| AABW | Antarctic Bottom Water |
| AAMW | Australasian Mediterranean Water |
| ABI | Advanced Baseline Imager |
| ABL | Atmospheric boundary layer |
| Ac | Altocumulus |
| ACC | Antarctic Circumpolar Current |
| ADCP | Acoustic Doppler current profiler |
| ADEOS | Advanced Earth Observing Satellite |
| ADF | Active Dark Filament |
| AEP | Annual Exceedance Probability |
| AFS | Arch Filament System |
| AGC | Automatic gain control |
| agro-met station | Agricultural meteorological station |
| AHD | Area Hydrologic Discussion |
| AHPS | Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service |
| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| AIREP | Air report; Aircraft report |
| Amsu | Advanced microwave sounding unit |
| AP | Anomalous propagation |
| API | Antecedent precipitation index |
| APR | Active Prominence Region |
| APT | Automatic picture transmission |
| AR | Active region |
| ARS | Absolute radiation scale |
| ASDAR | Aircraft-to-satellite data relay |
| ASR | Active Surge Region |
| ATN | Advanced TIROS-N |
| ATS | Applications Technology Satellite |
| AVHRR | Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer |
| AXBT | Airborne expendable bathythermograph |
| BDRF | Bidirectional reflection function |
| BL | Boundary layer |
| BRDF | Bidirectional reflectance distribution function |
| BSD | Bright Surge on the Disk |
| BSL | Bright Surge on the Limb |
| BT | Bathythermograph |
| B.T.U | British thermal unit |
| bulk ML model | Bulk mixed layer model |
| bulk SBL growth | Bulk stable boundary layer growth |
| BWER | Bounded weak echo region |
| CAD | Cold Air Damming |
| cal | Large calorie |
| CAPE | Convective available potential energy |
| CAT | Clear-air turbulence |
| CAVT | Constant absolute vorticity trajectory |
| cb | Centibar; Cumulonimbus |
| CBL | Convective boundary layer |
| Cc | Cirrocumulus |
| CCL | Convective condensation level |
| CCN | Cloud condensation nuclei |
| CCN counter | Cloud condensation nuclei counter |
| cd | Candela |
| CDR | Circular depolarization ratio |
| CFCs | Chlorofluorocarbons |
| CFI | Comprehensive Flare Index |
| CFL | Courant-Friederichs-Lewy condition |
| CFLOS | Cloud-free line of sight |
| cgs | Centimeter-gram-second system |
| Ci | Cirrus |
| CIN | Convective inhibition |
| CIR | Co-rotating Interaction Region |
| CISK | Conditional instability of the second kind |
| CLOS | Clear line of sight |
| CLUT | Color look-up table |
| CME | Coronal mass ejection |
| CMP | Central Meridian Passage |
| CRT | Cathode-ray tube |
| Cs | Cirrostratus |
| CTD | Conductivity-temperature-depth profiler |
| CTM | Continuum Storm |
| Cu | Cumulus |
| CW radar | Continuous-wave radar |
| CWF | Coastal Waters Forecast |
| CZCS | Coastal Zone Color Scanner |
| dB | Decibel |
| dB''Z | dBz |
| DCAPE | Downdraft convective available potential energy |
| DCVZ | Denver convergence-vorticity zone |
| DDA | Depth-duration-area value |
| °C | Centigrade temperature scale |
| °F | Fahrenheit temperature scale |
| DERF | Dynamical extended range forecasting |
| DGRF | Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field |
| DIAL thermometer | Differential absorption lidar thermometer |
| DMO | Dependent meteorological office |
| DMSP | Defense Meteorological Satellite Program |
| DSD | Dark Surge on Disk |
| DSF | Disappearing Solar Filament |
| DWOPER | Dynamic Wave Routing Model |
| EAPE | Evaporative available potential energy |
| ECD | Electron capture detection |
| EDDI | Evaporative Demand Drought Index |
| EFR | Emerging Flux Region |
| EHF | Extremely high frequency |
| ELF | Extremely low frequency |
| EOS | Earth Observing System |
| EOSO | End of storm oscillation |
| EPL | Eruptive Prominence on Limb |
| ERBE | Earth Radiation Budget Experiment |
| ERBS | Earth Radiation Budget Satellite |
| ERO | Excessive Rainfall Outlook |
| ERS | European Remote Sensing Satellites |
| ERTS | Earth Resources Technology Satellite |
| EUC | Equatorial Undercurrent |
| EUV | Extreme Ultraviolet |
| eV | Electron volt |
| FEAWP | Field excursion associated with precipitation |
| FFT | Fast Fourier transform |
| FHO | Flood Hazard Outlook |
| FIM | Flood Inundation Mapping |
| FIRO | Forecast-informed reservoir operations |
| FLS | Flood Statement |
| FOV | Field of view |
| FPP scale | Fujita-Pearson scale |
| fropa | Frontal passage |
| F-scale | Fujita scale |
| Gal | Galilei |
| GCM | General circulation model |
| GDD | Growing degree-day |
| GDH | Growing degree-hour |
| GDPS | Global Data Processing System |
| GEFS | Global Ensemble Forecast System |
| GEOSAT | Geodetic Satellite |
| GERB | Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget |
| GF | Radiation fog |
| GHIS | GOES High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder |
| GHz | Gigahertz |
| GLM | Geostationary Lightning Mapper |
| GLOSS | Global Level of the Sea Surface |
| gm cal | Gram calorie |
| GMS | Geostationary Meteorological Satellite |
| GOES | Geostationary operational environmental satellite |
| GOMS | Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| Gr | Grashoff number |
| GRACE | Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment |
| GTS | Global Telecommunications System |
| GVAR | GOES Variable |
| HAND | Height Above the Nearest Drainage |
| HCFCs | Hydrochlorofluorocarbons |
| HCMM Satellite | Heat Capacity Mapping Mission Satellite |
| HEFS | Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast System |
| HES | Hyperspectral Environmental Suite |
| HF | High frequency |
| HFCs | Hydrofluorocarbons |
| HFM | High Flow Magnitude |
| HI | Anticyclone |
| HIRS | High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder |
| hPa | Hectopascal |
| HPD | Hourly Precipitation Data |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| HREF | High Resolution Ensemble Forecast |
| HRPT | High Resolution Picture Transmission |
| HRRR | High Resolution Rapid Refresh |
| IAS | Indicated airspeed |
| IBL | Internal boundary layer |
| IFR | Instrument flight rules |
| IGRF | International Geomagnetic Reference Field |
| IMF | Interplanetary magnetic field |
| IN counter | Ice nuclei counter |
| INSAT | Indian National Satellite System |
| IPP | Interpulse period |
| IPS | International Pyrheliometric Scale |
| IR | Infrared |
| IRIS | Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer |
| ISCCP | International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project |
| ITcal | International Table calorie |
| ITCZ | Intertropical convergence zone |
| ITOS | Improved TIROS Operational System |
| Kcal | Kilogram calorie |
| kHz | Kilohertz |
| kj | Kilojoule |
| LAC | Local area coverage |
| LCL | Lifting condensation level |
| LCL zone | Lifting condensation level zone |
| L&D | Lock & Dam |
| LDR | Linear depolarization ratio |
| LES | Large eddy simulation |
| LEWP | Line echo wave pattern |
| LF | Low frequency |
| LFC | Level of free convection |
| LFM | Limited fine-mesh model |
| LFS | Level of free sink |
| LI | Lifted index |
| LIF | Laser-induced fluorescence |
| LIS | Lightning Imaging Sensor |
| LLJ | Low-level jet |
| LOC | Limit of convection |
| LRIT | Low Rate Information Transmission |
| LSI | Livestock safety index |
| LTE | Local thermodynamic equilibrium |
| LUT | Lookup table |
| MAFOR | Great Lakes Marine Forecast |
| mb | Millibar |
| MCC | Mesoscale convective complex |
| MCS | Mesoscale convective system |
| MCV | Mesoscale convective vortex |
| metsat | Meteorological satellite |
| MF | Medium frequency |
| MHz | Megahertz |
| MIBL | Mechanical internal boundary layer |
| ML | Mixed layer |
| μm | Micrometer |
| MMEFS | Meteorological Model Ensemble River Forecast |
| MMO | Main meteorological office |
| MOS | Model output statistics |
| MPL | Max Parcel Level |
| MRF | Medium-range forecast |
| MRMS | Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor |
| MSE | Mean-square error |
| MSG | Meteosat Second Generation |
| MSL | Mean sea level |
| MSU | Microwave Sounding Unit |
| MTI | Moving-target indication |
| mts system | Meter-tonne-second system |
| MTSAT | Multifunctional Transport Satellite |
| N weather | Instrument weather |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| NADW | North Atlantic Deep Water |
| NAEFS | North American Ensemble Forecast System |
| NAM | North American Mesoscale Forecast System |
| NBM | National Blend of Models |
| NDVI | Normalized Difference Vegetation Index |
| NEC | North Equatorial Current |
| NECC | North Equatorial Countercurrent |
| NHD | National Hydrologic Discussion |
| NMHCs | Nonmethane hydrocarbons |
| NRM | Natural remanent magnetization |
| Ns | Nimbostratus |
| NSCAT | NASA Scatterometer |
| NWM | National Water Model |
| OLS | Operational Linescan System |
| OSSE | Observing systems simulation experiment |
| OSV | Ocean station vessel |
| OTD | Optical Transient Detector |
| PAHs | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| PAN | Peroxyacetyl nitrate |
| PAR | Photosynthetically active radiation |
| PCA | Polar Cap Absorption |
| PCA events | Polar cap absorption events |
| PDSI | Palmer drought severity index |
| PE | Permanent echo |
| P-E index | Precipitation-effectiveness index |
| P-E ratio | Precipitation-evaporation ratio |
| PFAT | Peak Flow Arrival Time |
| pixel | Picture element |
| PMC | Polar mesospheric clouds |
| PMSE | Polar mesospheric summer echoes |
| PNA pattern | Pacific-North American pattern |
| POES | Polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite |
| PORTS | Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System |
| PPI | Plan position indicator |
| PRE | Predecessor rain event |
| PRF | Pulse repetition frequency |
| PRT | Pulse Repetition Time |
| PSC | Polar stratospheric clouds |
| PSI | Pollutant standards index; Poultry stress index |
| PSMSL | Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level |
| psu | Practical salinity units |
| QPE | Quantitative Precipitation Estimate |
| QPF | Quantitative precipitation forecast |
| R2O | Research to Operations |
| RAOB | Radiosonde observation |
| RAREP | Radar report |
| RASS | Radio acoustic sounding system |
| RDF | Radio direction finding |
| RF | Radio frequency |
| RHI | Range-height indicator |
| rmse | Root-mean-square error |
| RMTN | Regional Meteorological Telecommunications Network |
| ROB | Radar observation |
| ROF | Rapid Onset Flooding |
| RPG | Radar Product Generator |
| R&R | Replace and Route |
| RVR | Runway visual range |
| SAC-SMA | Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model |
| SAGE | Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment |
| SAL | Saharan air layer; Salinity |
| SAM | Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement |
| SAMS | Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder |
| SAR | Synthetic aperture radar |
| SARRIS | Synthetic Aperture Radar River Ice Surveillance |
| SBL | Stable boundary layer |
| SBLI | Surface-based lifted index |
| SBUV | Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer |
| Sc | Stratocumulus; Sudden Commencement |
| SCAMS | Scanning Microwave Spectrometer |
| SCAPE | Slantwise convective available potential energy |
| SCMR | Surface Composition Mapping Radiometer |
| SCR | Selective Chopper Radiometer |
| SCV | Submesoscale coherent vortices |
| SeaWiFS | Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor |
| SEC | South Equatorial Current |
| SECC | South Equatorial Countercurrent |
| SEISS | Space Environment In-Situ Suite |
| SEM | Space Environmental Monitor |
| SEVIRI | Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager |
| SHF | Super high frequency |
| SI | Système Internationale |
| SI in all languages | International System of Units |
| SID | Sudden ionospheric disturbance |
| SIRS | Satellite Infrared Spectrometer |
| SIS | Solar Imaging Suite |
| SMMR | Scanning Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer |
| SMO | Supplementary meteorological office |
| SMS | Synchronous Meteorological Satellite |
| SNODAS | Snow Data Assimilation System |
| SNR | Signal-to-noise ratio |
| SPCZ | South Pacific convergence zone |
| SPE | Solar proton event |
| SPoRT | Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition |
| SPoRT-LIS | Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Center - Land Information System |
| SPOT | Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre |
| SREH | Storm-relative environmental helicity |
| SRF | Short-range forecast |
| SSB | Solar Sector Boundary |
| SSM/I | Special Sensor Microwave Imager |
| SSM/T | Special Sensor Microwave Temperature |
| SSU | Stratospheric Sounding Unit |
| St | Stratus |
| STC | Sensitivity time control |
| SWEAT index | Severe weather threat index |
| SWF | Short Wave Fade |
| SXI | Solar X-ray Imager |
| TAS | True airspeed |
| TDWR | Terminal doppler weather radar |
| T-E index | Temperature-efficiency index |
| T-E ratio | Temperature-efficiency ratio |
| THI | Temperature-humidity index; Time-height indicator |
| THIR | Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer |
| TID | Traveling ionospheric disturbances |
| TIROS | Television and Infrared Observation Satellite |
| TKE | Turbulence kinetic energy |
| TLE | Transient luminous event |
| TLM | Tangent linear model |
| TOMS | Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer |
| TOPEX | Ocean Topography Experiment |
| TOS | TIROS Operational System |
| TOVS | TIROS-N'' Operational Vertical Sounder |
| TR tube | Transmit-receive tube |
| TRMM | Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
| T-S curve | Temperature-salinity curve |
| T-S diagram | Temperature-salinity diagram |
| TSI | Total solar irradiance |
| TVS | Tornadic vortex signature |
| TWERLE | Tropical Wind Energy Conversion and Reference Level Experiment |
| TWT | Traveling wave tube |
| UARS | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
| UHF | Ultra high frequency |
| USDM | United States Drought Monitor |
| UT | Universal time |
| UTC | Coordinated Universal Time |
| UV | Ultraviolet radiation |
| VAD | Velocity-azimuth display |
| VAS | VISSR Atmospheric Sounder |
| VFR | Visual flight rules |
| VHF | Ver High Frequency; Very high frequency |
| VIC | Variable Infiltration Capacity |
| VIIRS | Visible Infra-Red Imaging Radiometer |
| VIL | Vertically integrated liquid |
| VISSR | Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer |
| VLES | Very large eddy simulation |
| VLF | Very low frequency |
| VWP | VAD wind profile |
| WBGT | Wet-bulb globe temperature |
| WEFAX | Weather facsimile |
| WER | Weak echo region |
| WISHE | Wind-induced surface heat exchange |
| WL | White Light |
| WSSI Product | Winter storm severity index product |
| XBT | Expendable bathythermograph |