Oncology and biomedicine terminology · MLC-0111

Oncology and biomedicine terms: C (1,658)

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ClofarabineA drug used to treat children and young adults aged 1 to 21 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is...
ClofazimineA phenazine dye with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The exact mechanism through which...
ClofibrateAn aryloxyisobutyric acid derivate with antihyperlipidemic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action...
ClolarA drug used to treat children and young adults aged 1 to 21 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is...
Clomiphene citrateThe citrate salt form of clomiphene, a triphenylethylene nonsteroidal ovulatory stimulant evaluated for...
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potentialThe presence of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells in an individual without a detectable...
ClonidineAn imidazoline derivate and centrally-acting alpha-adrenergic agonist, with antihypertensive activity...
Clonidine hydrochlorideA drug used to treat high blood pressure. It is also being studied in the treatment of certain types of...
Clonidine-containing mucoadhesive buccal tabletAn extended release, proprietary mucoadhesive buccal tablet formulation containing the hydrochloride salt...
ClopidogrelA thienopyridine, with antiplatelet activity. Clopidogrel targets, irreversibly binds to and alters the...
Clopidogrel bisulfateA thienopyridine with antiplatelet activity. Clopidogrel bisulfate irreversibly alters the platelet receptor...
CloretazineA drug used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is also being studied in the treatment of several...
Clostridia strain formulation VE303An orally bioavailable formulation composed of eight nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, commensal strains of...
Clostridioides difficile toxin B-binding proteins/endolysin combination LMN-201An orally bioavailable combination agent composed of a whole, dried, non-viable biomass of spirulina...
Clostridium butyricum CBM 588 probiotic strainA probiotic containing a specific strain of the anaerobic, butyric acid-forming Gram-positive bacterium...
Clostridium butyricum-containing probioticA probiotic containing the anaerobic, butyric acid-forming Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium butyricum (C...
Clostridium difficileA type of bacterium found in human and animal waste. Clostridium difficile is a common cause of diarrhea that...
Clostridium Novyi-NT sporesSpores of the bacterial strain Clostridium novyi-NT, the attenuated obligate anaerobic C. novyi, with...
ClotrimazoleA synthetic, imidazole derivate with broad-spectrum, antifungal activity. Clotrimazole inhibits biosynthesis...
Clove cigaretteA type of cigarette that is made in Indonesia. It is made using a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other...
Clove oilThe essential oil extracted from Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil has both analgesic and antiseptic properties...
CloxacillinA semisynthetic beta-lactamase resistant penicillin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cloxacillin binds...
ClozapineA synthetic dibenzo-diazepine derivative, atypical antipsychotic Clozapine blocks several neurotransmitter...
CM-AVM syndromeA rare genetic condition that causes abnormalities of blood vessels, including swelling of the capillaries...
cMet CAR-mRNA electroporated autologous T lymphocytesA preparation of autologous T-lymphocytes that have been electroporated with an mRNA encoding a chimeric...
c-Met inhibitor ABN401An orally bioavailable, highly selective inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor...
c-Met inhibitor AL2846An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor...
c-Met Inhibitor AMG 208A selective small-molecule inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met with potential antineoplastic activity...
c-Met Inhibitor AMG 337An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met with potential antineoplastic activity. c-Met...
c-Met inhibitor ANS014004An orally bioavailable, next-generation, type II inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor...
c-Met inhibitor CBT-101An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the proto-oncogene hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met; HGFR), with...
c-Met inhibitor GST-HG161An orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor...
c-Met inhibitor HS-10241An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor...
c-Met inhibitor JNJ-38877605An orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic...
c-Met inhibitor MK2461A selective small-molecule inhibitor of the proto-oncogene c-Met with potential antineoplastic activity...
c-Met inhibitor SPH3348An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the oncoprotein c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor; HGFR), with...
c-Met/FLT3/TRK/CDK8/19 inhibitor TSN084An orally bioavailable type II protein kinase inhibitor of multiple kinases, including c-Met (hepatocyte...
c-Met-targeting tri-specific natural killer cell engager ABBV-303An engineered immune modulating agent based on tri-specific natural killer (NK) cell engager therapy...
CMFAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used alone or with other therapies to treat breast cancer. It...
CMF regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used alone or with other therapies to treat breast cancer. It...
CMLAn indolent (slow-growing) cancer in which too many myeloblasts are found in the blood and bone marrow...
CMMLA slowly progressing type of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease in which too many myelomonocytes (a...
CMSA condition that may occur in patients who have had surgery to remove a tumor in certain parts of the brain...
CMVA virus that may be carried in an inactive state for life by healthy individuals. It is a cause of severe...
CMV pentamer complex proteins/gB-encoding mRNA vaccine mRNA-1647A messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine consisting of six mRNAs five of which encode the human cytomegalovirus (CMV)...
CMV pp65 mRNA lipid particle vaccineAn off-the-shelf (OTS) lipid particle (LP)-based cancer priming vaccine containing messenger RNA (RNA)...
CMV pp65 peptideA peptide derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV) internal matrix protein pp65. CMV pp65 peptide antigen is used...
CMV pp65 peptide-loaded alpha-type-1 polarized dendritic cell vaccineA dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine composed of mature polarized DCs (alpha-type-1 polarized DCs)...
CMV/EBV/ADV/BKV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytesA population of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specifically reactive to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr...
CMVpp65-A*0201 peptide vaccineA peptide-based cancer vaccine containing a mutated form of the HLA-A*0201-restricted cytomegaloviral epitope...
CMVpp65/gB plasmid vaccine ASP0113A poloxamer-formulated, bivalent DNA vaccine containing two plasmids encoding both the human cytomegaloviral...
C-myb antisense oligonucleotide G4460A 24-base phosphorothiolate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) for the proto-oncogene c-myb with potential...
c-Myb mRNA degrader REM-422An orally bioavailable, small molecule mRNA degrader of the proto-oncogene c-Myb, with potential...
c-Myb mRNA degrader RGT-61159An orally bioavailable, small molecule mRNA modulator of the proto-oncogene c-Myb, with potential...
CNDO-109-activated allogeneic natural killer cellsA preparation of non-interleukin-2 primed, tumor activated allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells with...
CNGRC peptide-TNF alpha conjugateA cytokine-peptide conjugate composed of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) chemically...
CnicinA substance found in certain plants, including blessed thistle. It has been used in some cultures to treat...
CNSThe brain and spinal cord. Also called central nervous system.
CNS depressantA type of drug that slows down brain activity, which causes the muscles to relax and calms and soothes a...
CNS metastasisCancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the central nervous system (CNS). Also called...
CNS PNETA type of cancer that arises from a particular type of cell within the brain or spinal cord. Also called...
CNS prophylaxisA type of treatment that uses intrathecal chemotherapy (chemotherapy injected directly into the fluid-filled...
CNS stimulantA type of drug that increases the levels of certain chemicals in the brain and increases alertness...
CNS tumorA tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), including brain stem glioma, craniopharyngioma, medulloblastoma...
CNTO 328A drug used to treat a rare condition called multicentric Castleman disease in patients who do not have HIV...
CNVA variation in the number of copies of a particular sequence of DNA present in the genome of an individual...
Coactivated T cellA T cell that has been coated with monoclonal antibodies to enhance its ability to kill tumor cells.
CobalaminA nutrient in the vitamin B complex that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy...
Cobalt 60A radioactive form of the metal cobalt, which is used as a source of radiation to treat cancer.
CobicistatA cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitor that can be used to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of certain...
Cobimetinib fumarateA drug used alone to treat adults with a group of blood disorders called histiocytic neoplasms and with...
Cobiprostone sprayA topical spray formulation containing the prostone cobiprostone, a type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) agonist...
CobolimabA monoclonal antibody against the inhibitory T-cell receptor, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin...
CobomarsenA locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based oligonucleotide inhibitor of microRNA (miRNA) 155 (miR-155), with potential...
cocculus/Nux vomica/tabacum/petroleum extractA homeopathic herbal formulation with potential anti-emetic activity. Cocculus/nux vomica/tabacum/petroleum...
CoccyxThe small bone at the bottom of the spine. It is made up of 3-5 fused bones. Also called tailbone.
Cockayne syndromeA rare genetic disorder that is caused by inheriting two mutations (changes) in the ERCC6 gene or in the...
Cocoa extractA dietary supplement containing cocoa extract derived from the cacao bean, with potential vasodilating...
Co-cultureA mixture of two or more different kinds of cells that are grown together.
Codeine phosphateA drug used to treat mild to moderate pain, cough, and diarrhea. It is made from opium or morphine. Codeine...
CodonA sequence of three nucleotides in a strand of DNA or RNA. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid (a...
Codonopsis pilosula supplementA traditional Chinese medicine composed of the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, with potential...
CodrituzumabA humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface oncofetal protein glypican-3 (GPC3) with...
Coenzyme Q10A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Coenzyme Q10 helps mitochondria...
Cofetuzumab pelidotinAn antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody against human inactive...
Coffea arabica extractAn orally bioavailable dietary supplement composed of an extract from the beans of green coffee (Coffea...
Coffee dietary supplementA dietary supplement containing coffee, with potential gastrointestinal (GI) tract stimulating activity...
Coffee enemaThe injection of coffee through the anus into the colon (large intestine). Coffee enemas are being tested in...
COGA large group of researchers, hospitals, and cancer centers that get support from the National Cancer...
CognitionThe mental process of thinking, learning, remembering, being aware of surroundings, and using judgment.
Cognitive behavior therapyA type of psychotherapy that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel...
Cognitive impairmentProblems with a person’s ability to think, learn, remember, use judgement, and make decisions. Signs of...
Cognitive therapyA type of psychotherapy that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel...
CohortA group of individuals who share a common trait, such as birth year. In medicine, a cohort is a group that is...
Cohort studyA research study that compares a particular outcome (such as lung cancer) in groups of individuals who are...
CoinsuranceThe amount of money not covered by a patient’s health insurance that the patient pays for each health care...
COL17A1 geneA gene that makes a type of collagen that plays an important role in strengthening and supporting the layers...
COL18A1A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. COL18A1 is made from a type of collagen (a protein...
COL-3A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. COL-3 may block the growth of new blood vessels that...
COL7A1 geneA gene that makes a type of collagen that plays an important role in strengthening and supporting the layers...
ColchicineA drug used to treat gout (inflamed joints caused by a buildup of uric acid). It comes from the crocus plant...
Cold contaminant-free Iobenguane I-131An I 131 radioiodinated synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, manufactured with a...
Cold ischemiaIn surgery, the cooling of a tissue, organ, or body part after its blood supply has been reduced or cut off...
Cold ischemia timeIn surgery, the time between the chilling of a tissue, organ, or body part after its blood supply has been...
Cold knife cone biopsyA procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix using a scalpel or...
Cold knife conizationA procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix using a scalpel or...
Cold noduleWhen radioactive material is used to examine the thyroid with a scanner, nodules that collect less...
Cold tumorDescribes a tumor that is not likely to trigger a strong immune response. Cold tumors tend to be surrounded...
ColectomyAn operation to remove all or part of the colon. When only part of the colon is removed, it is called a...
Colesevelam hydrochlorideA hydrochloride salt form of colesevelam, a non-absorbed polymer that binds bile acids in the intestine and...
ColestipolA positively charged, non-digestible, triamine and epoxypropane copolymer anion-exchange resin that binds to...
Colistimethate sodiumThe sodium salt of colistimethate, a broad-spectrum polymyxin antibiotic against most aerobic Gram-negative...
Colistin sulfateCyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins...
ColitisInflammation of the colon.
CollagenA fibrous protein found in cartilage and other connective tissue.
Collagen diseaseA term previously used to describe chronic diseases of the connective tissue (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis...
Collagen/aloe vera/vitamin E/lidocaine topical hydrogelA topical preparation containing collagen, aloe vera, vitamin E, and lidocaine hydrochloride with...
CollagenaseA type of enzyme that breaks down the protein collagen.
Collagenase clostridium histolyticum EN3835An injectable formulation composed of the enzyme collagenase produced by the bacterium Clostridium...
CollarboneOne of a pair of bones at the base of the front of the neck. The collarbones connect the breastbone to the...
Collecting ductThe last part of a long, twisting tube that collects urine from the nephrons (cellular structures in the...
Collective patient perspectiveAn understanding of the disease experiences of many patients and the ability to describe this collective...
Colloidal bismuth pectin granulesA granule-based formulation containing colloidal bismuth pectin (CBP), with potential cytoprotective...
Colloidal gold-bound tumor necrosis factorA substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Colloidal gold-bound tumor necrosis...
Colloidal modified fluid gelatin plasma substituteA colloidal, isotonic, physiologically balanced, plasma volume substitute containing succinylated gelatine...
Colloidal oatmealA special form of oatmeal that helps soothe, soften, and increase moisture in the skin. It may be used in a...
Colloidal oatmeal creamA colloidal oatmeal-based skin cream with potential moisturizing and skin protecting activity. Upon...
Coloanal anastomosisA surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the anus after the rectum has been removed. Also...
Coloanal pull-throughA surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the anus after the rectum has been removed. Also...
ColonThe longest part of the large intestine (a tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and...
Colon cancerCancer that forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine). Most colon cancers...
Colon cryptTube-like gland found in the lining of the colon and rectum. Colon crypt cells renew the lining of the...
Colon polypAn abnormal growth of tissue in the lining of the bowel. Polyps are a risk factor for colon cancer.
ColonoscopeA thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the colon. A colonoscope has a light and a lens...
ColonoscopyExamination of the inside of the colon using a colonoscope, inserted into the rectum. A colonoscope is a...
Colony-stimulating factorA substance that stimulates the production of blood cells. Colony-stimulating factors include granulocyte...
ColorectalHaving to do with the colon or the rectum.
Colorectal adenomaA common type of polyp (abnormal growth) that forms on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Colorectal...
Colorectal cancerCancer that develops in the colon (the longest part of the large intestine) and/or the rectum (the last...
Colorectal cancer peptide vaccine PolyPEPI1018A peptide cancer vaccine consisting of a combination of six synthetic polypeptides directed against cancer...
Colorectal tumor-associated peptides vaccine IMA910A synthetic tumor-associated peptide (TUMAP)-based cancer vaccine directed against colorectal cancer with...
ColostomyAn opening into the colon from the outside of the body. A colostomy provides a new path for waste material to...
Colostomy irrigationA procedure in which a patient with a colostomy flushes the colon with water, using a tube that is inserted...
ColposcopeA lighted magnifying instrument used to check the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease.
ColposcopyA procedure in which a lighted, magnifying instrument called a colposcope is used to examine the cervix...
Coltuximab ravtansineAn immunoconjugate consisting of an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the maytansinoid DM4, a...
ColumviA drug used to treat adults with certain types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or large B-cell lymphoma that...
ComaA condition in which a patient is in a state of deep sleep and cannot be awakened. A coma may be caused by...
Combination antiretroviral therapyTreatment that uses a combination of three or more drugs to treat HIV infection. Combination antiretroviral...
Combination chemotherapyTreatment using more than one anticancer drug.
Combination therapyTherapy that combines more than one method of treatment. Also called multimodality therapy and multimodality...
Combined androgen blockadeTreatment used to block androgen (male hormone) activity in the body. This may be done by giving an...
Combretastatin A1 diphosphateThe diphosphate prodrug of the stilbenoid combretastatin A1, originally isolated from the plant Combretum...
Combretastatin A4 phosphateA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It decreases the flow of blood to tumors and may kill...
Comedo carcinomaA type of ductal carcinoma in situ (very early-stage breast cancer).
CometriqA drug that contains the active ingredient cabozantinib-s-malate and is used to treat progressive medullary...
Comfort careCare given to people who are near the end of life and have stopped treatment to cure or control their...
Commensal bacterial strain formulation BMC128An oral formulation composed of four unique and live commensal bacterial strains that are natural inhabitants...
Commensal bacterial strain formulation VE800An orally bioavailable formulation composed of eleven alive, distinct nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, human...
Common bile ductA tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine...
Common hepatic ductA tube that carries bile from the liver. The common hepatic duct starts where the right and left hepatic...
Common iliac arteryA set of two major blood vessels that carry blood to the lower part of the body, including the pelvis...
Community Advisory BoardIn medicine, a group of non-scientist volunteers that serves as a link between a community and clinical trial...
Community immunityProtection from an infectious disease as a result of living in a community where a large number of people are...
ComorbidityThe condition of having two or more diseases at the same time.
Companion diagnostic testA test used to help match a patient to a specific drug or therapy. For example, a companion diagnostic test...
Comparative anatomyThe comparison of the structure (anatomy) of one animal or plant with the structure of a different animal or...
Compassionate useA way to provide an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a...
Complement proteinOne of a group of about 20 proteins that is found in the blood and is important in fighting infections and...
Complementary and alternative medicineA term used to describe a medical product or practice that is used together with (complementary) or instead...
Complementary medicineTreatments that are used along with standard treatments, but are not considered standard. Standard treatments...
Complementary therapyTreatment that is used along with standard treatment, but is not considered standard. Standard treatments are...
Complete androgen blockadeTreatment used to block androgen (male hormone) activity in the body. This may be done by giving an...
Complete blood countA measure of the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. The amount of...
Complete decongestive therapyA treatment program used to help manage the symptoms of lymphedema (swelling caused by a buildup of lymph in...
Complete hysterectomySurgery to remove the uterus and the cervix. The ovaries and fallopian tubes may also be removed. A complete...
Complete metastasectomySurgery to remove all metastases (tumors formed from cells that have spread from the primary tumor).
Complete remissionThe disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This does not always mean the cancer has...
Complete responseThe disappearance of all signs of cancer in response to treatment. This does not always mean the cancer has...
Complex fibroadenomaA type of benign (not cancer) tumor that usually forms in the breast and is made up of fibrous (connective)...
Complex sclerosing lesionA benign (not cancer) area of hardened tissue in the breast that looks like a scar when viewed under a...
ComplianceThe act of following a medical regimen or schedule correctly and consistently, including taking medicines or...
ComplicationIn medicine, a medical problem that occurs during a disease, or after a procedure or treatment. The...
Composite hemangioendotheliomaA blood vessel tumor that is made up of different types of cells and has features that are both benign (not...
Composite lymphomaA rare form of lymphoma (cancer that begins in cells of the immune system) in which different types of...
CompoundIn science, a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined. Examples...
Compound heterozygosityThe presence of two different mutated alleles at a particular gene locus.
Compound Kushen injectionA traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation composed of compound Kushen injection (CKI) containing...
Compound nevusA type of mole formed by groups of nevus cells found in the epidermis and dermis (the two main layers of...
Compound sodium lactate solutionA multiple electrolyte, isotonic, crystalloid solution for intravenous infusion containing sodium chloride...
Comprehensive cancer centerA cancer research center that gets support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to do cancer research and...
Comprehensive pediatric cancer centerA cancer research center that gets support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Scientists and doctors...
CompressionA pressing or squeezing together. In medicine, it can describe a structure, such as a tumor, that presses on...
Compression bandageA bandage designed to provide pressure to a particular area.
Compression fractureA type of break in a bone caused by pressure and in which the bone collapses. Compression fractures usually...
Compression garmentA tight-fitting, elastic garment, such as a sleeve or stocking. Compression garments are used in the...
Compression pumpA machine used to keep blood and lymph flowing by pushing air through bands or sleeves that are placed on the...
CompulsionAn uncontrollable urge to say or do something without an obvious reason. A person may repeat a behavior, such...
Computational biologyA field of science that uses computers, databases, math, and statistics to collect, store, organize, and...
Computed tomographic colonographyA method to examine the inside of the colon by taking a series of x-rays. A computer is used to make...
Computed tomography angiographyA procedure that uses x-rays to create a series of detailed pictures of the blood vessels and blood flow...
Computed tomography colonographyA method to examine the inside of the colon by taking a series of x-rays. A computer is used to make...
Computed tomography scanA procedure that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas...
Computer-aided detection systemA computer-based system that uses special software to help look for suspicious areas of tissue on an x-ray...
Computerized axial tomography scanA procedure that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas...
Computerized tomographyA procedure that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas...
ConatumumabA fully human monoclonal agonist antibody directed against the extracellular domain of human TRAIL (tumor...
ConberceptA recombinant, soluble, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) protein composed of the second...
Concentrated beet crystalsA formulation containing concentrated beetroot crystals, with potential antioxidant and protective...
Concentrated fortified collagen protein hydrolysate liquid supplementA liquid-based nutritional supplement containing enzyme-hydrolyzed concentrated protein derived from...
Concentrated lingzhi mushroom extractA nutritional supplement and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composed of a highly concentrated extract of...
ConcentrationIn science, the amount of a substance, such as a salt, that is in a certain amount of tissue or liquid, such...
ConceptionIn biology, the beginning of pregnancy, marked by fertilization of an egg by a sperm.
ConcertaA drug used to treat certain behavior disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It...
ConcomitantOccurring or existing at the same time as something else. In medicine, it may refer to a condition a person...
Concordant findingIn medicine, a term that describes two or more findings that agree with one another when doing a physical...
Concurrent therapyA treatment that is given at the same time as another.
ConditionIn medicine, a term that refers to a person's state of health. For example, a patient's condition in the...
Conditionally replicative adenovirus 5/3-delta24A replication competent, oncolytic adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) with its knob domain of fiber protein...
Conditionally reprogrammed cellA type of cell grown in the laboratory from samples of normal cells or cancer cells from patient tissue...
Conditionally-activated anti-EpCAM antibody-drug conjugate CX-2051An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody directed against the tumor-associated...
Conditioned responseA type of learning in which repeated exposure to something may affect a person’s behavior when they encounter...
Conditioned stimulusA situation in which one signal, or stimulus, is given just before another signal. After this happens several...
Conditioning regimenThe treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation (a procedure in which a person...
Condyloma acuminatumA raised growth on the surface of the genitals or in or around the anus caused by infection with certain...
Cone biopsyA procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix. A scalpel, a laser...
Confirmatory clinical trialA study that confirms how well a new treatment works after it was shown in early-phase clinical trials that...
ConfusionA mental state in which one is not thinking clearly.
CongenitalA condition or trait present at birth. It may be the result of genetic or non-genetic factors.
Congenital fibrosarcomaA type of cancer that forms in fibrous (connective) tissue. Congenital fibrosarcoma usually occurs in infants...
Congenital hemangiomaA benign (not cancer) blood vessel tumor that is fully formed at birth. Congenital hemangiomas usually form...
Congenital hypoplastic anemiaA very rare disorder in which the bone marrow doesn’t make enough red blood cells. It is usually seen in the...
Congenital mesoblastic nephromaA type of kidney tumor that is usually found before birth by ultrasound or within the first 3 months of life...
Congenital neutropeniaAn inherited disorder in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell...
Congenital pure red cell aplasiaA very rare disorder in which the bone marrow doesn’t make enough red blood cells. It is usually seen in the...
Congestive heart failureWeakness of the heart muscle that leads to a buildup of fluid in body tissues.
ConizationA procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix. A scalpel, a laser...
ConjugateA compound formed by chemically joining two or more different substances. For example, an antibody-drug...
Conjugated estrogensPurified orally bioavailable female sex hormones isolated from pregnant mare urine or synthetically derived...
Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifeneA combination preparation of conjugated estrogens and the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)...
Conjugated linoleic acidA slightly altered form of linoleic acid, which is an omega-6 fatty acid important to human health. It is...
ConjunctivaA membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and also covers the front part of the eye...
ConjunctivitisA condition in which the conjunctiva (membranes lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye)...
Connecting peptideA substance made by the pancreas. Connecting peptide and insulin are both part of a larger molecule that gets...
Connective tissueTissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. Connective...
Connexin geneOne of a group of related genes called connexins. Connexin genes make proteins that form channels that...
ConsanguinityGenetic relatedness between individuals who are descendants of at least one common ancestor.
Conscious sedationA level of sedation in which a person is asleep but wakes when spoken to or touched. Conscious sedation is...
Consecutive case seriesA clinical study that includes all eligible patients identified by the researchers during the study...
Consensus Development ProgramA program of the National Institutes of Health to bring together an independent group of experts to review...
Consent formA document with important information about a medical procedure or treatment, a clinical trial, or genetic...
Consent processA process in which patients are given important information, including possible risks and benefits, about a...
Consolidation therapyTreatment that is given after cancer has disappeared following the initial therapy. Consolidation therapy is...
ConstipationA condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don’t happen very...
Constitutional acupunctureA type of acupuncture based on a form of Oriental medicine in which treatment is based on a person’s...
Constitutional DNAThe DNA in germ cells (egg and sperm cells that join to form an embryo). Constitutional DNA is the source of...
ConsultandA person who is receiving genetic counseling.
ContiguousTouching or very close together.
Contiguous lymphomaLymphoma in which the lymph nodes containing cancer are next to each other.
Continent reservoirA pouch formed from a piece of small intestine to hold urine after the bladder has been removed.
Contingency managementIn medicine, a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on...
Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusionA treatment used during surgery in which a heated solution containing anticancer drugs is infused directly...
Continuous infusionThe administration of a fluid into a blood vessel, usually over a prolonged period of time.
Continuum of careIn medicine, describes the delivery of health care over a period of time. In patients with a disease, this...
ContraceptionThe use of drugs, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy. There are many different types of contraception...
Contract Research OrganizationA company hired by another company or research center to take over certain parts of running a clinical trial...
ContractureA permanent tightening of the muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby tissues that causes the joints to shorten...
ContraindicationAnything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular...
ContralateralHaving to do with the opposite side of the body.
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomySurgery to remove the healthy breast in a person who is having or has had the other breast with cancer...
Contrast agent CS-1000An aqueous colloidal nanoemulsion containing perfluorocarbon (PFC) polymers that can be used as a tracer for...
Contrast esophagramA series of x-ray pictures of the esophagus taken after a patient drinks a liquid containing barium sulfate...
Contrast materialA dye or other substance that helps show abnormal areas inside the body. It is given by injection into a...
Control animalAn animal in a study that does not receive the treatment being tested. Comparing the health of control...
Control groupIn a clinical trial, the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied. This group is compared...
Controlled clinical trialA clinical study that includes a comparison (control) group. The comparison group receives a placebo, another...
Controlled studyAn experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group.
Controlled substanceA drug or other substance that is tightly controlled by the government because it may be abused or cause...
Contusugene ladenovecA replication-defective adenoviral-CMV vector that encodes a wild-type p53 gene. Contusugene ladenovec...
Convalescent plasmaPlasma derived from patients who have recovered from an illness.
Conventional mammographyA procedure that uses x-rays to take pictures of the inside of the breast and stores the images on x-ray...
Conventional medicineA system in which medical doctors and other health care professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and...
Conventional renal cell carcinomaA type of kidney cancer in which the cells look clear or very pale when viewed under a microscope...
Conventional therapyTreatment that is widely accepted and used by most health care professionals. It is different from...
Conventional treatmentTreatment that is widely accepted and used by most health care professionals. It is different from...
ConvulsionA condition in which muscles contract and relax quickly and cause uncontrolled shaking of the body. Head...
Coombs testA laboratory test to identify antibodies that can bind to the surface of red blood cells or platelets and...
CopanlisibA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Copanlisib inhibits the...
Copanlisib hydrochlorideThe dihydrochloride salt form of copanlisib, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential...
CopayThe amount of money that a patient with health insurance pays for each health care service, such as a visit...
CopaymentThe amount of money that a patient with health insurance pays for each health care service, such as a visit...
COPDA type of lung disease marked by permanent damage to tissues in the lungs, making it hard to breathe. COPD...
COPDACAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat certain...
COPDAC regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination that is often used with radiation therapy to treat certain...
CopeTo adjust to new situations and overcome problems.
CopiktraA drug used to treat adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma that came back or...
Coping skillsThe methods a person uses to deal with stressful situations. These may help a person face a situation, take...
CopolymerA molecule made up of two or more different kinds of small molecules called monomers. The monomers are joined...
CopovithaneA synthetic polymer (copolymer of 1,3-bis(methylaminocarboxyl)-2-methylenepropanecarbamate and N-vinyl...
COPPAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It includes...
COPP regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It includes...
COPP-ABVAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma in children. It may be used...
COPP-ABV regimenAn abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma in children. It may be used...
CopperAn element with atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.
Copper 64 Cu-labeled macrophage-targeted nanoparticleA radioconjugate composed of macrophage-targeted polyglucose nanoparticle, labeled with the radioisotope...
Copper chloride formulationA formulation containing the compound copper chloride (CuCl2), that can potentially be used to enhance Cu...
Copper Cu 61-ATSMA lipophilic copper(II)bis(thiosemicarbazone) labeled with the positron-emitting isotope (61)Cu with...
Copper Cu 62 ethylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone)A radiopharmaceutical composed of the nonspecific perfusion agent ethylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone) (ETS)...
Copper Cu 62-ATSMA radioconjugate consisting of a lipophilic, neutral, bioreductive copper-bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex...
Copper Cu 62-PTSMA radioconjugate consisting of a lipophilic, bioreductive copper(II)bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex...
Copper Cu 64 anti-CEA monoclonal antibody M5AA radioimmunoconjugate consisting of a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human...
Copper Cu 64 DOTA-daratumumabA radioimmunoconjugate containing daratumumab, a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa (IgG1k) monoclonal antibody...
Copper Cu 64 dotatateA radioconjugate consisting of the somatostatin analog tyrosine-3-octreotate (Tyr3-octreotate or TATE)...
Copper Cu 64 EB-ss-CPTA radioconjugate composed of the amphiphilic camptothecin (CPT) prodrug EB-ss-CPT, labeled with the...
Copper Cu 64 FAP-2286A radioconjugate composed of FAP-2286, a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted peptide, labeled with...
Copper Cu 64 FBP8A radioconjugate consisting of fibrin binding probe 8 (FBP8), a fibrin-targeting cyclic peptide, labeled with...
Copper Cu 64 GRIP BA radioconjugate composed of granzyme targeting restricted interaction peptide specific to family member B...
Copper Cu 64 LNTH-1363SA radioconjugate composed of LNTH-1363S, a fibroblast activation protein (FAP) binding ligand and inhibitor...
Copper Cu 64 NODAGA-TTX-MC138A radioconjugate comprised of the microRNA-10b (miR-10b)-inhibitor TTX-MC138, which consists of an...
Copper Cu 64 NOTA-PSMAi-PEG-Cy5.5-C' dotsAn imaging agent composed of silica-based nanoparticles labeled with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore...
Copper Cu 64 plerixaforA radioconjugate labeled with the positron-emitting radioisotope, copper Cu 64, and also composed of...
Copper Cu 64 SAR-bisPSMAA radioconjugate composed of two human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding motifs linked to a...
Copper Cu 64 SAR-bombesinA radioconjugate containing bombesin (BBN), a tetra-decapeptide that binds with high affinity to the...
Copper Cu 64 TP3805A peptide analog of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) radiolabeled with the...
Copper Cu 64 trastuzumabA diagnostic radioimmunoconjugate comprised of the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab...
Copper Cu 64 ucasareotide dasaroxetanA radioconjugate consisting of the tyrosine-containing somatostatin analog Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) conjugated...
Copper Cu 64-ATSMA substance being studied in PET imaging to detect certain types of tumors. Copper Cu 64 is a radioactive...
Copper Cu 64-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2AA radioconjugate containing LLP2A, a high-affinity peptidomimetic ligand for the tumor-associated antigen...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA B-FabA radioimmunoconjugate containing a bivalent monospecific tandem immunoglobulin fragment (B-Fab) derived from...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-AE105A radiotracer composed of AE105, a urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) peptide antagonist...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody U3-1287A radioimmunoconjugate of the fully human monoclonal antibody against the third member of the epidermal...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-ECL1iA radiotracer composed of ECL1i (extracellular loop 1 inverso; d(LGTFLKC)), an allosteric peptidic modulator...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-pembrolizumabA radioimmunoconjugate composed of pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibody...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-rituximabA radioimmunoconjugate containing rituximab, a recombinant chimeric murine/human antibody directed against...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-TLX592A radioimmunoconjugate containing an engineered monoclonal antibody targeting the tumor-associated antigen...
Copper Cu 64-DOTA-trastuzumabA radioimmunoconjugate containing the recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab conjugated with...
Copper Cu 64-PSMA-I&TA radioconjugate composed of PSMA-I&T, a human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand...
Copper Cu 64-Tz-SarArA radioconjugate composed of a tetrazine-based molecule linked to a SarAr chelator and labeled with the...
Copper Cu 67 SAR-bisPSMAA radioconjugate composed of two human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding motifs linked to a...
Copper Cu 67 SAR-bombesinA radioconjugate composed of bombesin (BBN), a tetra-decapeptide that binds with high affinity to the...
Copper Cu 67 ucasareotide dasaroxetanA radioconjugate consisting of the tyrosine-containing somatostatin analog Tyr3-octreotate (TATE) conjugated...
Copper Cu-64-DOTA-alendronateA radioconjugate containing the biphosphonate alendronate conjugated with the bifunctional, macrocyclic...
Copper gluconateThe orally bioavailable copper salt of D-gluconic acid. In addition to its roles as an enzyme cofactor for...
Copy number variantA variation in the number of copies of a particular sequence of DNA present in the genome of an individual...
CoQ10A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. CoQ10 helps mitochondria (small...
Cord blood-derived CAR T cellsA preparation of umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a...
Cord blood-derived CMV/AdV/EBV/BKV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytesA population of allogeneic expanded cord blood (CB)-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that are...
Cord blood-derived expanded allogeneic natural killer cellsA preparation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived and ex vivo-expanded allogeneic natural killer (NK)...
Cord blood-derived expanded natural killer cells PNK-007A population of allogeneic lytic natural killer (NK) cells derived from human umbilical cord blood (UCB)...
CordectomyAn operation on the vocal cords or on the spinal cord.
CorderoneA drug used to treat certain types of abnormal heart rhythms that have not gotten better with other drugs...
CordotomyA surgical procedure that is used to relieve pain by cutting certain nerves in the spinal cord that send pain...
CordycepinAn anticancer drug that belongs to a family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.
Core biopsyThe removal of a tissue sample with a wide needle for examination under a microscope. Also called core needle...
Core needle biopsyThe removal of a tissue sample with a wide needle for examination under a microscope. Also called core biopsy.
CoregA drug used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart problems. It is also being studied in the...
CoREST inhibitor TNG260An orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1)-containing co-repressor...
Coriolus versicolor extractA substance being studied in the treatment of breast cancer and other types of cancer. Coriolus versicolor is...
Coriolus versicolor-based vaginal gelA vaginal gel consisting of hyaluronic acid niosomes, beta-glucan niosomes, alpha-oligoglycan, Coriolus...
Corn starchA starch derived from corn grain and used as food or food ingredient, with potential anti-hypoglycemic...
CorneaThe transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside.
Coronary artery bypass graftingSurgery in which a healthy blood vessel taken from another part of the body is used to make a new path for...
Coronary artery diseaseA disease in which there is a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries (blood vessels that carry blood...
Coronary heart diseaseA disease in which there is a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries (blood vessels that carry blood...
CoronavirusOne of a large family of viruses that can infect people and some animals and cause a respiratory illness...
Coronavirus disease 19A highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread from...
Corpus cavernosumOne of two columns of spongy tissue that runs through the shaft (body) of the penis. The corpus cavernosum...
Corpus spongiosumA column of spongy tissue that runs through the shaft (body) and glans (head) of the penis. The corpus...
Corpus uteriThe body of the uterus.
Corticorelin acetateThe acetate salt form of coticorelin, a synthetic peptide of neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor...
Corticorelin ovine triflutateA trifluoroacetate salt of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a 41 amino acids peptide similar to...
CorticosteroidAny steroid hormone made in the adrenal cortex (the outer part of the adrenal gland). They are also made in...
Corticosteroid-containing eye dropA sterile ophthalmic solution containing a corticosteroid, with anti-inflammatory activity. Upon application...
CorticotropinA hormone made in the pituitary gland. Corticotropin acts on the outer part of the adrenal gland to control...
Corticotropin-releasing hormoneA hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
CortisolA hormone made by the adrenal cortex (the outer layer of the adrenal gland). It helps the body use glucose (a...
CortisoneA natural steroid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It can also be made in the laboratory. Cortisone...
Corynebacterium granulosumA bacterium that can cause skin disorders. Substances taken from this bacterium can stimulate the immune...
Corynebacterium granulosum P40An insoluble fraction isolated from the bacterium Corynebacterium granulosum with potential cancer...
CosegregationThe transmission, together, of 2 or more genes on the same chromosome, as a result of their being in very...
CosibelimabA drug used to treat adults with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) that has spread...
Cosibelimab-ipdlAn immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), human monoclonal antibody directed against the immunosuppressive ligand...
CositecanA synthetic silicon-containing agent related to camptothecin with antineoplastic properties. Cositecan...
CosmegenA drug that comes from the bacterium Streptomyces parvulus and is used alone or with other drugs to treat...
Cost sharingA term used to describe the practice of dividing the cost of health care services between the patient and the...
Costello syndromeA rare genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation (change) in the HRAS gene. Costello syndrome is marked...
CosyntropinA synthetically-derived subunit of the endogenous peptide pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone...
CotellicA drug used alone to treat adults with a group of blood disorders called histiocytic neoplasms and with...
CotinineA chemical substance formed by the breakdown of nicotine in the body. Nicotine is an addictive, harmful...
Co-trimoxazoleA drug used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa. It is a combination of two...
CotsiranibA polypeptide nanoparticle (PNP)-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic directed against...
Cottonseed meal toxinA substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer. It comes from the seed of the cotton...
CoumarinA substance used to make drugs that prevent and treat blood clots in blood vessels and treat certain heart...
CoumestanAn estrogen-like substance (phytoestrogen) made by some plants. Coumestans may have anticancer effects.
CoumestrolA type of coumestan. Coumestans are estrogen-like substances (phytoestrogens) made by some plants. Coumestans...
CounselingThe process by which a professional counselor helps a person cope with mental or emotional distress, and...
CounselorA specialist who talks to patients and their families about emotional and personal matters, and can help them...
Course of treatmentA treatment plan made up of several cycles of treatment. For example, treatment given for one week followed...
COVID-19A highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread from...
COVID-19 convalescent plasmaPlasma that has been collected from patients who have recovered from the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19...
COVID-19 vaccine Ad26.COV2.SA coronavirus vaccine composed of a genetically engineered, replication-incompetent, adenovirus serotype 26...
Cowden diseaseA rare inherited disorder marked by the presence of many benign (not cancer) growths called hamartomas and an...
Cowden syndromeA rare inherited disorder marked by the presence of many benign (not cancer) growths called hamartomas and an...
COX inhibitorA type of drug that is used to treat inflammation and pain, and is being studied in the prevention and...
COX-2An enzyme that speeds up the formation of substances that cause inflammation and pain. It may also cause...
COX-2 inhibitorA nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and inflammation. COX-2 inhibitors are being...
COX-2 inhibitor ECP-1014An orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), with potential analgesic...
CozaarA drug used to treat high blood pressure. Cozaar blocks the action of chemicals that make blood vessels...
CPA chemotherapy combination used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It includes the drugs...
CP regimenA chemotherapy combination used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It includes the drugs...
CP-358,774A drug used alone to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer and with gemcitabine hydrochloride to...
CP-4055A drug used to treat advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is a form of the anticancer drug cytarabine...
CP4071A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
CP-547,632A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the families of drugs called...
CP-609,754A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
CP-724,714A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called ErbB...
CP/CPPSA condition of the prostate gland that continues or gets worse over a long period of time. Symptoms include...
C-peptideA substance made by the pancreas. C-peptide and insulin are both part of a larger molecule that gets split...
C-peptide suppression testA test used to help diagnose a type of pancreatic tumor called an insulinoma. After fasting, the patient...
CpG 7909A substance that is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs...
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide GNKG168A synthetic, 21-mer, unmethylated CpG motif-based oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), with immunostimulatory...
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonist DV281A proprietary synthetic, aerosolized C-class CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-based (ODN) agonist of toll-like...
CpG-28 oligodeoxynucleotideA synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, containing unmethylated CpG motifs derived from bacterial DNA, with...
CpG-STAT3 siRNA CAS3/SS3A Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist/STAT3 siRNA conjugate composed of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and...
cPLA2 Inhibiting silicone-based gel AVX001A topical preparation composed of a silicone gel containing a docosahexaenoic acid derivative and cytosolic...
CPMSurgery to remove the healthy breast in a person who is having or has had the other breast with cancer...
CPRAn emergency procedure used to restart a person’s heartbeat and breathing after one or both have stopped. It...
CPT 11A drug used alone or with other drugs to treat colorectal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body...
CQSA substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor. Also called...
CR2-fH fusion protein TT30A recombinant, chimeric human fusion protein consisting of the iC3b/C3d-binding region of human complement...
CRA-024781A substance being studied in the treatment of several types of cancer. It blocks enzymes needed for cell...
c-raf antisense oligonucleotide ISIS 5132A synthetic, 20-base antisense oligodeoxynucleotide that hybridizes to c-raf kinase messenger RNA. ISIS 5132...
CrampA sharp pain that occurs when a muscle suddenly contracts (tightens up). Cramps commonly occur in the abdomen...
Cranial nerveOne of twelve pairs of nerves that pass from the brain, through openings in the skull, to different areas of...
CraniopharyngiomaA rare, benign (not cancer) brain tumor that usually forms near the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus...
CraniotomyAn operation in which a small hole is made in the skull or a piece of bone from the skull is removed to show...
CraniumThe bones that form the head. The cranium is made up of cranial bones (bones that surround and protect the...
CravingA strong, urgent, or abnormal desire for a certain substance or activity. There are different types of...
CRCA type of cell grown in the laboratory from samples of normal cells or cancer cells from patient tissue...
C-reactive proteinA protein that is made by the liver when there is inflammation or tissue damage in the body. C-reactive...
CreatineA substance that is made by the body and used to store energy. It is being studied in the treatment of weight...
Creatine monohydrateThe monohydrate form of creatine similar or identical to endogenous creatine produced in the liver, kidneys...
CreatinineA compound that is excreted from the body in urine. Creatinine levels are measured to monitor kidney function.
CrelosidenibAn orally available inhibitor of mutant form of the isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1; IDH-1; IDH1...
CrenigacestatAn orally available inhibitor of the integral membrane protein gamma-secretase (GS), with potential...
CrenolanibAn orally bioavailable benzimidazole targeting the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) subtypes...
Crenolanib besylateThe besylate salt form of crenolanib, an orally bioavailable benzimidazole targeting the platelet-derived...
CrestorA drug used to lower the amount of cholesterol and other harmful substances, such as triglycerides, in the...
Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecA recombinant oncolytic adenovirus encoding the immunohematopoietic cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony...
Crib deathA disorder marked by the sudden and unexpected death of a healthy child who is younger than one year old...
CribriformPierced with small holes as in a sieve. Refers to the appearance of a tumor when viewed under a microscope...
Cridanimod sodiumThe sodium salt form of cridanimod, a small molecule that can increase progesterone receptor (PR) expression...
Crisaborole ointmentA topical ointment formulation composed of crisaborole, a boron-containing phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)...
Crisis interventionImmediate, short-term counseling (talking with a professional counselor) to stop a critical emotional...
Crisnatol mesylateAn anticancer drug that interferes with the DNA in cancer cells.
CRISPR-Cas9A laboratory tool used to change or “edit” pieces of a cell’s DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 uses a specially designed RNA...
CRISPR/Cas9-edited HPV16/18 E6/E7 plasmidA plasmid encoding for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) targeting the...
CRISPR-Cas9-engineered TGFbRII-deleted anti-EGFR CAR T cellsA preparation of human T lymphocytes genetically engineered to express an anti-epidermal growth factor...
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PD-1 and TCR gene-deleted anti-mesothelin CAR-T cellsA preparation of human T lymphocytes transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for the...
CrizanlizumabA humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 anti-P-selectin antibody with vaso-protective and...
CrizotinibA drug used to treat certain types of ALK-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in adults and children...
CRL 1005A nonionic block copolymer adjuvant used to enhance viral or non-viral polynucleotide delivery in gene...
CRL4-CRBN modulator KPG-818An orally bioavailable modulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing cereblon (CRL4-CRBN E3...
CROA company hired by another company or research center to take over certain parts of running a clinical trial...
CrofelemerAn oligomeric proanthocyanidin extracted from the latex produced by the tree Croton lechleri (Euphorbiaceae)...
Crohn diseaseA condition in which the gastrointestinal tract is inflamed over a long period of time. Crohn disease usually...
CrolibulinA small molecule tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Microtubulin...
Cromolyn sodium inhalant PA101A solution containing a high concentration of cromolyn sodium, with potential mast cell stabilizing...
Crossover studyA type of clinical trial in which all participants receive the same two or more treatments, but the order in...
Cross-sectional studyA type of research study in which a group of people is observed, or certain information is collected, at a...
Cross-talkDescribes the process inside a cell that occurs when the same signal is shared by two or more signaling...
CrotoxinA toxic protein complex isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom that is...
CrovalimabA humanized recycling monoclonal antibody directed against the complement pathway protein C5, with potential...
CRPA protein that is made by the liver when there is inflammation or tissue damage in the body. CRP levels are...
CRPCProstate cancer that keeps growing even when the amount of testosterone in the body is reduced to very low...
CRTH2 antagonist ACT-774312An orally bioavailable, selective antagonist of the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on...
Cruciferous vegetableA member of the family of vegetables that includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard...
CryoablationA procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and...
CryobankingThe process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low or freezing temperatures to save...
CryopreservationThe process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low or freezing temperatures to save...
Cryopreserved umbilical cord allograftAn allograft composed of cryopreserved, ultra-thick umbilical cord tissue in which the natural structural and...
CryosurgeryA procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and...
CryotherapyA procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and...
CryptorchidismA condition in which one or both testicles fail to move from the abdomen, where they develop before birth...
Crystalline genistein formulation AXP107-11The sodium salt dihydrate form of crystalline genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen, with...
C-sectionThe delivery of a baby through an incision (cut) made in a person’s abdomen and uterus. After the baby is...
CSFThe fluid that flows in and around the hollow spaces of the brain and spinal cord, and between two of the...
CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945An orally bioavailable inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R; CSF1R), with potential...
CSF1R inhibitor HMPL-653An orally bioavailable inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; CD115; M-CSFR), with...
CSF1R inhibitor PLX73086An inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R), with potential antineoplastic activity...
CSF-1R/DDR1/VEGFR2 inhibitor C019199An orally bioavailable inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; CD115; M-CSFR)...
CSF1R-targeting agentAny agent targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R; CSF-1R; C-FMS...
CSF1-targeting agentAny agent targeting the cytokine colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1; CSF-1; macrophage colony-stimulating...
CSPA rare tumor that usually forms in the connective tissue of the breast. CSPs tend to grow quickly and get...
CSPCProstate cancer that needs androgens (male hormones) to grow and therefore stops growing when androgens are...
CSSThe length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer...
CT angiographyA procedure that uses x-rays to create a series of detailed pictures of the blood vessels and blood flow...
CT colonographyA method to examine the inside of the colon by taking a series of x-rays. A computer is used to make...
CT scanA procedure that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas...
CT-2103A form of the anticancer drug paclitaxel combined with a protein called poliglumex that may have fewer side...

1,658 of 17,717 terms in Oncology and biomedicine terminology (MLC-0111). Request the full dataset.