Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: O (257)

• Object traceabilityThe ability to follow an item, whether a sample, a reagent or a reference material, through its recorded...
• Objective environmentThe external surroundings of an organism, encompassing all physical, chemical, and biological factors that...
• Observation frequencyThe specific frequency at which a spectroscopic measurement is performed, particularly in techniques like...
• Observation heightThe vertical distance from the top surface of a nebulizer-burner system to the center of the volume element...
• Observation pathlengthThe length of the path that a beam of radiation travels through the absorbing or emitting medium...
• Observation spaceThe region within a flame or plasma where the analytical signal is measured in atomic spectrometry. It is...
• Observation volumeThe specific three-dimensional region within a sample or analytical device from which a detectable signal...
• Observed interface widthThe measured thickness of the transition region between two distinct materials or layers in a sample, as...
• Obstructive hydrocephalusA condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's...
• ObviousnessA patent-law test of whether the differences between a claimed invention and the prior art would have been...
• Occipital lobeA region of the cerebral cortex located at the posterior part of the brain, primarily responsible for...
• OcciputThe posterior part of the head or skull, specifically referring to the back of the cranium. This region...
• Occluded particleA particle made of two polymers in which one polymer appears as several separate phase domains embedded in a...
• OcclusionThe process by which impurities are trapped within a growing crystal lattice during precipitation from a...
• Occult bloodBlood present in stool or other bodily secretions in amounts too small to be visible to the naked eye. Its...
• Occupational environmentThe sum of all external conditions and influences present in a workplace that can affect the health and...
• Occupational exposureThe contact of a worker with a chemical, physical, or biological agent encountered in the workplace during...
• Occupational exposure limitA regulatory threshold for the concentration of a substance in the air of a workplace, established to protect...
• Occupational exposure standardA regulatory limit for the concentration of a hazardous substance in the air of a workplace, designed to...
• Occupational hygieneThe discipline dedicated to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of environmental factors...
• Occupational medicineA medical specialty focused on the prevention and treatment of work-related injuries and illnesses, and the...
• Occupied bandAn energy band in a solid material, such as a polymer, where electrons are present and fill the available...
• Octahedro-A prefix placed in names to indicate that six atoms form an octahedron, the solid with six vertices and eight...
• Octanol-air partition coefficientA dimensionless ratio that describes how a chemical distributes itself between octanol and air at...
• Octanol-water partition coefficientThe ratio of the concentration of a chemical in n-octanol to its concentration in water at equilibrium, at a...
• Octanol-water partition ratioThe ratio of the concentration of a chemical in n-octanol to its concentration in water at equilibrium and a...
• OctavesA doubling interval on a logarithmic scale. In acoustics and spectroscopy, one octave is a doubling of...
• OcularRelating to or affecting the eye, its structures, or the sense of sight. In toxicology, this descriptor is...
• Odd-electron ionAn ion containing an unpaired electron in its ground electronic state or in one of its excited states. This...
• OddsThe ratio of the probability of an event occurring to the probability of it not occurring. In toxicology and...
• Odds ratioA measure of association between an exposure and an outcome, representing the ratio of the odds of the...
• OdontoblastA cell of neural crest origin located at the periphery of the dental pulp, responsible for the formation of...
• Odor thresholdThe lowest airborne concentration of a substance that a stated fraction of a human population, often half of...
• Odour thresholdThe minimum concentration of a substance in the air that can be detected by the human sense of smell. This...
• Off-gel isoelectric focusingA method for separating proteins or peptides based on their isoelectric points, performed in solution rather...
• Off-rateThe dissociation rate constant (k_off) describing the rate at which a ligand detaches from its binding...
• Off-specular X-ray reflectometryAn X-ray scattering technique that measures the intensity of X-rays reflected at angles slightly different...
• Off-target effectAn unintended biological activity of a drug or chemical compound on a molecule other than its primary...
• OhmThe SI derived unit of electrical resistance, defined as the resistance between two points of a conductor...
• Ohmic contactAn electrical junction between two materials, such as a metal and a semiconductor, that exhibits a linear and...
• OintmentA semisolid pharmaceutical preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. It...
• Oklo natural reactorsA series of sites in Gabon where self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions occurred naturally approximately...
• OKT3A murine monoclonal antibody that targets the CD3 receptor complex on the surface of human T-lymphocytes...
• OLEDAn organic light-emitting diode, a solid-state device that emits light when an electric current passes...
• OlefinsA class of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond...
• OlfA unit of scent emission, equal to that of an average person, taken as a sitting adult with 1.8 m2 of skin...
• OlfactionThe sense of smell, which is the physiological function of detecting and perceiving airborne chemical...
• OlfactometerAn instrument designed to present controlled concentrations of odorants to a subject for the purpose of...
• Olfactory bulbA neural structure located in the forebrain of vertebrates that receives olfactory information from the nasal...
• OligoA prefix derived from Greek, meaning 'few' or 'small'. In chemistry, it is used to denote a polymer or...
• OligoclonalDescribing a population of cells, such as lymphocytes, or antibodies that originate from a limited number of...
• OligodactylyA congenital malformation characterized by the presence of fewer than the normal number of digits on a hand...
• OligodendrocyteA type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS) that produces myelin, a fatty substance...
• OligodendrogliomaA type of primary brain tumor that originates from oligodendrocytes, the glial cells responsible for...
• OligodontiaA congenital condition characterized by the developmental absence of six or more teeth, excluding the third...
• OligomenomenorrheaA condition of menstrual cycle irregularity characterized by infrequent and light menstruation. It combines...
• OligomerA molecule of intermediate relative molecular mass, comprising a small number of monomeric units. Unlike...
• Oligomer moleculeA molecule of intermediate relative molecular mass, comprising a small number of monomeric units joined...
• OligomerizationA reaction that links monomer molecules into oligomers, chains of only a few repeating units whose size lies...
• OligospermiaA condition in males characterized by a low concentration of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. This reduced sperm...
• OligotrophicDescribing an environment, such as a body of water or soil, that is characterized by a low concentration of...
• OligotrophyThe state or condition of an environment, such as an aquatic ecosystem or soil, that is deficient in...
• OligozoospermiaA medical condition in males characterized by a low concentration of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid. This...
• OliguriaA medical condition characterized by the production of an abnormally small amount of urine by the kidneys...
• OmentumA fold of peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, that extends from the stomach and drapes over...
• -Omics, -omesSuffixes used to denote fields of study concerning the totality of a specific class of biological molecules...
• OmphaloceleA congenital birth defect in which some abdominal organs protrude outside the body through an opening in the...
• OmphalositeA type of parasitic twin in which one twin, the omphalosite, is severely underdeveloped and dependent on the...
• Oncofetal antigenA protein that is expressed in high concentrations during fetal development, is present at very low levels in...
• OncogenesisThe complex process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells, involving a series of genetic...
• OncogenicDescribing an agent, substance, or process that has the ability to induce tumor formation or promote the...
• One-bond-flipA mechanism of E/Z photoisomerization in which a single C=C double bond of a conjugated system twists through...
• One-class classificationA chemometric modeling approach used to define the boundaries of a single, well-characterized class of...
• One-compartment modelA pharmacokinetic model that assumes the entire body acts as a single, well-mixed compartment for a drug...
• One-generation reprotox studyA toxicology study designed to assess the effects of a substance on the reproductive performance of one...
• One-hit modelA mathematical model used in toxicology to describe the dose-response relationship for certain biological...
• One-photon photochromismThe reversible transformation of a chemical species between two forms with different absorption spectra...
• Onion morphologyA specific type of phase-separated morphology observed in multiphase polymer systems, characterized by...
• Onium compoundsCations formed by the formal addition of a proton or an organic group to a neutral parent hydride, resulting...
• On-line extractionAn extraction process where the extraction device is directly coupled to an analytical instrument, allowing...
• On-rateThe rate at which a ligand binds to its receptor or target molecule, representing the association kinetics of...
• Onset of drug actionThe time interval between the administration of a drug and the first observable therapeutic effect. This...
• OnycholysisThe detachment of a nail from its nail bed, starting at the distal or lateral free edge and progressing...
• OocyteAn immature female germ cell that undergoes meiosis to form an ovum. Primary oocytes are arrested in prophase...
• OogenesisThe biological process of forming a mature ovum (egg cell) from a germline stem cell within the ovary. This...
• OogoniumA primordial germ cell in the female reproductive system that undergoes mitotic division to produce primary...
• Open circuit potentialThe electrical potential difference between a working electrode and a reference electrode when no net current...
• Open field testA behavioral assay used in neurotoxicology and pharmacology to assess locomotor activity, exploration, and...
• Open filmA film that can exchange mass with the coexisting bulk phases for all of its components. A partly open film...
• Open hearth furnaceA type of metallurgical furnace used for making steel, characterized by a shallow, open-hearth design where...
• Open reading frameA continuous sequence of codons in a DNA or RNA molecule that has the potential to be translated into a...
• Open-shell systemsMolecular or atomic systems that possess one or more unpaired electrons in their highest occupied molecular...
• Open-tubular columnA type of chromatographic column where the stationary phase is coated on the inner wall of a narrow-bore...
• Open-vessel acid digestionA sample preparation method for elemental analysis where a sample is dissolved or decomposed in an acid...
• Operant conditioningA type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences. Behaviors followed by...
• Operational pH cellAn electrochemical cell specifically assembled for the practical measurement of pH. It consists of a...
• Operational pH standardA buffer solution with a precisely known pH value, used to calibrate pH meters and electrodes for routine...
• OperonA functional unit of DNA containing a group of genes whose transcription is coordinated by a single...
• Opiate receptorA class of G protein-coupled receptors located primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and digestive tract...
• OpioidAny psychoactive chemical that produces opiate-like effects by binding to opioid receptors in the central...
• OpiumThe dried latex obtained from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, containing a mixture of alkaloids such as...
• O-polysaccharideA component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is a...
• Opposing reactionsChemical reactions that proceed in both forward and reverse directions simultaneously, eventually reaching a...
• OpsonizationA process by which pathogens or other foreign particles are marked for destruction by phagocytes. This...
• OpticRelating to the eye or the sense of vision, particularly concerning the structures involved in sight. In...
• Optical absorption depthThe distance within a material at which the intensity of incident electromagnetic radiation decreases to 1/e...
• Optical activityThe ability of a chiral substance to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light as it passes through the...
• Optical constantsPhysical properties of a material that describe its interaction with electromagnetic radiation, specifically...
• Optical emission spectroscopyAn analytical technique that measures the intensity of light emitted by excited atoms or ions in a sample to...
• Optical filterA device that selectively transmits light of certain wavelengths while blocking others. Filters are used to...
• Optical multi-channel analyserAn instrument that simultaneously detects and measures light intensity across a range of wavelengths. It...
• Optical null double beam spectrometerAn instrument that measures the ratio of two radiant powers by adjusting a calibrated attenuator in the...
• Optical parametric amplificationA nonlinear optical process where a signal photon and an idler photon are generated from a pump photon in a...
• Optical parametric oscillatorA laser-like device that generates coherent, tunable light at new frequencies through optical parametric...
• Optical path differenceThe difference in optical path length between two electromagnetic radiation waves that have traveled through...
• Optical purityA measure of the enantiomeric excess of a chiral substance, determined by comparing the observed optical...
• Optical rotatory dispersionThe phenomenon where the optical rotation of a chiral substance changes as a function of the wavelength of...
• Optical rotatory powerThe ability of a chiral substance to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light as it passes through the...
• Optical spectroscopyThe study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation in the optical region (ultraviolet, visible...
• Optical throughputA measure of the light-gathering power of an optical instrument, representing the product of the area of the...
• Optical yieldA measure of how faithfully chirality is transferred in a reaction: the optical purity of the product divided...
• Optical-beam errorAn absorbance error in spectrophotometry that arises from the geometry of the radiation beam and not from the...
• Optically active polymerA polymer that possesses the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light, due to the presence of...
• Optically detected magnetic resonanceA spectroscopic technique that combines optical excitation and detection with microwave irradiation to study...
• Optically labileDescribing a chiral compound that readily undergoes racemization or epimerization, leading to a loss of its...
• Optically nonlinear polymerA polymer material that exhibits a non-linear response to intense electromagnetic radiation, meaning its...
• Optimal stress responseA physiological or behavioral adjustment by an organism to environmental stressors that maximizes its fitness...
• Optimal-foraging theoryA model that predicts how an animal forages to maximize its net energy intake per unit time, balancing the...
• Optimisation of extractionThe process of systematically adjusting experimental parameters to achieve the most efficient and effective...
• OptimizationThe process of finding the best set of conditions or parameters for a chemical process or analytical method...
• Optoacoustic spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that detects the acoustic waves generated when a sample absorbs modulated or pulsed...
• OptoelectronicsA field of technology that deals with the interaction of light and electronic devices, encompassing the study...
• Oral toleranceA state of systemic immunological unresponsiveness to an antigen that has been administered via the oral...
• Oral vaccinationThe administration of a vaccine by mouth to induce an immune response. This method is designed to stimulate...
• OrbitThe bony socket in a vertebrate skull, formed in humans by seven bones, that houses the eyeball together with...
• OrbitalA mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom or molecule, defining...
• Orbital energyThe eigenvalue of the one-electron effective Hamiltonian for a given orbital, giving the energy of an...
• Orbital steeringA concept suggesting that the spatial orientation of reacting orbitals can significantly influence the rate...
• Orbital symmetryA property of molecular orbitals describing their behavior under symmetry operations of the molecule, such as...
• Order of reactionThe exponent to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the experimentally determined rate law for...
• Order parameterA macroscopic quantity that characterizes the degree of order in a system undergoing a phase transition. Its...
• Order-disorder transitionA phase transition in which a system changes from an ordered state to a disordered state, or vice versa...
• Ordered co-continuous double gyroid morphologyA complex three-dimensional nanostructure observed in block copolymers, characterized by two interwoven...
• Ordinary least squares regressionA statistical method for estimating the unknown coefficients in a linear regression model. The procedure...
• Ordinary waveOne of two independent plane-polarized waves that propagate through an anisotropic medium, such as a...
• Organ doseThe absorbed dose of radiation received by a specific organ or tissue within the body. This measurement...
• Organ of CortiThe sensory epithelium located within the cochlea of the inner ear, responsible for hearing. It contains hair...
• OrganelleA specialized subunit within a cell that performs a specific function, analogous to an organ in the body...
• Organelles, see Organelle
• Organic carbon partition coefficientA measure of the tendency of a chemical to partition between organic carbon in soil or sediment and water. It...
• Organic dye laserA laser that uses an organic dye solution as its gain medium, capable of producing tunable laser light over a...
• Organic psychosisA severe mental disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, and...
• Organically modified silicaA hybrid material consisting of a silica network that has been chemically modified by the incorporation of...
• Organically-modified ceramicA hybrid material that is a crosslinked inorganic-organic polymer, in which inorganic and organic parts are...
• Organic-inorganic polymerA polymer or polymer network whose backbone consists only of carbon atoms but whose side groups include...
• OrganizationA body or group of people with a particular purpose, such as a company, institution, or association, that...
• Organobismuthane-mediated radical polymerizationA reversible-deactivation radical polymerization technique that uses organobismuth compounds as chain...
• OrganocatalysisA form of catalysis that uses a small, metal-free organic molecule to accelerate a chemical reaction. The...
• OrganogenesisThe process of organ formation during embryonic development, following gastrulation. During this period, the...
• Organoheteryl groupsUnivalent organic groups that contain carbon but carry their free valence on an atom other than carbon, such...
• OrganolepticRelating to the sensory properties of a substance, perceived through the senses of sight, smell, taste...
• Organometallic compoundsMolecules that possess one or more bonds between a carbon atom and a metal atom. The metal can be an alkali...
• Organometallic-mediated radical polymerizationA reversible-deactivation radical polymerization in which an organometallic species reversibly forms a...
• OrganophilicDescribing a substance or surface that has a strong affinity for organic, nonpolar solvents and molecules...
• Organophilic interactionA type of attractive force or affinity between a substance and organic compounds, often characterized by...
• OrganophosphateAn ester of phosphoric acid, characterized by a central phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with one...
• Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathyA neurological disorder characterized by degeneration of axons and myelin in the peripheral and central...
• Organostibane-mediated radical polymerizationA form of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization where an organostibane compound acts as the agent...
• Organyl groupsAny organic substituent group, whatever its functional type, that has its single free valence on a carbon...
• Orientation parameterA quantitative measure describing the average alignment of anisotropic structural units, such as polymer...
• Orientational disorderA state in a crystalline or semicrystalline polymer where the constituent molecules or their segments lack a...
• Origin of replicationA specific sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) where replication of a chromosome or plasmid begins. This...
• Orofacial cleftA congenital malformation characterized by a gap or split in the lip, palate, or both, resulting from...
• Orphan diseaseA medical condition affecting a very small proportion of the population. Due to the limited number of...
• Orphan drugA pharmaceutical agent developed to treat a rare disease, also known as an orphan disease. Governments often...
• Orphan receptorA receptor for which the endogenous ligand has not yet been identified. These receptors are discovered...
• Ortho acidsThe formal addition products of water to the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid, resulting in a structure...
• Ortho amidesCompounds possessing a carbon atom attached to three amino groups or substituted amino groups, having the...
• Ortho- and peri-fusedA polycyclic ring system in which one ring shares exactly two atoms, a single bond, with each of two or more...
• Ortho estersOrganic compounds formally derived from an ester by replacing the carbonyl oxygen with two alkoxy groups...
• Ortho-fusedDescribing a polycyclic system where two rings share exactly two adjacent atoms, forming a common bond. This...
• Orthogonal electrosprayAn electrospray ionization technique where the electrospray plume is directed perpendicular to the axis of...
• Orthogonal extractionA method used in mass spectrometry to extract ions from a continuous ion beam into a pulsed ion beam...
• Orthogonal projections to latent structuresA multivariate statistical method that separates the variation in the X-matrix (predictors) into two parts...
• Orthokinetic aggregationThe process of particle aggregation in a colloidal system driven by shear forces or fluid flow, where...
• Orthokinetic coagulationThe aggregation of colloidal particles in a flowing fluid due to collisions induced by the velocity gradients...
• Orthosteric siteThe primary binding site on a receptor where the endogenous ligand normally interacts to produce a...
• OsazonesDerivatives of sugars formed by the reaction of an aldose or ketose with an excess of phenylhydrazine...
• Oscillating reactionA chemical reaction system in which the concentrations of one or more reactants, products, or intermediates...
• Oscillator strengthA dimensionless quantity representing the probability of an electronic transition occurring between two...
• OsmolalityA measure of the concentration of solute particles per unit mass of solvent, expressed in osmoles per...
• OsmometerAn instrument designed to measure the osmotic pressure of a solution, typically used to determine the...
• OsmometryA technique used to determine the number-average molar mass of polymers by measuring the osmotic pressure of...
• OsmophobiaA heightened sensitivity or aversion to odors, where smells are perceived as excessively strong, unpleasant...
• Osmotic coefficientA dimensionless quantity that measures the deviation of the colligative properties of a real solution from...
• Osmotic concentrationThe concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as the number of osmoles of solute...
• Osmotic pressureThe hydrostatic pressure required to prevent the net flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable...
• Osmotic virial coefficientA coefficient in the virial expansion of osmotic pressure, which accounts for the non-ideal behavior of...
• OsonesAn obsolescent name for 1,2-dicarbonyl sugar derivatives (1,2-ketoaldoses) with an aldehyde group at C-1 and...
• OsotriazolesA class of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives formed from the oxidation of osazones, which are themselves derived...
• OsteoblastA specialized cell responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during both initial bone...
• OsteoclastA large, multinucleated cell responsible for the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue. These cells are...
• OsteodystrophyA condition characterized by defective bone development and maintenance. It encompasses a group of bone...
• OsteogenesisThe biological process of bone formation, also known as ossification. This complex process involves the...
• OsteomalaciaA condition characterized by the softening of bones due to defective mineralization of the bone matrix, often...
• OsteoporosisA systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone...
• OstiumA small opening or mouth, particularly referring to an orifice that connects two anatomical structures or...
• Ostwald coefficientA dimensionless solubility measure equal to the volume of a gas dissolved in a liquid, with the gas volume...
• Ostwald ripeningA process observed in dispersed systems where larger particles grow at the expense of smaller particles due...
• OticRelating to, or located in or near, the ear. The term is used in pharmacology to describe a route of...
• OtocephalyA rare and severe congenital malformation characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the mandible, a...
• Ouchterlony techniqueA double immunodiffusion method used to detect and identify antibodies and antigens by observing precipitin...
• Outer electric potentialThe electric potential at a point just outside the surface of a phase, representing the work done per unit...
• Outer Helmholtz planeA plane in the electrical double layer marking the closest approach of non-specifically adsorbed, solvated...
• Outer-sphere electron transferA mechanism of electron transfer between two chemical species where the electron moves directly from the...
• Outer-sphere electron transfer ATRPA mechanism in atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) where electron transfer between the dormant...
• OutgassingThe release of adsorbed or absorbed gases from a material, typically occurring when the material is exposed...
• Out-of-control criteriaA set of predefined rules or statistical thresholds used to determine when a process, such as an analytical...
• Out-of-plane bending coordinateA vibrational coordinate describing the displacement of an atom or group of atoms perpendicular to a defined...
• Output rateThe quantity of processed material or analytical results produced by an automated or mechanized analytical...
• Out-scatteringThe process by which radiation is removed from a beam due to scattering events, where photons or particles...
• Ovarian cycleThe series of events that occur in the ovaries, leading to the maturation and release of an ovum, and the...
• Ovarian follicleA fluid-filled sac within the ovary that contains an immature egg cell, or oocyte. These structures develop...
• OvaryA primary female reproductive gland responsible for producing ova (eggs) and female sex hormones, such as...
• Overall efficiency of atomizationThe fraction of analyte atoms introduced into an atomic spectroscopic instrument that are converted into...
• Overlap integralA mathematical integral that quantifies the extent to which two atomic or molecular orbitals occupy the same...
• OverpotentialThe difference between the actual potential at which an electrochemical reaction occurs and the reversible...
• Overtone transitionA vibrational transition in a molecule where the change in vibrational quantum number is greater than one...
• OvertrainingA phenomenon in machine learning where a model learns the training data too well, capturing noise and...
• OvicideA chemical substance or agent specifically designed to destroy the eggs of insects, mites, or other pests...
• OvotestisA gonad containing both ovarian and testicular tissue, capable of producing both ova and sperm. This...
• OvulationThe process by which a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovarian follicle into the fallopian tube, where...
• OvumA mature female gamete, or egg cell, capable of fertilization by a sperm to form a zygote. It is the largest...
• Oxa-di-π-methane rearrangementA photochemical reaction involving a 1,4-diene system containing an oxygen atom within the diene framework...
• OxidantA chemical substance that accepts electrons from another species in a redox reaction, thereby becoming...
• OxidationA chemical process involving the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion, resulting in an increase in...
• Oxidation numberA number assigned to an atom in a molecule or ion that represents the hypothetical charge it would have if...
• Oxidation stateA number assigned to an atom in a compound that represents its hypothetical charge if all bonds were ionic...
• Oxidative additionA reaction in which a metal complex reacts with a substrate, leading to an increase in both the coordination...
• Oxidative couplingA chemical reaction where two molecular entities are joined together through the formation of a new bond...
• Oxidative stressAn imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the biological system...
• Oxide networkA three-dimensional structure formed by the covalent bonding of metal or metalloid oxide units. These...
• Oxidized speciesA chemical entity that has lost one or more electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction, resulting in an...
• OxidoreductasesA class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, facilitating the movement of electrons from a...
• Oxime O-ethersOrganic compounds derived from oximes where the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a...
• OximesOrganic compounds characterized by the functional group C=N-OH, formed by the condensation reaction of an...
• Oxo carboxylic acidsCarboxylic acids that contain one or more carbonyl groups in the carbon chain or ring, in addition to the...
• Oxo compoundsOrganic compounds containing a carbonyl group, C=O, which can be part of an aldehyde, ketone, or quinone...
• OxoacidsAn old general name for acids whose acidic hydrogen is bound to oxygen, in a molecule that also contains a...
• OxocarbonsSubstances whose molecules or ions contain only carbon and oxygen. The simplest are carbon monoxide, carbon...
• Oxonium ionsCations containing a trivalent oxygen atom that bears a positive formal charge, with the general formula...
• Oxonium ylidesDipolar chemical species in which a negatively charged carbon atom (a carbanion) is directly attached to a...
• Oxygen-flask combustionA sample decomposition method for organic materials in which the sample is burned in a closed flask filled...
• Oxylium ionsCations of the form RO+, in which an oxygen atom bearing a single substituent carries the positive charge and...
• OxytocinA peptide hormone and neuropeptide composed of nine amino acids, synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored...
• Ozone holeA region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic, occurring annually during...
• Ozone layerA region within Earth's stratosphere characterized by a relatively high concentration of ozone (O3)...
• OzonidesCyclic organic compounds formed as intermediates in the ozonolysis reaction of alkenes. They contain a...

257 of 13,676 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.