Law terminology · MLC-0107

Law terms: R (293)

• Race statuteA type of recording act that determines priority of interests in real property based solely on which...
• Race to the bottomA phenomenon where states or countries compete by progressively lowering standards, such as environmental...
• Race-notice statuteA type of recording act that determines priority of interests in real property based on both the order of...
• RacismA system of prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on...
• Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ActA federal law enacted to combat organized crime by allowing prosecution and civil penalties for patterns of...
• RacketeeringThe act of engaging in a pattern of illegal activities carried out as part of an ongoing criminal enterprise...
• RaiderAn investor or company that attempts a hostile takeover of a public corporation. The raider seeks to acquire...
• RainmakerA partner or senior member of a law firm who is exceptionally skilled at attracting new clients and...
• RansomA sum of money or other consideration demanded or paid for the release of a person or property held captive...
• RapeA criminal offense involving nonconsensual sexual penetration of another individual. The act is defined by...
• RatificationThe formal approval or confirmation of an act or agreement, making it legally binding. This process can apply...
• RatifyTo formally approve or confirm an act or agreement that was previously unauthorized or provisional, thereby...
• Ratio decidendiThe legal principle or rule of law on which a judicial decision is based. This constitutes the binding part...
• Rational basis testA standard of judicial review used by courts to assess the constitutionality of a law or government action...
• Read onTo interpret a claim in a patent application or issued patent as encompassing a particular feature or...
• Ready, willing, and ableA legal phrase describing a party who is prepared, desirous, and capable of fulfilling the terms of a...
• ReaffirmationAn agreement made by a debtor in a bankruptcy proceeding to continue paying a specific debt that would...
• Reaffirmation agreementAn agreement, typically between a Chapter 7 debtor and a secured creditor, under which the debtor agrees to...
• Real covenantA promise concerning the use of land that runs with the land, binding subsequent owners of the property...
• Real estateLand and anything permanently attached to it, including buildings, trees, and minerals. This encompasses not...
• Real estate agentA licensed professional who represents buyers or sellers in real estate transactions. This individual acts as...
• Real estate brokerA state-licensed individual or firm that acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real property...
• Real estate investment trustA company that owns, operates, or finances income-producing real estate, allowing individuals to invest in...
• Real estate transactionsThe legal processes involved in transferring the ownership or usage rights of real property from one party to...
• Real party in interestThe person or entity who possesses the actual right to sue or be sued in a legal action. This party is the...
• Real propertyLand and all things permanently attached to it, including buildings, fixtures, and anything growing on the...
• Realization of gainThe event when an asset is sold or exchanged for an amount greater than its adjusted basis, resulting in a...
• RealtorA licensed real estate professional who is a member of the National Association of Realtors (NAR). This...
• RealtyLand and all things permanently attached to it, including buildings, structures, and natural resources like...
• ReasonableConforming to sound judgment, fairness, or moderation, as determined by an objective standard. This concept...
• Reasonable accommodationA modification or adjustment to a job, work environment, or public service that enables a qualified...
• Reasonable beliefA standard used in law to determine the legality of a person's actions, based on what an ordinary, prudent...
• Reasonable careThe degree of caution and prudence that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under the same or similar...
• Reasonable doubtThe standard of proof required for a conviction in criminal cases, meaning that no other logical explanation...
• Reasonable investorA hypothetical individual who makes investment decisions based on careful consideration of all available...
• Reasonable personA hypothetical individual who exercises average care, skill, and judgment in conducting their affairs. This...
• Reasonable relianceThe justifiable belief by one party in the truth or accuracy of a representation made by another party...
• Reasonable speedA rate of travel that is safe and appropriate given the prevailing road, weather, and traffic conditions...
• Reasonable suspicionA legal standard of proof that is less than probable cause but more than a mere hunch, based on specific and...
• Reasonable timeA period of time that is fair, appropriate, and sufficient for a particular action or obligation, considering...
• Reasonable wear and tearThe expected deterioration of a property resulting from its normal and intended use over time, as opposed to...
• RebateA partial refund of an amount paid for a good or service, given back to the purchaser after the transaction...
• Rebus sic stantibusA legal doctrine in international law allowing for a treaty to be terminated or modified due to a fundamental...
• Rebuttable presumptionAn assumption made by a court that is taken to be true unless proven otherwise by the presentation of...
• RebuttalThe presentation of evidence or arguments intended to contradict or disprove the claims or evidence presented...
• Rebuttal witnessA person called to testify in a legal proceeding specifically to contradict or discredit evidence or...
• Recalled judgeA retired magistrate judge, bankruptcy judge, or judge of the Court of Federal Claims may return to duty for...
• RecaptureA tax provision requiring a taxpayer to add an amount back to their income that was previously deducted or...
• ReceiptA written acknowledgment that a specified sum of money or a particular article of property has been received...
• ReceiverAn impartial person appointed by a court to take possession of, manage, and preserve property or assets that...
• ReceivershipA legal status where a court appoints a receiver to manage the assets, business, or property of a person or...
• Receiving stolen propertyThe criminal offense of acquiring, possessing, or controlling property that one knows or believes to have...
• RecessA temporary break in a court proceeding, legislative session, or other official meeting, during which...
• RecidivismThe tendency of a convicted criminal to re-offend, often measured by rearrest, reconviction, or...
• RecidivistAn individual who repeatedly commits criminal offenses, especially after having been previously convicted and...
• Reciprocal beneficiariesA legal status, formerly recognized in some jurisdictions, that granted certain rights and benefits to...
• Reciprocal discoveryThe mutual exchange of information and evidence between opposing parties in a legal proceeding. This process...
• ReciprocityA principle in law where one jurisdiction grants certain rights or privileges to citizens or entities of...
• RecklessDescribing conduct that involves a conscious disregard of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that a harmful...
• Reckless disregardA standard of conduct indicating a conscious indifference to the consequences of one's actions, particularly...
• Reckless drivingThe criminal offense of operating a motor vehicle with a conscious and unjustifiable disregard for the safety...
• Recognition (international law)The formal acknowledgment by one state of the existence and legitimacy of another state, government, or...
• ReconciliationThe process of bringing parties in a dispute to an agreement or resolution, often through mediation or...
• ReconveyanceThe transfer of legal title to property back to its original owner, typically after a debt or obligation...
• RecordThe official collection of all documents, transcripts, and evidence filed with the court during a legal...
• Record keepingThe systematic process of creating, maintaining, and storing documents, data, and other information related...
• Record ownerThe individual or entity whose name appears on official public records as holding title to a specific piece...
• RecordingThe act of filing a legal document with a designated public office, such as a county recorder's office, to...
• Recording actA state statute that governs the process and legal effect of recording documents related to real property...
• Recording acts, see Recording act
• Recording statuteA state law that dictates the legal consequences of recording documents that affect title to real property...
• Records, see Record
• RecoupmentA legal defense or counterclaim asserted by a defendant in a lawsuit, seeking to reduce or extinguish the...
• RecourseThe right of a lender or creditor to demand payment from a borrower or guarantor in the event of default on a...
• RecoverTo obtain a final judgment in a lawsuit for money, damages, or the possession of property. A plaintiff who...
• RecoverableDescribing damages or costs that a party is legally entitled to claim and receive as compensation in a...
• RecoveryThe process or act of obtaining a favorable outcome in a legal dispute, often resulting in the restoration of...
• Recreational land use and zoningRegulations and classifications that designate specific areas of land for recreational activities, such as...
• Recurring closing costsExpenses associated with a real estate transaction that are paid repeatedly over time, rather than as a...
• RecusalThe act by which a judge, prosecutor, or other legal professional voluntarily withdraws from a case due to a...
• RecuseTo disqualify oneself from participation in a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest, bias, or other...
• Red herringA preliminary prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for a new issue of...
• RedactionThe process of obscuring or removing sensitive, privileged, or irrelevant information from a document before...
• RedeemTo repurchase or recover something that has been pledged or mortgaged, by paying the debt or fulfilling the...
• RedemptionThe act of buying back or regaining possession of property by paying a debt or fulfilling an obligation. This...
• Redirect examinationThe questioning of a witness by the party who called them, following cross-examination by the opposing party...
• RedistrictingThe process of redrawing electoral district boundaries within a state to reflect population changes...
• RedliningThe discriminatory practice of denying or limiting services, such as financial loans, insurance, or housing...
• ReentryThe right of a landlord or grantor to retake possession of property after a tenant or grantee has violated a...
• ReexaminationA procedure in patent law allowing a third party or the patent owner to request that the United States Patent...
• RefereeAn impartial third party appointed by a court to hear evidence and make findings or recommendations on...
• ReformationA legal remedy allowing a court to modify a written contract or other document to reflect the true intentions...
• Refresh one's recollectionTo review a document or object to revive a witness's memory before or during testimony. This practice allows...
• RefugeeA person who has fled their country of origin and cannot return due to a well-founded fear of persecution...
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)A landmark United States Supreme Court case that affirmed the constitutionality of affirmative action but...
• RegisterTo officially record an item or event in a public or private registry, thereby establishing its legal status...
• Register of deedsA local government office responsible for recording and maintaining public records, primarily those related...
• Registered agentAn individual or entity designated by a business to receive service of process, legal documents, and official...
• Registered transporterAn individual or company authorized by a regulatory body to move specific goods or materials, often those...
• RegistrantAn individual or entity that has formally enrolled or recorded information with a governing authority or...
• Registration statementA set of documents filed with a regulatory body, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), by a...
• Registry of deedsA governmental office responsible for maintaining official records of real property transactions and...
• RegulationA rule or order issued by an executive authority or administrative agency under powers delegated by a...
• Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI)A rule adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that requires broker-dealers to act in the...
• Regulation DA set of rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that provides exemptions from the...
• Regulation Fair DisclosureA rule from the Securities and Exchange Commission, also known as Regulation FD, that addresses selective...
• Regulation S-KA set of rules and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that specifies the...
• Regulation S-XA set of rules issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that governs the form and content...
• RehabilitationThe process of restoring a person to a constructive place in society through training, therapy, or other...
• Rehabilitation Act of 1973A federal law in the United States that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs...
• RehearingA second hearing of a case by the same court or tribunal that originally rendered the decision. A party may...
• ReinstatementThe act of restoring a person or entity to a previous position, status, or condition. This can apply to an...
• REITA Real Estate Investment Trust, which is a company that owns, operates, or finances income-producing real...
• RejoinderA defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication in common law pleading. This constitutes the fourth stage...
• RelatorA party who brings a legal action on behalf of the government or a public interest, particularly in cases...
• ReleaseA legal instrument in which one party forfeits a legal right, claim, or cause of action against another...
• Release on one's own recognizanceThe release of a criminal defendant from custody without bail, based on their promise to appear in court as...
• RelevantDescribing evidence that has any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the...
• Relevant evidenceEvidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of...
• RelianceThe act of depending on another's statement or promise, which induces a party to act or refrain from acting...
• Reliance damagesMonetary compensation awarded to a plaintiff to put them in the position they would have been in had they not...
• RelictionThe gradual and imperceptible recession of water from land, exposing new dry land. This process results in an...
• ReliefThe remedy or redress sought by a party in a legal action, typically in the form of a judgment or order from...
• Relinquished propertyProperty that an owner voluntarily gives up with no intention of reclaiming it, thereby abandoning all rights...
• RemainderA future interest in property that becomes possessory upon the natural termination of a preceding estate...
• Remainder (property law), see Remainder
• Remainder subject to a condition precedentA future interest in property that will vest in the grantee only if a specified condition occurs before or at...
• Remainder subject to divestmentA vested remainder that can be defeated or terminated by the occurrence of a subsequent event. The interest...
• Remainder subject to openA vested remainder held by a class of persons, where the class is not yet closed and additional members may...
• Remainder (trust law), see Remainder
• RemaindermanA person who holds a future interest in property that will become possessory after the termination of a prior...
• RemandTo send a case back to a lower court for further action. An appellate court typically remands a case when it...
• RemedyThe means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed, or compensated...
• RemiseTo give up, release, or surrender a claim, right, or interest, particularly in real property. This act often...
• RemittiturA judicial order reducing the amount of a monetary award granted by a jury, typically when the award is...
• RemovalThe transfer of a case from a state court to a federal court. This action is generally initiated by the...
• Removal warrantA legal document issued by an immigration judge or other authorized official, ordering the deportation of a...
• Renewable electricity standardA regulatory policy that requires electricity suppliers to obtain a specified percentage of their power from...
• RenewalThe act of extending the term or validity of a contract, lease, license, or other legal agreement for an...
• RentA periodic payment made by a tenant to a landlord in exchange for the right to occupy or use property. The...
• Rent controlA system of government regulations that limits the amount a landlord can charge for rent and specifies the...
• Rent withholdingA tenant's refusal to pay rent to a landlord due to the landlord's failure to maintain the property in a...
• Rental agreementA contract, either written or oral, between a landlord and a tenant that outlines the terms and conditions...
• Rental valueThe fair market price for which a property could be leased to a willing tenant for a specific period. This...
• RenunciationThe formal act of giving up a right, claim, or privilege. This can involve disclaiming an inheritance...
• ReorganizationA legal process, often under bankruptcy law, where a financially distressed company restructures its debt and...
• Repair and deductA tenant's legal remedy that permits them to make necessary repairs to a rental property and then subtract...
• RepealThe act of revoking or withdrawing a law, statute, or regulation, rendering it no longer valid or...
• Replacement propertyReal estate or other assets acquired to substitute for property that was involuntarily converted, such as...
• Replacement valueThe cost to replace an insured item with a new one of similar kind and quality, without deduction for...
• ReplevinA legal action to recover possession of personal property that has been wrongfully taken or detained by...
• Reply briefA legal document filed by an appellant in an appellate court to respond to arguments made in the appellee's...
• Reporting companyA business entity that is required to file periodic reports with a regulatory body, such as the Securities...
• ReportsFormal written accounts of legal proceedings, investigations, or findings, prepared by courts, law...
• RepossessTo take back possession of property from a debtor who has defaulted on payments or violated the terms of a...
• RepossessionThe act by which a creditor takes back property that was used as collateral for a loan, due to the debtor's...
• RepresentTo act on behalf of another person or entity, typically in a legal capacity, such as an attorney acting for a...
• RepresentationThe action of an attorney or other authorized agent acting on behalf of a client in legal proceedings or...
• RepresentativeAn individual authorized to act on behalf of another person or a group, especially in legal or political...
• Representative payeeAn individual or organization designated by a government agency to receive and manage benefits on behalf of...
• ReprieveA temporary postponement of a scheduled punishment, especially a stay of execution for a death sentence. This...
• RepudiationThe rejection or disavowal of a contract or obligation before performance is due, indicating an intention not...
• ReputationThe general estimation in which a person or entity is held by the public. In law, a person's reputation is...
• RequestA formal application made to a court or another party for some order, action, or information. In civil...
• Request for admissionA written discovery device used in litigation where one party asks another party to admit or deny the truth...
• Request to admitA written declaration served by one party to a lawsuit upon another, asking the receiving party to affirm or...
• Requests for admissionA formal discovery tool in civil litigation where one party asks another party to admit or deny the truth of...
• Required minimum distributionThe annual amount that an account holder must withdraw from certain retirement accounts, such as traditional...
• Requirements contractA contract in which a buyer agrees to purchase all of its needs for a specific good or service exclusively...
• ResThe subject matter of a legal action, such as a piece of property or a sum of money, that is the object of a...
• Res adjudicataA legal doctrine preventing the relitigation of a claim or issue that has already been finally decided by a...
• Res gestaeA Latin phrase meaning "things done," referring to statements or actions that are so closely connected in...
• Res gestae witnessA person who observes or is involved in an event and whose statements made at the time of the event are...
• Res ipsa loquiturA legal doctrine meaning "the thing speaks for itself," used in tort law to infer negligence when the facts...
• Res judicataA legal principle that bars the relitigation of a claim or issue that has already been finally determined by...
• Res novaA legal question or case that has not previously been decided by a court, presenting a novel point of law...
• ResaleThe act of selling an item or property that was previously purchased by the seller. This transaction often...
• RescindTo cancel or revoke a contract, agreement, or legal instrument, effectively restoring the parties to their...
• RescissionThe legal remedy of canceling a contract and restoring the parties to the positions they occupied before the...
• Rescue doctrineA legal principle that allows a rescuer to recover damages from the party whose negligence created the...
• ReservationA clause in a deed or other legal instrument that creates a new right or interest in favor of the grantor out...
• Reserve fundAn account established by an organization, such as a condominium association or a municipality, to set aside...
• Reserved power of appointmentA right retained by the creator of a trust or other legal instrument to designate the recipients of certain...
• ResidenceThe place where an individual lives, either permanently or for an extended period. In legal terms, it is...
• ResidencyThe legal status of living in a particular jurisdiction for a specified period, often conferring certain...
• ResidentA person who lives in a particular place with the intention of making it their permanent home. This status is...
• Residuary beneficiaryThe person or entity designated in a will to receive the remainder of an estate after all specific bequests...
• Residuary bequestA gift of the remaining portion of an estate after all specific bequests, debts, taxes, and administrative...
• Residuary estateThe portion of a deceased person's estate that remains after all specific bequests, debts, taxes, and...
• ResidueThe remaining portion of an estate after all specific gifts, debts, taxes, and administrative costs have been...
• Resisting arrestThe criminal offense of intentionally obstructing or opposing a law enforcement officer who is attempting to...
• ResolutionA formal expression of opinion or intention adopted by a legislative body, committee, or other organized...
• Resolution of CongressA legislative measure passed by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or by both chambers, that...
• Resource Conservation and Recovery ActA principal U.S. federal law governing the disposal of solid and hazardous waste, enacted in 1976. The...
• Respondeat superiorA legal doctrine, meaning "let the master answer," which holds an employer or principal legally responsible...
• RespondentThe party against whom an appeal is filed or against whom a petition or motion is brought in a legal...
• ResponseA formal written or oral reply to a legal pleading, motion, or inquiry. In litigation, a response typically...
• ResponsibleHaving a legal obligation or liability for one's actions or for the actions of another under one's control...
• Responsive pleadingA formal written document filed in a lawsuit by a party in response to a prior pleading from an opposing...
• Restatement of the LawA series of treatises published by the American Law Institute that seek to clarify and codify common law...
• RestitutionA remedy that seeks to restore a person to the position they were in before a loss or injury, or to disgorge...
• Restraining orderA court order that prohibits a party from performing a specific act, such as contacting another person or...
• Restraint of tradeAn agreement between parties that limits competition or the ability of an individual or business to carry on...
• Restraint on alienationA provision in a deed, will, or contract that restricts the owner's ability to sell, transfer, or otherwise...
• RestrictionA limitation or condition placed upon the use or transfer of property, or upon the conduct of an individual...
• Restrictive covenantA clause in a deed or lease that limits how the property owner or tenant can use the land. These covenants...
• Restrictive endorsementAn endorsement on a negotiable instrument, such as a check, that limits its further negotiation or specifies...
• Resulting trustAn implied trust that arises by operation of law when a person transfers property to another, but the...
• Resume inflationThe act of misrepresenting or exaggerating one's academic credentials, work experience, or skills on a resume...
• Retail investorsIndividual investors who buy and sell securities for their personal accounts, rather than on behalf of an...
• Retained earningsThe portion of a company's net income that is kept by the company rather than distributed to its shareholders...
• RetainerAn upfront payment made by a client to an attorney to secure their legal services. This fee often covers...
• Retainer agreementA contract between an attorney and a client that sets forth the terms of their professional relationship...
• Retaining lienA common law right of an attorney to hold onto a client's property, documents, or funds that are in the...
• RetaliationAn adverse action taken by an employer, landlord, or other party against an individual for exercising a...
• Retaliatory evictionAn unlawful eviction initiated by a landlord in response to a tenant's exercise of a legal right, such as...
• Retaliatory measuresActions taken by one party in response to a perceived wrong or injury inflicted by another, with the intent...
• Retirement benefitsPayments or other advantages provided to an individual upon their cessation of employment, typically after...
• RetractionA formal withdrawal of a statement, accusation, or promise previously made. This act aims to correct a prior...
• RetrialA new trial of a case that has already been heard in court. This occurs when a previous trial resulted in a...
• RetributivismA theory of justice that holds that punishment should be imposed on an offender as a deserved consequence for...
• RetroactiveDescribing a law, decision, or action that applies to events or facts that occurred before its enactment or...
• Return of serviceA formal document filed with the court by a process server, sheriff, or other authorized person, certifying...
• Revenue agentAn employee of a government tax authority, such as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), whose primary duty is...
• Revenue rulingAn official interpretation by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) of how the tax law applies to a specific set...
• ReversalThe act by an appellate court of overturning the judgment or decision of a lower court. This action indicates...
• ReverseThe act of a court setting aside the decision of a lower court. A reversal is often accompanied by a remand...
• Reverse discriminationA form of alleged unfair treatment directed at individuals from a majority or historically advantaged group...
• Reverse engineeringThe process of deconstructing a product or system to understand its design, architecture, or components. In...
• Reverse mergerA transaction where a private company acquires a public company, with the private company's shareholders...
• Reverse mortgageA type of loan available to homeowners, typically aged 62 or older, that allows them to convert a portion of...
• Reversible errorA mistake made by a trial court during legal proceedings that is serious enough to warrant overturning the...
• ReversionA future interest in real property that arises when a grantor conveys a lesser estate than they own...
• ReverterThe right of a grantor or their heirs to reclaim real property when a specific condition in a deed is...
• ReviewThe process by which a higher court examines the decisions and proceedings of a lower court or administrative...
• Revised Uniform Partnership Act of 1997A model statute drafted by the Uniform Law Commission to govern the formation, operation, and dissolution of...
• RevivalThe restoration of legal force or effect to something that was previously terminated, expired, or dormant...
• Revocable living trustA legal arrangement created during an individual's lifetime, where assets are transferred to a trustee for...
• Revocable trustA legal arrangement where the grantor transfers assets to a trustee for the benefit of designated...
• RevocationThe formal withdrawal, cancellation, or annulment of a legal instrument, power, or right that was previously...
• Revocation of will by actThe annulment of a last will and testament through a physical action performed by the testator, or by another...
• Revocation of wills by instrumentThe annulment of a previously executed will through a subsequent written document, such as a new will or a...
• RevokeTo annul, withdraw, or formally cancel a previously granted right, offer, or legal instrument, rendering it...
• Revolving credit facilityA type of loan that allows a borrower to draw down, repay, and redraw funds up to a certain maximum amount...
• Rex non potest peccareA Latin maxim meaning "the king can do no wrong." This legal principle asserts that the sovereign, or the...
• Reynolds v. Sims (1964)A landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the principle of "one person, one vote" for state...
• RhadamanthineDescribing a judge or judgment that is rigorously, inflexibly, and sternly just. The term implies a strict...
• RICOThe Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, a federal statute designed to combat organized crime...
• RiderAn amendment or addition to a document, such as a contract, insurance policy, or legislative bill, that...
• RifleA firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, featuring a barrel with internal spiral grooves (rifling)...
• RightA legally recognized and protected power, privilege, or interest that an individual holds, which others have...
• Right of dispositionThe legal authority of an owner to transfer, sell, gift, or otherwise alienate their property to another...
• Right of entryA legal power retained by a grantor of an estate in land, allowing them to repossess the property if a...
• Right of redemptionThe legal right of a mortgagor or debtor to reclaim property that has been foreclosed or seized, by paying...
• Right of representationA principle in inheritance law where the descendants of a deceased heir inherit the share that their ancestor...
• Right of survivorshipA legal characteristic of certain co-ownership arrangements, such as joint tenancy, where a deceased owner's...
• Right of wayA legal right, established by grant or usage, allowing one party to pass across the land of another. In...
• Right to assembleA fundamental liberty allowing individuals to gather peacefully in public or private places for expressive...
• Right to cancel (a contract)A legal entitlement, often granted by statute or contract, that allows a party to terminate an agreement...
• Right to confront witnessA defendant's constitutional guarantee to face their accusers in court and subject them to cross-examination...
• Right to counselA constitutional guarantee that an individual accused of a crime has the assistance of an attorney for their...
• Right to jury trialA constitutional guarantee that allows individuals accused of serious crimes or involved in certain civil...
• Right to petitionA fundamental civil liberty that allows individuals to formally request action or express grievances to their...
• Right to privacyA concept recognizing an individual's entitlement to be free from unwarranted governmental or public...
• Right to sue letterAn official notification issued by a government agency, such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission...
• Right to work stateA state that has enacted laws prohibiting agreements between employers and labor unions that require...
• Rights, see Right
• RiotA public disturbance involving an assemblage of three or more persons who, acting in concert, engage in...
• RiparianDescribing land or property that is located alongside a natural watercourse, such as a river, stream, or...
• Riparian doctrineA system of water law that grants landowners whose property abuts a natural watercourse the right to use the...
• Riparian rightsThe legal entitlements of landowners whose property borders a natural body of water, such as a river, stream...
• RipeDescribing a legal dispute or issue that is ready for judicial review because all necessary preconditions...
• RiskThe possibility of suffering harm or loss, often quantified by the probability of an event occurring and the...
• Risk factorsSpecific conditions, circumstances, or events that increase the likelihood or severity of a negative outcome...
• Risk of lossThe legal determination of which party bears the financial responsibility for damage or destruction of goods...
• RoadshowA series of presentations made by a company's management to potential investors, typically institutional...
• Roadside testA series of physical and mental exercises administered by law enforcement officers to assess a driver's...
• RobberyThe felonious taking of personal property from another person, or in their presence, against their will, by...
• Rogatory lettersA formal request from a court in one country to a court in another country for judicial assistance, typically...
• Roll overTo transfer funds or assets from one investment vehicle or account to another, often to defer taxes or...
• Roth v. United States (1957)A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established a new standard for determining obscenity, which is not...
• RoutA common law offense involving three or more persons who assemble with the intent to commit an unlawful act...
• RoyaltyA payment made to the owner of an asset for the right to use that asset. In intellectual property law...
• RuleA principle or regulation governing conduct, procedure, or action, established by an authority or custom. In...
• Rule 144AAn SEC regulation that permits the private resale of certain unregistered securities to sophisticated...
• Rule 504A regulation under the Securities Act of 1933 that provides an exemption from registration requirements for...
• Rule 506A provision under Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933 that permits companies to offer and sell...
• Rule against perpetuitiesA common law principle that prevents property interests from being tied up indefinitely in the future...
• Rule in Shelley's CaseAn archaic common law rule of property that merged a life estate and a remainder interest in the same person...
• Rule of doubtA principle of statutory interpretation where, if a law is ambiguous or unclear, the court resolves the...
• Rule of lenityA doctrine requiring that ambiguous criminal statutes be interpreted in favor of the defendant. When a...
• Rule of reasonA legal standard used in antitrust law to determine whether a business practice or agreement unreasonably...
• RulemakingThe process by which administrative agencies create, amend, or repeal regulations, which have the force of...
• Rules, see Rule
• Rules Enabling Act of 1934A federal statute that granted the U.S. Supreme Court the authority to prescribe general rules of practice...
• Rules of courtProcedural regulations that govern the practice and conduct of cases before a specific court or court system...
• RulingA formal decision or order made by a judge or court on a specific point of law or procedure during a legal...
• Running at largeDescribing an animal that is unrestrained and wandering freely, without supervision or control by its owner...
• Running with the landA legal concept describing a covenant or easement that is so closely connected to the land itself that it...

293 of 5,445 terms in Law terminology (MLC-0107). Request the full dataset.