarcomaA cancer of the bone that usually affects the large bones of the arm or leg. It occurs most commonly in young...
• OsteolyticCausing the breakdown of bone.
• OsteomalaciaA condition in adults in which bones become soft and deformed because they don’t have enough calcium and...
• OsteomyelitisInflammation of the bone caused by an infection, which may spread to the bone marrow and tissues near the...
• OsteonecrosisA condition in which there is a loss of blood flow to bone tissue, which causes the bone to die. It is most...
• OsteopeniaA condition in which there is a lower-than-normal bone mass or bone mineral density (the amount of bone...
• OsteoporosisA condition in which there is a decrease in the amount and thickness of bone tissue. This causes the bones to...
• OsteosarcomaA cancer of the bone that usually affects the large bones of the arm or leg. It occurs most commonly in young...
• OstomyAn operation to create an opening (a stoma) from an area inside the body to the outside. Colostomy and...
• OsugacestatA small-molecule gamma secretase (GS) and pan-Notch inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon...
• OTCRefers to a medicine that can be bought without a prescription (doctor's order). Examples include analgesics...
• OtlertuzumabA recombinant single-chain polypeptide engineered to exhibit the full binding and activity of an anti-CD37...
• OtolaryngologistA doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Also...
• OunceA measure of weight (one-sixteenth pound) and volume (one-eighth cup).
• OutcomeA specific result or effect that can be measured. Examples of outcomes include decreased pain, reduced tumor...
• Out-of-pocket costIn medicine, the amount of money a patient pays for medical expenses that are not covered by a health...
• OutpatientA patient who visits a health care facility for diagnosis or treatment without spending the night. Sometimes...
• OVA BiP peptideA 19 amino-acid hybrid peptide antigen with immune adjuvant property. OVA-BiP peptide consists of 8 amino...
• ovapuldencel-TA cancer vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with autologous, lethally irradiated...
• OvaRexA monoclonal antibody that is being studied in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Monoclonal antibodies are...
• OvarianHaving to do with the ovaries, the female reproductive glands in which the ova (eggs) are formed. The ovaries...
• Ovarian ablationTreatment that stops or lowers the amount of estrogen made by the ovaries. Types of ovarian ablation include...
• Ovarian borderline malignant tumorA condition in which abnormal cells that may become cancer form in the tissue that covers the ovary (one of a...
• Ovarian borderline tumorA condition in which abnormal cells that may become cancer form in the tissue that covers the ovary (one of a...
• Ovarian cancerCancer that forms in tissues of the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or...
• Ovarian cancer peptide vaccineA cancer vaccine comprised of synthetic peptides corresponding to naturally-occurring peptides derived from...
• Ovarian cancer stem cell/hTERT/Survivin mRNAs-loaded autologous dendritic cell vaccine DC-006A cancer vaccine containing autologous dendritic cells (DCs) that are transfected with mRNAs extracted from...
• Ovarian epithelial cancerCancer that forms in the tissue covering the ovary (one of a pair of female reproductive glands in which eggs...
• Ovarian failureA condition in which the ovaries stop working and menstrual periods stop before age 40. This can cause...
• Ovarian follicleA small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg. There are thousands of follicles in...
• Ovarian germ cell tumorAn abnormal mass of tissue that forms in germ (egg) cells in the ovary (female reproductive gland in which...
• Ovarian insufficiencyA condition in which the ovaries stop working and menstrual periods stop before age 40. This can cause...
• Ovarian low malignant potential tumorA condition in which abnormal cells that may become cancer form in the tissue that covers the ovary (one of a...
• Ovarian reserveThe total number of healthy, immature eggs in the ovaries. The number of healthy eggs decreases as a woman...
• Ovarian shieldingA procedure done during radiation therapy in which a protective cover is placed on the outside of the body...
• Ovarian suppressionTreatment that stops or lowers the amount of estrogen made by the ovaries. Types of ovarian suppression...
• Ovarian tissue bankingThe process of freezing ovarian tissue to save for future infertility treatment. Part or all of an ovary is...
• Ovarian tissue cryopreservationThe process of freezing ovarian tissue to save for future infertility treatment. Part or all of an ovary is...
• Ovarian tissue freezingThe process of freezing ovarian tissue to save for future infertility treatment. Part or all of an ovary is...
• Ovarian transpositionA procedure used to help keep a woman fertile by preventing damage to the ovaries during radiation therapy...
• Ovarian tumor antigen-activated autologous dendritic cell vaccineA dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) activated with an...
• OvaryOne of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are...
• Overactive thyroidA condition that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than the body needs. Thyroid...
• Overall survivalThe length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer...
• Overall survival rateThe percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are still alive for a certain period of time after...
• OverdiagnosisFinding cases of cancer with a screening test (such as a mammogram or PSA test) that will never cause any...
• OverdoseAn amount of drug that is more than what should be taken at one time.
• OverexpressIn biology, to make too many copies of a protein or other substance. Overexpression of certain proteins or...
• Overgrowth syndromeA group of genetic disorders in which there is an abnormal increase in the size of the body or a body part...
• Over-the-counterRefers to a medicine that can be bought without a prescription (doctor's order). Examples include analgesics...
• OvertreatmentUnnecessary treatment for a condition that is not life-threatening or would never cause any symptoms...
• OverweightA common condition marked by weighing more than what is thought to be healthy for one’s height. Excess body...
• OvulationThe release of an egg from an ovary during the menstrual cycle.
• OX-40A protein being studied in the treatment of cancer. Substances that attach to OX-40 on the surface of T cells...
• OX40L-expressing oncolytic adenovirus DNX-2440A selectively replication competent oncolytic adenovirus that is engineered to express OX40 ligand (OX40L)...
• OxaliplatinA drug used with other drugs to treat stage III colon cancer that was removed by surgery and colorectal...
• Oxaliplatin eluting beadsA formulation of drug-eluting beads (DEB) consisting of polymeric microbeads impregnated with the...
• Oxaliplatin-encapsulated transferrin-conjugated N-glutaryl phosphatidylethanolamine liposomeA nanoparticle formulation containing N-glutaryl phosphatidylethanolamine (NGPE)-liposomes encapsulating...
• OxandroloneA drug used to help patients gain weight after injury, chronic infection, or severe illness. It belongs to...
• OxcarbazepineA dibenzazepine carboxamide derivative with an anticonvulsant property. As a prodrug, oxcarbazepine is...
• OxidationA chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizing...
• Oxidation-reductionA chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance. The oxidizing...
• Oxidative metabolismA chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars). Also called aerobic...
• Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor IACS-010759An orally bioavailable oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity...
• Oxidative stressA condition that may occur when there are too many unstable molecules called free radicals in the body and...
• OxideA type of chemical substance that is a combination of oxygen and another substance. Oxides are found in...
• OxidizeTo cause oxidation (a chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or...
• Oxidized avidinAn oxidized form of the glycoprotein avidin, that can be used as a linking agent for tissue-pretargeted...
• OxitriptanAn aromatic amino acid with antidepressant activity. In vivo, oxitriptan is converted into...
• OxPhos inhibitor VLX600A lipophilic cation-based triazinoindolyl-hydrazone compound and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation...
• Oxybutynin chlorideThe chloride salt form of oxybutynin, a tertiary amine and anticholinergic agent with antispasmodic activity...
• Oxycodone hydrochlorideA drug used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone hydrochloride is made in a lab by modifying...
• Oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone hydrochloride prolonged-release tabletA prolonged-release tablet formulation composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the opioid receptor agonist...
• Oxycodone/acetaminophenA combination preparation of the analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen and the semisynthetic opioid agonist...
• OxygenA colorless, odorless gas. It is needed for animal and plant life. Oxygen that is breathed in enters the...
• Oxygen carrier YQ23A bovine-derived, stabilized, non-polymeric, cross-linked, tetrameric hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, with...
• Oxygen radicalA type of unstable molecule that contains oxygen and that easily reacts with other molecules in a cell. A...
• Oxygen saturation testA test that measures the amount of oxygen being carried by red blood cells. One method uses a device that...
• Oxygen therapyTreatment in which a storage tank of oxygen or a machine called a compressor is used to give oxygen to people...
• Oxymorphone hydrochlorideA drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. Oxymorphone hydrochloride is made in a lab by modifying...
• Oxyquinoline sulfate/sodium lauryl sulfate vaginal gelA carbomer-based vaginal gel preparation containing oxyquinoline sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate, that may...
• Ozanimod hydrochlorideThe hydrochloride salt form of ozanimod, an orally bioavailable sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors 1...
• OzarelixA highly modified, fourth generation linear decapeptide with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH)...
• Ozuriftamab vedotinAn antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of ozuriftamab, a conditionally active biologic (CAB) antibody...

411 of 17,717 terms in Oncology and biomedicine terminology (MLC-0111). Request the full dataset.