Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109
Chemistry terms: A (1,115)
- Auger spectroscopyA surface-sensitive analytical technique that uses a beam of electrons or X-rays to eject core-level...
- Auger vacancy satelliteAn Auger emission that occurs while extra spectator vacancies exist, either in the initial or in the final...
- Auger yieldThe probability that an excited atom, following the creation of a core hole, will de-excite by emitting an...
- AuraA perceptual disturbance experienced by some individuals before a migraine headache or epileptic seizure. It...
- AuricleThe external part of the ear, composed of cartilage covered with skin, which collects sound waves and...
- AuronesA class of plant-derived flavonoids characterized by a benzalcoumaranone (or 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3-one)...
- AutacoidA biological factor that acts like a local hormone, produced by one type of cell and affecting other cells in...
- AutismA complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication...
- Auto-accelerationAn increase in the rate of polymerization observed in some radical polymerization reactions, particularly at...
- AutoantibodyAn antibody produced by an organism that is directed against its own tissues or cells. These antibodies are a...
- AutoantigenA normal self-component, such as a protein or nucleic acid, that is recognized as foreign by the immune...
- Autocatalytic reactionA chemical reaction in which one of the products acts as a catalyst for the reaction itself, thereby...
- AutochthonousRelating to substances or organisms that originate within the system or environment where they are found...
- AutocorrelationA mathematical measure of the similarity between a signal and a delayed version of itself as a function of...
- Autocorrelation vectorA mathematical representation used in cheminformatics to encode structural information about a molecule...
- AutocrineA mode of cell signaling where a cell secretes a chemical messenger, such as a hormone or growth factor, that...
- AutodetachmentThe spontaneous process in which an electron is ejected from an anion, resulting in a neutral atom or...
- Autogenic successionEcological succession driven by changes in the environment caused by the organisms themselves, rather than by...
- AutograftA tissue or organ transplanted from one part of an individual's body to another part of the same individual...
- AutoimmuneRelating to an immune response directed against an organism's own tissues or cells. This occurs when the...
- Autoimmune bullous skin diseaseA group of chronic inflammatory skin disorders characterized by the formation of blisters (bullae) on the...
- Autoimmune diseaseA pathological condition arising from an abnormal immune response directed against the body's own cells...
- Autoimmune gastritisA chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach lining caused by the immune system attacking its own parietal...
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaA disorder in which the body's immune system produces autoantibodies that target and destroy its own red...
- Autoimmune hepatitisA chronic inflammatory disease of the liver where the immune system attacks liver cells. This can lead to...
- Autoimmune infertilityA condition where an individual's immune system produces antibodies that attack reproductive cells or...
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromeA rare genetic disorder characterized by the chronic, non-malignant proliferation of lymphocytes, leading to...
- Autoimmune myositisA group of rare systemic inflammatory muscle diseases in which the immune system attacks muscle, causing...
- Autoimmune nephritisInflammation of the kidneys caused by an autoimmune response where the body's immune system attacks its own...
- Autoimmune neuropathyA condition resulting from damage to peripheral nerves caused by the body's own immune system. The immune...
- Autoimmune peripheral neuropathyA group of disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks components of the peripheral nervous...
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 or 2A group of rare disorders characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of autoimmune diseases affecting...
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathyA condition characterized by the presence of autoimmune diseases affecting two or more endocrine glands. The...
- Autoimmune regulatorA transcription factor that controls the expression of a wide array of tissue-specific antigens within the...
- Autoimmune thyroiditisAn inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland caused by an autoimmune response, where the body's immune...
- AutoimmunityThe state in which an organism's immune system reacts against its own tissues or cells, which are normally...
- AutoinductionThe process by which a drug or chemical compound increases the activity of the enzymes responsible for its...
- Autoinflammatory diseaseA condition characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation, resulting from a dysfunction in the...
- Auto-ionizationThe spontaneous dissociation of a molecule into ions without external influence, often occurring in pure...
- AutologousRelating to cells, tissues, or other biological materials that are derived from and returned to the same...
- Autologous antibodyAn antibody that derives from a specific individual and acts within that same individual, as opposed to an...
- Automated deviceA machine or instrument designed to perform a specific function or a sequence of operations with minimal...
- Automated extractionA process of separating a substance from a matrix using mechanical or robotic systems to perform the...
- Automatic extractionThe process of isolating a target analyte from a sample matrix using instrumentation that executes the entire...
- AutomationThe use of devices and control systems to replace human intervention in an analytical procedure. Automation...
- AutomerizationA degenerate rearrangement where a molecule undergoes an intramolecular transformation that results in a...
- Autonomic dysreflexiaA potentially life-threatening condition characterized by an exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response...
- Autonomic nervous systemThe division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart...
- AutophagosomeA double-membraned vesicle that forms within a cell to engulf and transport cytoplasmic components, such as...
- AutophagyA catabolic process by which a cell degrades its own components, such as damaged organelles or misfolded...
- AutophobicityThe phenomenon where a liquid does not spread on a solid surface that has been pre-coated with a layer of the...
- AutoprotolysisA proton transfer reaction between two identical molecules, where one molecule acts as a Brønsted acid and...
- Autoprotolysis constantThe equilibrium constant for the autoprotolysis reaction of a solvent, representing the product of the...
- AutopsyA postmortem medical examination of a body to determine the cause of death, assess the extent of disease, or...
- AutoradiographA photographic image produced by the radiation emitted from a radioactive substance itself, without external...
- AutoradiolysisThe decomposition of a chemical compound caused by the radiation emitted from its own radioactive atoms. As...
- AutoreactivityThe condition where an individual's immune system mounts a response against its own tissues or cells...
- AutoregressionA statistical model that predicts future values of a time series based on its own past values. It expresses a...
- AutoscalingA data preprocessing technique in chemometrics that scales each variable to have a mean of zero and a...
- AutositeThe more completely developed member of a pair of conjoined twins, to which a smaller, less developed, and...
- Autosomal dominant mutationA genetic alteration in a gene located on one of the non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) where only one copy of...
- Autosomal recessive mutationA genetic alteration in a gene located on an autosome where two copies of the mutated gene, one inherited...
- AutosomeAny chromosome within a diploid cell that is not a sex chromosome (allosome). These chromosomes occur in...
- AutotrophAn organism that produces its own food from simple inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy...
- Autotrophic successionThe ecological process of community change over time, where the dominant organisms are autotrophs, meaning...
- AutoxidationThe spontaneous oxidation of a substance by atmospheric oxygen without the involvement of flame or high...
- Auxiliary electrodeThe third electrode of a three-electrode electrochemical cell, also called the counter electrode, whose only...
- Auxiliary gasA gas fed to a spray ion source alongside the nebulizing gas to speed removal of solvent from the droplets...
- AuxochromeA functional group that does not absorb light in the visible region itself but, when attached to a...
- AuxotrophA mutant organism that has lost the ability to synthesize an essential nutrient, such as an amino acid or...
- AuxotrophyA nutritional requirement in an organism for a specific organic compound that it cannot synthesize on its...
- AvascularityThe state of lacking blood vessels, meaning there is no direct blood supply to the tissue or organ. Tissues...
- Average beam currentThe mean value of the electric current carried by a beam of charged particles over a specified period. It...
- Average current densityThe total electric current passing through an electrode divided by the macroscopic geometric area of that...
- Average degree of polymerizationThe average number of monomeric units in a polymer chain within a given sample. This value can be expressed...
- Average lifeThe mean lifetime of a radioactive atom before it undergoes decay. It is the reciprocal of the decay constant...
- Average massThe mass calculated for an ion or molecule by weighting each isotope of every element by its natural...
- Average matrix relative sensitivity factorA relative sensitivity factor (RSF) determined by averaging values from a set of different matrices or...
- Average number of radicals per particleThe mean quantity of free radicals present within each polymer particle in an emulsion polymerization system...
- Average rate of flowThe mean mercury flow rate of a dropping mercury electrode, found by dividing the mass of one drop at the...
- AvicideA chemical substance specifically designed to kill birds. These compounds are used for pest control to manage...
- AvidityThe cumulative strength of multiple binding interactions between a multivalent ligand and a multivalent...
- Avogadro constantThe number of constituent particles, such as atoms or molecules, per mole of a substance. It provides a...
- Avoidance testA behavioral assay used to assess an animal's ability to learn and remember to avoid an unpleasant stimulus...
- Avoided crossingA phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two electronic potential energy surfaces of the same symmetry...
- Avrami equationA mathematical model describing the kinetics of phase transformations, particularly crystallization in...
- Axenic cultureA population of a single species, strain, or variety of an organism grown in an environment free from any...
- AxialDescribing a substituent or bond that is oriented parallel to the main axis of symmetry in a cyclic molecule...
- Axial advancement per constitutional repeating unitThe distance along the chain axis that a polymer chain advances for each constitutional repeating unit in a...
- Axial chiralityA type of chirality where the molecular asymmetry arises from the arrangement of substituents around an axis...
- Axial ejectionThe process in a mass spectrometer where ions are expelled along the central axis of a linear ion trap or a...
- Axial skeletonThe central part of the vertebrate skeleton, comprising the bones of the head, trunk, and vertebral column...
- Axial viewing modeAn orientation in inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy where the emitted light is...
- AxialiteA multilayer crystalline aggregate in which lamellar crystals fan out from one shared edge, giving a...
- AxializationThe process of confining ions to the central axis of a mass spectrometer's ion trap, particularly in Fourier...
- AxonA long, slender projection extending from the cell body of a neuron, responsible for transmitting electrical...
- Axonal degenerationThe pathological breakdown and deterioration of the axon, the long projection of a neuron that transmits...
- Axonal transportThe cellular process responsible for moving mitochondria, lipids, proteins, and other materials along the...
- AxonopathyA disease or condition primarily affecting the axons of nerve cells, leading to their degeneration or...
- Aza-di-π-methane rearrangementA photochemical rearrangement of 1-aza-1,4-dienes or 2-aza-1,4-dienes, usually from the triplet excited...
- AzanesA class of acyclic, saturated nitrogen hydrides, which are compounds composed solely of nitrogen and hydrogen...
- Azeotropic copolymerisationA specific type of copolymerization where the instantaneous composition of the copolymer formed is identical...
- Azeotropic pointThe specific composition and temperature at which a liquid mixture boils without a change in its composition...
- AzidesA class of chemical compounds containing the azide functional group, which consists of three nitrogen atoms...
- AzinesCompounds of the type R2C=N-N=CR2, formed when hydrazine condenses with two molecules of an aldehyde or...
- Azinic acidsDerivatives of the parent H2N+(O-)OH, the best-known members being the nitronic acids R2C=N+(O-)OH, also...
- AzlactonesOxazol-5(4H)-ones, five-membered heterocycles with a ring oxygen, a ring nitrogen, and a lactone-type...
- Azo compoundsDerivatives of diazene (HN=NH) where both hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbyl groups, resulting in the...
- Azo imidesThe N-imides of azo compounds, in which one azo nitrogen carries an extra substituent and a negatively...
- Azomethine imidesA class of 1,3-dipolar compounds containing a nitrogen-carbon double bond and an adjacent nitrogen atom with...
- Azomethine ylidesA class of 1,3-dipolar compounds characterized by a nitrogen-carbon double bond with an adjacent carbanion...
- AzomethinesA class of organic compounds containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C=N) where the nitrogen atom is bonded...
- Azonic acidsCompounds of the type RN+(O-)(OH)2, obtained from the parent HN+(O-)(OH)2 by hydrocarbyl substitution on...
- AzoospermiaA medical condition characterized by the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. This condition is...
- Azoxy compoundsA class of organic compounds containing the azoxy functional group, which consists of a nitrogen-nitrogen...
1,115 of 13,676 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.