Meteorology and atmospheric science terminology · MLC-0110

Meteorology and atmospheric science terms: M (631)

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• M 3000In solar-terrestrial terms, the optimum high frequency radio wave with a 3000 km range, which reflects only...
• M2/S2m^2/s^2 (meters squared per second squared), unit of measure equivalent to J/kg (joules per kilogram).
• Mach numberThe ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. In atmospheric science, it is...
• Machine learningA field of artificial intelligence that enables computer systems to learn from data without explicit...
• Mackeral SkyThe name given to cirrocumulus clouds with small vertical extent and composed of ice crystals. The rippled...
• Mackerel skyA sky pattern characterized by rows of small, white, cirrocumulus or altocumulus clouds, resembling the...
• MacroburstA large-scale downburst of wind, typically exceeding 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) in diameter, originating from a...
• MacroclimateThe general climate of a large geographical region, such as a continent or a major ocean basin, encompassing...
• MacroclimatologyThe study of the climate of large geographical areas, focusing on broad atmospheric circulation patterns...
• MacrometeorologyThe branch of meteorology that deals with atmospheric phenomena on a large spatial scale, typically covering...
• MacroscaleDescribing atmospheric phenomena that occur over large geographic areas, typically hundreds to thousands of...
• MacroviscosityThe apparent viscosity of a fluid on a large scale, arising from the momentum transfer by turbulent eddies...
• Madden-Julian oscillationA major fluctuation in tropical weather that propagates eastward around the globe, characterized by a...
• MaelstromA powerful and violent whirlpool, a term used metaphorically in meteorology to describe a large, turbulent...
• MaestroA type of severe thunderstorm that exhibits a rotating updraft, often leading to the formation of tornadoes...
• MAFOR(Great Lakes Marine Forecast) - A National Weather Service coded summary appended to each of the Great Lakes...
• MagflareIn solar-terrestrial terms, a geomagnetic and/or cosmic storm has been associated with this flare
• Magmatic waterWater that is dissolved within molten rock or magma located beneath the Earth's surface. This water is...
• Magnetic bayIn solar-terrestrial terms, a relatively smooth excursion of the H (horizontal) component of the geomagnetic...
• Magnetic dipoleA fundamental magnetic entity characterized by two poles of opposite polarity, analogous to an electric...
• Magnetic field intensityA measure of the strength of a magnetic field at a given point, representing the force exerted on a unit...
• Magnetic inductionThe magnetic field strength, also known as magnetic flux density, which describes the force exerted on moving...
• Magnetic lines of forceImaginary lines used to visualize the direction and strength of a magnetic field, originating from the north...
• Magnetic northThe direction indicated by a compass needle, which aligns with the Earth's magnetic field lines. This...
• Magnetic stormA period of rapid and intense variation in the Earth's magnetic field, caused by the interaction of the...
• Magneto anemometerAn instrument used to measure wind speed and direction by detecting changes in a magnetic field caused by the...
• MagnetogramIn solar-terrestrial terms, solar magnetograms are a graphic representation of solar magnetic field strengths...
• MagnetographAn instrument designed to continuously record variations in the Earth's magnetic field or the magnetic fields...
• Magnetohydrodynamic waveA type of wave that propagates through an electrically conducting fluid, such as plasma, in the presence of a...
• MagnetohydrodynamicsThe study of the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids in the presence of magnetic fields. This field...
• Magneto-ionic theoryA theoretical framework describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a plasma that is...
• MagnetometerAn instrument designed to measure the strength and direction of a magnetic field. In atmospheric science...
• MagnetopauseThe boundary in space between the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind. This region is formed where the...
• MagnetosphereA region of space surrounding a celestial body where the motion of charged particles is primarily controlled...
• Magnetospheric convectionThe large-scale circulation of plasma within Earth's magnetosphere, driven by the interaction of the solar...
• MagnetronA high-power vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a strong magnetic field with a...
• Main lobeThe primary direction of radiation or reception for an antenna, representing the region where the antenna's...
• Main meteorological officeA primary operational center responsible for providing meteorological services within a specific region or...
• Main stemIn hydrologic terms, the reach of a river/stream formed by the tributaries that flow into it.
• Main synoptic timesThe times of 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC. Also known as the standard synoptic times.
• MAINTMaintain
• Major flareIn solar-terrestrial terms, this flare is the basis for the forecast of geomagstorm, cosmic storm and/or...
• Major floodingA general term including extensive inundation and property damage. (Usually characterized by the evacuation...
• Major hurricaneA hurricane which reaches Category 3 (sustained winds greater than 110 mph) on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane...
• Major ridgeAn elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure, characterized by an outward bulging of isobars or...
• Maloja windA local wind that flows down the Engadine Valley in Switzerland, particularly noticeable near the Maloja...
• MALRMoist Adiabatic Lapse Rate- The rate at which the temperature of a parcel of saturated air decreases as the...
• Malvinas CurrentA cold ocean current that flows northward along the Patagonian shelf of South America, originating from the...
• MamateleA local name for a strong, dry, and warm wind blowing from the southeast over the Balearic Islands...
• MammaA supplementary cloud feature characterized by hanging, pouch-like protuberances on the underside of a cloud...
• Mammatus cloudsRounded, smooth, sack-like protrusions hanging from the underside of a cloud (usually a thunderstorm anvil)...
• Mandatory layerA specific atmospheric layer for which meteorological observations, such as temperature, humidity, and wind...
• Mandatory levelA specific atmospheric pressure altitude at which meteorological soundings, typically from radiosondes, must...
• Man-machine mixA forecasting approach that combines the computational power of numerical weather prediction models with the...
• Manning equationAn empirical formula used to calculate the velocity of flow in an open channel or conduit. It relates the...
• ManometerAn instrument used for measuring pressure, particularly small pressure differences, by balancing a column of...
• MAPMean Areal Precipitation- The average rainfall over a given area, generally expressed as an average depth...
• Map plottingThe process of transcribing observed meteorological data onto a weather map using standardized symbols and...
• Map projectionA systematic method for representing the curved surface of the Earth or a celestial body onto a flat plane...
• Mapped dataMeteorological information that has been spatially organized and represented on a geographical projection...
• MARC velocity signatureA Doppler radar-velocity based precursor towards forecasting the initial onset of damaging straight-line...
• Marching problemA type of numerical problem where the solution at a future time step or spatial location is computed...
• MAREP(MArine REPort) A voluntary marine observation program of the National Weather Service whose goal is to...
• Mares' tailsWispy, detached streaks of cirrus clouds that resemble a horse's tail. These clouds are composed of ice...
• Mare's trailThe name given to thin, wispy cirrus clouds composed of ice crystals that appear as veil patches or strands...
• Marginal visual flight rules(Abbrev. MVFR) - In an aviation product, refers to the general weather conditions pilots can expect at the...
• Margules's equationA mathematical formula that describes the slope of a frontal boundary separating two air masses with...
• MarigramA continuous graphical record of sea level fluctuations over time, typically produced by a tide gauge. It...
• MarigraphAn instrument designed to continuously record the height of the sea level, also known as a tide gauge. It...
• MarinA local wind that blows from the sea onto the land, particularly along the Mediterranean coast of France...
• Marine barometerA specialized instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure aboard ships and other marine vessels. It...
• Marine climateA type of climate characterized by relatively mild temperatures, high humidity, and abundant precipitation...
• Marine forecastA specialized weather prediction issued for oceanic and coastal waters, providing information relevant to...
• Marine inversionTemperature inversion produced when cold marine air underlies warmer air.
• Marine meteorologyThe branch of meteorology focused on atmospheric conditions over oceans, seas, and coastal areas, and their...
• Marine pushA replacement of the current air mass with air from off the ocean. Temperatures are much cooler and relative...
• Marine radarA type of radar system specifically adapted for use on ships and boats to detect other vessels, landmasses...
• Marine rainbowA rainbow observed over a body of water, formed by the refraction and reflection of sunlight through water...
• Marine small craft thunderstorm advisoryA marine warning issued by Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment Branch when the possibility of...
• Marine small craft wind warningA marine warning issued by Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment Branch for winds which are forecasted...
• Marine thermometerA device used to measure air or sea surface temperature in a marine environment. These thermometers are often...
• Marine weather observationThe collection of meteorological data from oceanic and coastal areas, typically performed by ships, buoys...
• Marine weather statementA National Weather Service product to provide mariners with details on significant or potentially hazardous...
• Marine zoneSpecific, defined over-water areas contained in the various NWS marine forecasts. These are the equivalent of...
• Maritime aerosolTiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere over oceans, primarily composed of sea salt...
• Maritime airAn air mass that originates over an ocean or large body of water, characterized by high humidity and moderate...
• Maritime air massAn air mass influenced by the sea. It is a secondary characteristic of an air mass classification, signified...
• Maritime cloudA cloud formation that develops over oceans or coastal regions, influenced by the moisture and temperature...
• Maritime polar air massAn air mass characterized by cold, moist air. Abbreviated mP.
• Maritime tropical air massAn air mass characterized by warm, moist air. Abbreviated mT.
• Maritime tundraA type of tundra ecosystem found in coastal regions, characterized by its proximity to the ocean and exposure...
• Markov chainA mathematical model describing a sequence of events where the probability of each future state depends only...
• MarkovianDescribing a process or system where the future state depends only on the current state, and not on the...
• MAROBA voluntary marine observation program of the National Weather Service in the early stages of development...
• MARSA voluntary marine observation program of the National Weather Service whereby U.S. Coast Guard Sector...
• Marsden chartA graphical representation of meteorological data, such as wind direction and force, sea surface temperature...
• Marsden squareA geographical grid system used for organizing and referencing marine meteorological and oceanographic data...
• Marshall-palmer relationAn empirical relationship that describes the distribution of raindrop sizes within a given volume of air. It...
• Marvin sunshine recorderA historical instrument used to measure the duration of bright sunshine, consisting of a bimetallic strip...
• Masked frontA frontal boundary in the atmosphere whose presence is not clearly indicated by surface weather observations...
• Mass absorption coefficientA measure of how strongly a substance absorbs electromagnetic radiation per unit mass. It quantifies the...
• Mass accommodation coefficientA dimensionless quantity representing the probability that a gas molecule striking a liquid or solid surface...
• Mass balanceAn accounting principle stating that the total mass of a substance within a defined system remains constant...
• Mass convergenceThe net inflow of air mass into a given atmospheric volume, resulting in an increase in air density within...
• Mass curveA cumulative plot of a hydrologic variable, such as precipitation or streamflow, over time. The slope of the...
• Mass divergenceThe net outflow of air mass from a given volume, resulting in a decrease in air density or downward vertical...
• Mass scattering coefficientA measure of how effectively a unit mass of a substance scatters electromagnetic radiation, such as light...
• Mass spectrometryAn analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify the composition of a...
• Mass transportThe movement of a substance through a medium due to bulk fluid motion or diffusion. In the atmosphere, this...
• MassifA compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits.
• Mass-transfer methodA technique used to estimate the rate of exchange of a substance, such as water vapor or heat, between a...
• MastA tall, slender structure erected to support meteorological instruments at specific heights above the ground...
• Matanuska windA strong, cold, and gusty wind that descends from the Matanuska Valley in Alaska, particularly affecting the...
• Matched filterA signal processing technique designed to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for a known signal embedded in...
• Mathematical climateA theoretical representation of the Earth's climate system based on physical laws and mathematical equations...
• MatinalRelating to or occurring in the morning. The term describes atmospheric phenomena that characteristically...
• Mauka breezeA local wind system in Hawaii that blows from the land towards the mountains, typically occurring during the...
• Maunder minimumA prolonged period of significantly reduced sunspot activity observed between approximately 1645 and 1715...
• MAVAVN MOS Guidance
• MAXMaximum
• Max Parcel LevelThis signifies the highest attainable level that a convective updraft can reach; therefore, it is a good...
• MaximumThe highest value attained by a meteorological variable over a specified period or within a given spatial...
• Maximum contaminant levelThe highest legally permissible concentration of a substance in a public water supply, as determined by a...
• Maximum entropy methodA technique for spectral analysis that estimates a power spectrum from a limited set of autocorrelation data...
• Maximum possible sunshine durationThe theoretical maximum amount of time the sun can shine at a given location on a specific day, assuming no...
• Maximum spillway dischargeIn hydrologic terms, spillway discharge (cfs) when reservoir is at maximum designed water surface elevation.
• Maximum sustained surface windWhen applied to a particular weather system, refers to the highest one-minute average wind (at an elevation...
• Maximum temperatureThe highest air temperature recorded at a specific location during a defined period, most commonly a 24-hour...
• Maximum thermometerA specialized thermometer designed to record the highest temperature reached since its last setting. It...
• Maximum unambiguous rangeThe greatest distance from a radar at which a target's echo can be received and correctly assigned to its...
• Maximum unambiguous velocityThe highest radial velocity that a Doppler radar can measure accurately without encountering aliasing, also...
• Maximum zonal westerliesThe core of the strongest west-to-east winds located in the upper troposphere of the mid-latitudes, forming...
• Maximum-wind levelThe atmospheric height at which wind speeds reach their highest value within a given vertical profile. This...
• Maximum-wind topographyA representation of the spatial distribution of the maximum wind level, often depicted as contours of...
• MAXTHigh temperature for the day. Usually forecast out 7 days in advance.
• Maxwell-Boltzmann distributionA statistical function describing the distribution of speeds for particles in a gas at a specific temperature...
• MBMillibar
• MCCAn abbreviation for Mesoscale Convective Complex, a large, organized system of thunderstorms that forms under...
• MCSMesoscale Convective System. Mesoscale Convective System. A complex of thunderstorms which becomes organized...
• MCVmesoscale cyclonic vortices
• MDMesoscale Discussion- When conditions actually begin to shape up for severe weather, SPC (Storm Prediction...
• MDFYModify
• MDLSmodels
• MDNGTmidnight
• MDTModerate (or) Mountain Daylight Time
• MeanThe average value of a set of meteorological observations, calculated by summing all values and dividing by...
• Mean annual range of temperatureThe average difference between the warmest and coldest monthly mean temperatures over a full year. This value...
• Mean annual temperatureThe average temperature for the entire year at any given location.
• Mean areal precipitation(abbrev. MAP)- The average rainfall over a given area, generally expressed as an average depth over the area.
• Mean chartA meteorological chart that displays the average values of a specific atmospheric variable, such as pressure...
• Mean daily maximum temperature for a monthThe average of all daily maximum temperatures recorded during a specific calendar month. This climatological...
• Mean daily minimum temperature for a monthThe average of all daily minimum temperatures recorded during a specific calendar month. This climatological...
• Mean daily temperatureThe average temperature over a 24-hour period, often calculated as the average of the daily maximum and...
• Mean day-to-day variationThe average absolute difference between a meteorological variable, such as temperature or pressure, on...
• Mean depthIn hydrologic terms, the average depth of water in a stream channel or conduit. It is equal to the...
• Mean deviationA measure of statistical dispersion, calculated as the average of the absolute differences between each data...
• Mean Doppler velocityThe average velocity of hydrometeors, such as rain or snow, moving towards or away from a Doppler radar. This...
• Mean free pathThe average distance a molecule travels between successive collisions with other molecules in a gas. This...
• Mean high waterThe average height of all high tides observed over a specific period, typically 19 years, which constitutes a...
• Mean high water springsA tidal datum representing the long-term average height of the high waters occurring during spring tides...
• Mean higher high waterThe average height of the higher of the two daily high tides measured over a long period, typically the...
• Mean kinetic energyThe average kinetic energy of the molecules within a substance, which is directly proportional to its...
• Mean lifeThe average duration a particle or substance exists before undergoing a transformation or removal from a...
• Mean low waterThe average height of all low tides observed over a specific period, typically 19 years, which constitutes a...
• Mean low water springsThe average height of the low waters that occur at the time of spring tides. Spring tides happen when the sun...
• Mean lower low waterThe average of the lower of the two low waters observed each day over a specific period, typically 19 years...
• Mean monthly maximum temperatureThe average of the daily maximum temperatures for a particular month, calculated over a period of many years...
• Mean monthly minimum temperatureThe average of the daily minimum temperatures for a particular month, calculated over a period of many years...
• Mean sea levelThe average height of the sea surface over a long period, typically 19 years, which is used as a vertical...
• Mean sea level trendsThe long-term change in the average height of the ocean's surface relative to a fixed reference point on...
• Mean solar dayThe average time it takes for the Earth to complete one rotation relative to the mean sun, which is a...
• Mean sphere depthThe theoretical uniform depth the global ocean would have if the solid Earth were a smooth sphere of the same...
• Mean temperatureThe average temperature over a specified period, such as a day, month, or year. This value provides a...
• Mean tide levelThe average height of the water surface over a specific period, typically 19 years, which encompasses a full...
• Mean velocityThe average speed and direction of a fluid flow over a specified area or volume. It is calculated by summing...
• Mean water levelThe average height of the water surface in a body of water, such as a lake, river, or ocean, over a specified...
• Mean wind velocityThe average speed and direction of the wind over a specified time interval, typically 10 minutes for...
• MeanderA sinuous curve or loop in the path of a fluid flow, such as a river or an atmospheric jet stream. In the...
• Meander beltIn hydrologic terms, the area between lines drawn tangential to the extreme limits of fully developed meanders
• Mean-square errorA measure of the average of the squares of the errors, representing the difference between values predicted...
• Measured ceilingThe height above the Earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that covers more...
• Measurement cellA defined volume or area within which atmospheric properties are sampled or averaged by an instrument. The...
• Mechanical dispersionThe spreading of a contaminant or tracer within a fluid due to variations in flow velocity and the tortuosity...
• Mechanical internal boundary layerA layer of air that forms downwind of a change in surface roughness, such as from water to land or from a...
• Mechanical mixingThe process of turbulent fluid motion caused by mechanical forces, such as wind shear or convection, rather...
• Mechanical turbulenceIrregular, chaotic fluid motion generated by the frictional drag of air flowing over rough surfaces or by...
• MeddyA large, coherent, subsurface eddy of warm, salty water that forms from the outflow of the Mediterranean Sea...
• MedianThe middle value in a dataset when all values are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is an...
• Median volume diameterA statistical measure representing the diameter at which half of the total volume of a collection of...
• MedicaneA Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, characterized by a warm core and often exhibiting features similar to...
• Medieval Warm PeriodA period of relatively mild climate in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly the North Atlantic...
• MediocrisA species of cumulus cloud characterized by moderate vertical development, with tops that are slightly...
• Mediterranean climateA climate type characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This climate is typically found on...
• Mediterranean Deep WaterA dense, warm, and salty water mass formed in the eastern Mediterranean Sea through intense evaporation and...
• Mediterranean frontA quasi-stationary or slow-moving weather front that forms over the Mediterranean Sea, often associated with...
• Mediterranean lensesLarge, lens-shaped, rotating eddies of warm and highly saline water originating from the Mediterranean Sea...
• Mediterranean outflowA deep, warm, and highly saline current of water that exits the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean...
• Mediterranean SeaA large, enclosed sea located between Europe, Africa, and Asia, connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait...
• Mediterranean WaterA distinct water mass characterized by its relatively high temperature and salinity, formed in the...
• Medium frequencyA range of radio frequencies spanning from 300 kilohertz (kHz) to 3 megahertz (MHz). In meteorology, these...
• Medium rangeIn forecasting, (generally) three to seven days in advance.
• Medium-range forecastA weather prediction extending from about three to seven days into the future, providing guidance on general...
• Medium-term hydrological forecastA prediction of water-related variables, such as river flow, water levels, or soil moisture, covering a...
• MegacycleAn extremely long-period cycle, typically spanning millions of years, used in geology and paleoclimatology to...
• MegaflashAn exceptionally long-duration or spatially extensive lightning discharge that can stretch for hundreds of...
• MegahertzA unit of frequency equal to one million hertz (Hz), representing one million cycles per second. This unit is...
• MegathermA plant type adapted to thrive in conditions of continuous high temperature and abundant moisture...
• MegathermalDescribing a climate characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, with no distinct cold season...
• Megathermal climateA climate type characterized by consistently high temperatures throughout the year, typically found in...
• MEGGMerging
• Mei-yu frontA quasi-stationary frontal system that develops over eastern Asia during late spring and early summer...
• Mellor-Yamada parameterizationA set of turbulence closure schemes used in atmospheric and oceanic models to represent the effects of...
• Melt pondA pool of meltwater that forms on the surface of sea ice or glaciers during the warmer months. These ponds...
• MeltémA strong, dry northerly wind that blows across the Aegean Sea, primarily during the summer months. This wind...
• Melting layerA distinct atmospheric region where frozen precipitation, such as snow or ice crystals, transitions into...
• Melting levelThe altitude in the atmosphere where the temperature rises above 0 degrees Celsius, causing frozen...
• Melting pointThe specific temperature at which a solid substance transitions into a liquid state under standard...
• Membership functionA curve or mathematical function that defines how each point in an input space is mapped to a membership...
• MeniscusThe curved surface of a liquid in a narrow tube or container, formed by the interplay of cohesive and...
• MercuryA heavy, silvery-white metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure, historically...
• Mercury barometerAn instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure, consisting of a glass tube sealed at one end and inverted...
• Mercury columnThe vertical extent of mercury within a barometer tube, whose height directly corresponds to the atmospheric...
• Mercury thermometerA temperature-measuring device consisting of a glass tube with a bulb containing mercury, which expands and...
• Mercury-in-glass thermometerA common type of thermometer where mercury is enclosed in a sealed glass tube with a bulb at one end and a...
• Mercury-in-steel thermometerA type of thermometer that measures temperature by the expansion and contraction of mercury contained within...
• MeridianA line of longitude on the Earth's surface, extending from the North Pole to the South Pole, representing a...
• MeridionalRelating to movement or direction along a meridian, which is a line of longitude, typically referring to...
• Meridional cellA large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern characterized by air movement primarily along lines of...
• Meridional circulationThe component of atmospheric or oceanic circulation that involves movement along lines of longitude...
• Meridional exchangeThe transfer of atmospheric properties, such as heat, moisture, or momentum, in a north-south direction...
• Meridional flowAtmospheric or oceanic movement predominantly oriented along a north-south axis, parallel to lines of...
• Meridional frontA weather front oriented predominantly along a north-south axis, rather than the more common west-east...
• Meridional indexA quantitative measure of the strength of the north-south atmospheric circulation in a given region. It...
• Meridional windThe component of the horizontal wind that blows along a meridian, either northward (a positive value) or...
• Meromictic lakeA lake in which layers of water do not mix due to differences in density, often caused by salinity or...
• MESOMesocyclone- A storm-scale region of rotation, typically around 2-6 miles in diameter and often found in the...
• MesoanalysisThe detailed analysis of meteorological data on the mesoscale, which involves phenomena with horizontal...
• MesoanticycloneA relatively small-scale high-pressure system that forms within a larger weather system, such as a squall...
• MesochartA weather map that displays meteorological conditions over a regional area, focusing on features smaller than...
• MesoclimateThe climate of a small, localized area, typically a few square kilometers to tens of square kilometers, which...
• MesoclimatologyThe study of mesoclimates, which are the climatic conditions of localized areas ranging from a few square...
• MesocycloneA rotating updraft within a supercell thunderstorm, typically 2 to 10 kilometers in diameter, characterized...
• Mesocyclone signatureA distinctive pattern observed on Doppler radar that indicates the presence of a mesocyclone within a...
• MesohighA relatively small area of high atmospheric pressure that forms beneath a thunderstorm. It is usually...
• MesolowA small-scale area of relatively low atmospheric pressure that forms within a larger weather system, such as...
• MesometeorologyThe branch of meteorology that studies atmospheric phenomena with horizontal scales ranging from a few...
• MesonetA network of automated surface weather stations designed to provide high-density, real-time meteorological...
• MesopauseThe boundary layer in the Earth's atmosphere that marks the top of the mesosphere and the coldest region of...
• MesophyteA plant that is adapted to grow in environments with moderate moisture conditions, neither extremely wet nor...
• MesoscaleDescribing atmospheric phenomena that occur on spatial scales ranging from a few kilometers to several...
• Mesoscale cellular convectionA pattern of organized convection in the atmospheric boundary layer, characterized by distinct, often...
• Mesoscale convective complexA large, long-lived cluster of thunderstorms that forms under conditions of weak steering winds and high...
• Mesoscale convective systemA complex of thunderstorms that organizes on the mesoscale, typically covering an area of at least 100...
• Mesoscale convective vortexA cyclonic circulation that develops within the stratiform precipitation region of a decaying mesoscale...
• Mesoscale discussionWhen conditions actually begin to shape up for severe weather, SPC (Storm Prediction Center) often issues a...
• Mesoscale disturbanceA perturbation in the atmosphere that occurs on the mesoscale, ranging from a few kilometers to several...
• Mesoscale high windsThese high winds usually follow the passage of organized convective systems and are associated with wake...
• Mesoscale modelA numerical weather prediction model designed to simulate atmospheric processes at the mesoscale, with...
• MesosphereThe layer of the Earth's atmosphere situated above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, extending...
• Mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radarA type of Doppler radar system designed to measure wind velocities and turbulence in the troposphere...
• Mesospheric jetA region of strong zonal winds found in the mesosphere, typically at altitudes between 50 and 85 kilometers...
• MesothermA plant species adapted to thrive in moderate temperature conditions, typically found in subtropical and warm...
• MesothermalDescribing a climate characterized by moderate temperatures, with distinct warm and cool seasons. These...
• Mesothermal climateA climate type characterized by moderate temperatures, lacking the extremes of either tropical heat or polar...
• MessengerA weight, typically made of brass or another non-corrosive metal, that is sent down a wire or cable to...
• MetA common abbreviation for meteorology or meteorological, referring to the science of the atmosphere and its...
• Metallic barometerAn instrument that measures atmospheric pressure using the deformation of an evacuated, flexible metal...
• Metamorphosis of snowThe process of change in the physical properties and structure of snow crystals after deposition, driven by...
• METARA standardized format for reporting routine weather observations at airports and other meteorological...
• MeteogramA graphical depiction of trends in meteorological variables such as temperature, dew point, wind speed and...
• MeteorA streak of light observed in the night sky, produced when a small extraterrestrial particle, known as a...
• Meteor trailThe luminous path of ionized gas and ablated material left behind by a meteoroid as it passes through the...
• Meteoric dustFine particulate matter originating from extraterrestrial sources, such as comets and asteroids, that enters...
• Meteoric waterWater that has recently been in the atmosphere, originating from precipitation such as rain, snow, or hail...
• MeteorogramA graphical representation of the time evolution of one or more meteorological variables for a specific...
• MeteorographA self-recording instrument designed to simultaneously measure and record multiple atmospheric variables...
• Meteorological bulletinA formal report containing weather observations, analyses, or forecasts, issued by a meteorological service...
• Meteorological cloud chamberA laboratory device designed to simulate atmospheric conditions to study cloud formation processes...
• Meteorological codeA standardized system of alphanumeric characters used for the efficient transmission and archiving of...
• Meteorological element seriesA chronological sequence of measurements or observations for a specific atmospheric variable, such as...
• Meteorological equatorAn imaginary line encircling the Earth that represents the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence...
• Meteorological forecastA prediction of future weather conditions for a specific area and time period, based on scientific...
• Meteorological informationData and products related to the state and behavior of the atmosphere, gathered through observation...
• Meteorological instituteA scientific organization or academic department dedicated to the study of meteorology and atmospheric...
• Meteorological messageA coded report containing meteorological data, such as observations or forecasts, formatted for transmission...
• Meteorological Model Ensemble River ForecastAn automated short-term hydrologic ensemble forecast system which utilizes temperature and precipitation...
• Meteorological networkA system of interconnected observation stations, sensors, and data collection points designed to monitor...
• Meteorological noiseUnwanted or irrelevant signals in meteorological data that can obscure the true atmospheric phenomena being...
• Meteorological observationThe process of measuring and recording atmospheric conditions at a specific time and location using...
• Meteorological observatoryA facility dedicated to the continuous and detailed measurement of atmospheric conditions using a suite of...
• Meteorological observerAn individual trained to measure, record, and transmit atmospheric data according to standardized procedures...
• Meteorological observing stationA designated location where meteorological instruments are installed to systematically measure and record...
• Meteorological officeA branch or department of a meteorological service responsible for providing weather forecasts, warnings, and...
• Meteorological opticsThe study of optical phenomena that occur in the atmosphere due to the interaction of light with atmospheric...
• Meteorological rangeA measure of atmospheric visibility, defined as the distance at which the contrast between an object and its...
• Meteorological reconnaissance flightA specialized aircraft mission flown into weather systems, particularly tropical cyclones, to collect...
• Meteorological reportA structured communication containing current or forecast weather conditions for a specific location or...
• Meteorological rocketA small, unguided rocket designed to carry meteorological instruments, such as radiosondes or chaff, into the...
• Meteorological satelliteAn artificial satellite equipped with sensors to observe and collect data on Earth's atmosphere and surface...
• Meteorological serviceA national or international organization responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating...
• Meteorological symbolA standardized graphic representation used on weather maps and charts to depict atmospheric phenomena and...
• Meteorological transmissionThe process of sending weather data and forecasts from collection points to users or processing centers. This...
• Meteorological watch officeAn office designated by an aviation authority to maintain a continuous watch over meteorological conditions...
• MeteorologistA scientist who studies the Earth's atmosphere, its phenomena, and processes, with a focus on weather...
• MeteorologyThe scientific discipline concerned with the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, and the phenomena that occur...
• MeteosatA series of geostationary meteorological satellites operated by EUMETSAT, providing continuous observation of...
• Meteosat Second GenerationThe second generation of geostationary meteorological satellites operated by EUMETSAT, offering enhanced...
• MeteotsunamiA tsunami-like wave generated by rapid changes in atmospheric pressure, often associated with fast-moving...
• MeterThe fundamental unit of length within the International System of Units (SI), forming the basis for...
• Meter-tonne-second systemA system of units for physical quantities where the fundamental units are the meter for length, the tonne...
• MethaneA colorless, odorless gas and the simplest hydrocarbon, with the chemical formula CH₄. It is a potent...
• Methanesulfonic acidA strong organic acid formed in the atmosphere from the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide, a compound primarily...
• MethanolThe simplest alcohol, with the chemical formula CH₃OH, also known as methyl alcohol. It is released into the...
• Method of characteristicsA mathematical technique used to solve partial differential equations, particularly those of hyperbolic type...
• Method of imagesA mathematical technique for solving differential equations in a domain with a simple boundary by replacing...
• Method of small perturbationsA mathematical technique used to analyze the stability of atmospheric flows by introducing small disturbances...
• Method of successive approximationsAn iterative numerical technique used to find approximate solutions to equations or systems of equations by...
• Methyl bromideAn organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃Br, historically used as a fumigant and pesticide. It is a...
• Methyl chlorideA halocarbon compound, also known as chloromethane, that is the most abundant naturally occurring...
• Methyl chloroformA synthetic halogenated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3CCl3, also known as 1,1,1-trichloroethane...
• Methyl iodideAn organic compound with the chemical formula CH3I, also known as iodomethane. It is a naturally occurring...
• Methylvinyl ketoneAn unsaturated ketone that is a product of the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, a volatile organic compound...
• MetroMetropolitan
• MeVMega (million) electronvolt. A unit of energy used to describe the total energy carried by a particle or...
• MEX1) GFS Model Guidance
• MFAn abbreviation for Medium Frequency, referring to the range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies from...
• MI1) Mile
• MICMeteorologist In Charge
• Michaelson actinographA type of pyrheliometer used to continuously measure the intensity of direct solar radiation. The instrument...
• Michelson actinometerAn instrument designed to measure the intensity of direct solar radiation, typically consisting of a...
• MicrobarogramA continuous record of very small, rapid fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, typically on the order of...
• MicrobarographA highly sensitive barometer designed to detect and record minute and rapid fluctuations in atmospheric...
• MicrobarovariographAn instrument that continuously records the rate of change of atmospheric pressure, rather than the absolute...
• MicroburstA localized column of sinking air within a thunderstorm, producing an outward burst of damaging winds at or...
• MicroclimateThe distinct atmospheric conditions and weather patterns that prevail within a small, localized area, often...
• MicroclimatologyThe scientific study of microclimates, focusing on the atmospheric conditions and processes occurring within...
• MicrofrontA small-scale, short-lived frontal boundary that separates two air masses over a very short distance, on the...
• MicrolayerThe thin boundary layer at the interface between the atmosphere and a water surface, with a thickness...
• MicrometeorologyThe branch of meteorology concerned with the study of atmospheric phenomena and processes on the smallest...
• MicrometerA unit of length in the metric system, equal to one millionth of a meter (10^-6 meters). It is frequently...
• MicronUnit of length equal to one thousandth (1/1000) of a millimeter; one millionth (1/1000000) of a meter...
• MicropluviometerAn instrument designed to measure very small amounts of precipitation, particularly light rainfall or...
• MicropulsationsSmall, quasi-sinusoidal fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field with very low frequencies and small...
• MicroscaleReferring to atmospheric phenomena that occur over very small spatial and temporal scales, typically less...
• MicroseismA faint, continuous tremor of the ground caused by natural phenomena, primarily ocean waves. These seismic...
• Microstrip antennaA type of radio antenna consisting of a flat metallic patch on one side of a dielectric substrate, with a...
• MicrostructureThe fine-scale arrangement of components within a material, including grain size, shape, and distribution, as...
• MicrothermA plant adapted to thrive in cool or cold temperature environments, with low heat requirements for growth...
• MicrothermalRelating to a climate with low average temperatures, characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool...
• Microthermal climateA climate type characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers, where the average temperature of...
• Microvariation of pressureSmall, rapid fluctuations in atmospheric pressure superimposed on the larger-scale synoptic pressure field...
• MicrowaveElectromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from approximately one millimeter to one meter, falling...
• Microwave burstIn solar-terrestrial terms, a radiowave signal associated with optical and/or X-ray flares
• Microwave probingA remote sensing technique that uses microwave radiation to measure atmospheric properties, such as...
• Microwave radarA type of radar system that operates using microwave frequencies to detect and measure precipitation, clouds...
• Microwave radiationElectromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 1 millimeter and 1 meter, falling between infrared and...
• Microwave refractometerAn instrument designed to measure the refractive index of the atmosphere at microwave frequencies. This...
• Microwave Sounding UnitA satellite-borne instrument that measures the intensity of microwave radiation emitted from the Earth's...
• MIDMiddle
• Middle atmosphereThe region of Earth's atmosphere situated above the troposphere and below the thermosphere, encompassing the...
• Middle clouds(or Mid-Level Clouds) - A term used to signify clouds with bases between 6,500 and 23,000 feet. At the higher...
• Middle infraredA portion of the electromagnetic spectrum characterized by wavelengths between approximately 3 and 8...
• Middle latitudes1) The latitude belt roughly between 35 and 65 degrees North and South. Also referred to as the temperate...
• Mid-flame windWind measured at the midpoint of the flames, considered to be most representative of the speed of the wind...
• Midget tropical cycloneAn unusually small but fully developed tropical cyclone, also known as a micro-cyclone. Its defining...
• Mid-Japan Sea Cold CurrentA cold ocean current flowing southward along the western coast of Japan in the Japan Sea (East Sea). This...
• Mid-latitude areasAreas between 30o and 60o north and south of the Equator.
• Mid-level CoolingLocal cooling of the air in middle levels of the atmosphere (roughly 8 to 25 thousand feet), which can lead...
• Midnight windA local wind that develops during the late night hours, often due to differential cooling between land and...
• Midsection methodA technique for calculating the total discharge of a stream or river by dividing its cross-section into a...
• Mie scatteringThe scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles that have diameters comparable to or...
• Mie theoryA complete analytical solution for the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a homogeneous sphere of...
• MigratoryDescribing atmospheric or oceanic phenomena that exhibit movement or displacement over time and space, rather...
• MilA unit of angular measurement equal to one-thousandth of a radian, or approximately 0.05625 degrees. It is...
• Milankovitch oscillationsPeriodic changes in Earth's orbital parameters that influence the amount and distribution of solar radiation...
• Milankovitch Pleistocene climate variationThe observed cyclical changes in Earth's climate during the Pleistocene epoch, primarily characterized by...
• Milankovitch solar radiation curveA graphical representation of the calculated variations in insolation received at different latitudes and...
• Milankovitch theoryA astronomical theory proposing that long-term climate changes, particularly the glacial and interglacial...
• MileA unit of length commonly used in some countries, particularly for measuring distances in aviation and...
• Milky iceIce that appears opaque and whitish due to the presence of numerous tiny air bubbles trapped within its...
• MillibarA unit of atmospheric pressure equal to one-thousandth of a bar, or 100 Pascals (hPa). It was historically a...
• Mills periodA historical concept in long-range weather forecasting, popular in the late 19th century, which proposed that...
• MINMinimum (or) Minute
• Mindanao CurrentA strong, southward-flowing ocean current located off the eastern coast of Mindanao in the Philippines...
• Mindanao EddyA semi-permanent cyclonic ocean eddy located east of the island of Mindanao in the western Pacific Ocean...
• MinimumThe lowest value or point reached by a meteorological variable over a specified period or within a particular...
• Minimum annual flowThe lowest instantaneous or daily average discharge rate of a river or stream recorded over the course of a...
• Minimum deviationThe smallest angle of deflection that a ray of light undergoes when passing through a prism. In atmospheric...
• Minimum discernible signalIn a receiver, it is the smallest input signal that will a produce a detectable signal at the output. In...
• Minimum temperatureThe lowest temperature recorded over a specific period, such as a day, month, or year. It is measured by a...
• Minimum thermometerA specialized thermometer designed to record the lowest temperature reached over a specific time interval...
• Mini-supercellA small, rotating thunderstorm that exhibits the key characteristics of a supercell, including a persistent...
• Minor floodingA general term indicating minimal or no property damage but possibly some public inconvenience.
• Minor ridgeA relatively weak and localized extension of high atmospheric pressure, characterized by a slight bulge in...
• Minor tidal overflowMinor flooding caused by high tides that results in little if any damage.
• Minor troughAn elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure that is weaker and less developed than a major...
• MINTminimum temperature
• MinuanoA cold, dry wind that blows from the southwest across parts of southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern...
• MirageAn optical phenomenon that produces a displaced image of distant objects due to the refraction of light...
• Mirror nephoscopeAn instrument used to determine the direction and speed of cloud movement by observing their reflection in a...
• MISCMiscellaneous
• Miscible displacementThe movement of a fluid through a porous medium or another fluid, where the displacing fluid mixes completely...
• MISGMissing
• MisocycloneA small-scale vortex, rotating cyclonically, with a diameter ranging from about 40 meters to 4 kilometers...
• MisoscaleAtmospheric phenomena that occur on spatial scales ranging from a few tens of meters to several kilometers...
• MistA suspension of very small, visible water droplets in the air, reducing visibility to a lesser extent than...
• MistralA strong, cold, and dry northerly or northwesterly wind that blows through the Rhône Valley in France and out...
• MitigationActions taken to reduce the severity or impact of a hazard or phenomenon, particularly in the context of...
• Mixed cloudA cloud containing a mixture of supercooled liquid water droplets and ice crystals at temperatures below 0°C...
• Mixed distributionA probability distribution for a random variable that is derived from a collection of other probability...
• Mixed layerA layer of fluid, such as air or water, that is well-stirred and characterized by nearly uniform properties...
• Mixed layer modelsSimplified atmospheric or oceanic models that represent the vertical structure of a fluid column by assuming...
• Mixed nucleusAn atmospheric aerosol particle that acts as both a cloud condensation nucleus and an ice nucleus. These...
• Mixed precipitationAny of the following combinations of freezing and frozen precipitation: snow and sleet, snow and freezing...
• Mixed Rossby-gravity waveA type of atmospheric wave that exhibits characteristics of both Rossby waves and gravity waves, typically...
• Mixed tideA tidal pattern characterized by two high tides and two low tides per day, where the heights of successive...
• Mixed-layer capping inversionA stable layer of the atmosphere, characterized by an increase in temperature with height, that forms above...
• Mixed-layer depthThe vertical extent of the atmospheric or oceanic mixed layer, characterized by relatively uniform properties...
• Mixed-layer evolutionThe temporal changes in the depth, temperature, humidity, and pollutant concentration within the atmospheric...
• Mixed-layer similarityA theoretical framework used to describe the vertical profiles of mean quantities and turbulent fluxes within...
• Mixed-layer spectraThe distribution of turbulent kinetic energy or other scalar variances across different eddy sizes or...
• Mixed-layer ventingThe process by which air from the atmospheric mixed layer is transported into the free troposphere above...
• MixingThe process by which distinct parcels of air with different properties, such as temperature, moisture, or...
• Mixing cloudA cloud formed primarily by the mixing of two air masses with different temperatures and humidity levels...
• Mixing depthVertical distance between the ground and the altitude to which pollutants are mixed by turbulence caused by...
• Mixing fogA type of fog that forms when two air masses with different temperatures and moisture contents, both...
• Mixing heightsThe height to which a parcel of air, or a column of smoke, will rise, mix or disperse. A column of smoke will...
• Mixing lengthA concept in turbulence theory representing the average distance a parcel of fluid travels before it loses...
• Mixing lineA graphical representation on a thermodynamic diagram, such as a skew-T log-P chart, that connects the...
• Mixing potentialA measure of the atmosphere's capacity to dilute and disperse pollutants, often related to the depth of the...
• Mixing ratioThe ratio of the mass of a specific gaseous component, such as water vapor, to the mass of dry air in a given...
• Mixing zoneA region within the atmosphere where turbulent processes effectively blend air parcels, leading to a...
• MJOMadden-Julian Oscillation- Tropical rainfall exhibits strong variability on time scales shorter than the...
• Mks systemA system of physical units based on the meter for length, the kilogram for mass, and the second for time. It...
• MLCAPEMean Layer CAPE - CAPE calculated using a parcel consisting of Mean Layer values of temperature and moisture...
• MLLIMean Layer Lifted Index - Lifted Index (LI) calculated using a parcel consisting of Mean Layer values of...
• MLLW(Mean Lower Low Water) - A tidal datum. The average of the lower low water height of each tidal day observed...
• MLW(Mean Low Water) - A tidal datum. The average of all the low water heights observed over the National Tidal...
• MNLYMainly
• MoatA region of relatively clear air, often with subsidence, that encircles the eye or eyewall of a tropical...
• MoazagotlA specific type of lenticular cloud formation, often appearing as a stack of smooth, lens-shaped clouds, that...
• Moazagotl windA local wind phenomenon characterized by strong, often gusty, downslope winds that occur on the lee side of...
• Mobile shipA seagoing vessel equipped with meteorological instruments that transmits weather observations while...
• Mobile ship stationA meteorological observation platform located on a ship that is capable of moving across oceans and seas...
• Mobile sourceAny non-stationary source of atmospheric pollutants, primarily referring to vehicles such as cars, trucks...
• Mobile weather stationA vehicle or portable platform equipped with a suite of meteorological sensors for collecting atmospheric...
• MobilityA measure of the ease with which a charged particle, such as an atmospheric ion or aerosol, moves through the...
• MOBYMarine Optical Buoy. It measures solar radiation to calibrate satellite ocean color instruments.
• Mock moonA bright spot of light appearing on either side of the moon, similar to a sun dog but associated with...
• Mock sunA bright spot of light that appears on either side of the sun, at the same elevation, caused by the...
• ModeThe value that appears most frequently in a data set, representing the peak of a distribution. In atmospheric...
• Mode eddiesCoherent, rotating vortices of water in the ocean that are dynamically associated with specific vertical...
• Mode waterA large, relatively homogeneous body of water found in the upper ocean, characterized by uniform temperature...
• ModelA simplified representation of a real-world system or process, often expressed as a set of mathematical...
• Model atmosphereA theoretical or idealized representation of the Earth's atmosphere, often used for scientific calculations...
• Model calibrationThe process of adjusting the parameters and initial conditions of a numerical weather prediction or climate...
• Model output statisticsA statistical technique used to improve the accuracy of numerical weather predictions by correcting...
• Model resolutionThe spatial or temporal granularity at which a numerical weather prediction or climate model represents...
• Moderate breezeA classification of wind speed on the Beaufort scale, indicating a wind that causes small trees to sway and...
• Moderate floodingThe inundation of secondary roads; transfer to higher elevation necessary to save property -- some evacuation...
• Moderate risk (of severe thunderstorms)Severe thunderstorms are expected to affect between 5 and 10 percent of the area. A moderate risk indicates...
• Modified refractive indexA quantity used in radio wave propagation analysis that accounts for both the standard atmospheric refraction...
• Modified refractivityA quantity derived from the atmospheric refractive index that incorporates the Earth's curvature, allowing...
• ModonA localized, coherent, and self-propagating vortex structure found in rotating fluids, such as planetary...
• ModulationThe process of altering one or more characteristics of a carrier wave, such as its amplitude, frequency, or...
• ModulatorA device that imposes a signal onto a carrier wave by varying one or more of its properties, such as...
• ModulusA measure of the magnitude or intensity of a physical quantity, often representing a coefficient or a ratio...
• Moist adiabatA line on a thermodynamic diagram representing the temperature change of a saturated air parcel as it rises...
• Moist adiabatic lapse rate(abbrev. MALR)- The rate at which the temperature of a parcel of saturated air decreases as the parcel is...
• Moist airAtmospheric air that contains water vapor, which is a variable component of the atmosphere. The amount of...
• Moist climateA climate classification where annual precipitation exceeds the total annual potential evapotranspiration...
• Moist convectionAtmospheric convection that is significantly enhanced by the release of latent heat as water vapor condenses...
• Moist static energyA thermodynamic quantity representing the total energy per unit mass of an air parcel, including its internal...
• Moist tongueAn elongated region of relatively high atmospheric moisture content that extends into an area of drier air...
• Moist-adiabatic(Also known as saturation-adiabatic process.) An adiabatic process for which the air is saturated and may...
• Moist-adiabatic processAn adiabatic process in the atmosphere where a parcel of air rises, cools, and becomes saturated, leading to...
• MoistureRefers to the water vapor content in the atmosphere, or the total water, liquid, solid or vapor, in a given...
• Moisture adjustmentA procedure in numerical weather prediction models to modify the initial moisture fields to be more...
• Moisture advectionTransport of moisture by horizontal winds.
• Moisture contentThe amount of water present in a substance, such as soil, air, or a material, expressed as a percentage or a...
• Moisture convergenceA measure of the degree to which moist air is converging into a given area, taking into account the effect of...
• Moisture equivalentThe amount of water retained by a soil sample after being saturated and then subjected to a specific...
• Moisture factorA parameter used in some fire danger rating systems to represent the moisture content of fine, dead fuels on...
• Moisture indexA numerical value that quantifies the relative wetness or dryness of a region, often derived from a...
• Moisture inversionAn atmospheric layer where the specific humidity or mixing ratio increases with height, contrary to the...
• Moisture poolingThe accumulation of water vapor in a localized area, often in low-lying terrain or within a stable...
• Moisture profileA vertical representation of the distribution of water vapor content in the atmosphere, typically expressed...
• Moisture ridgeAn axis of relatively high dew point values. This axis is sometimes referred to as a 'moist tongue'.
• Moisture tensionThe force per unit area that must be exerted to extract water from a porous medium, such as soil, against the...
• Moisture volume percentageThe proportion of the total volume of a substance that is occupied by water. This measurement is particularly...
• Moisture weight percentageThe ratio of the mass of water to the total mass of a material, expressed as a percentage. This metric is...
• Moisture-continuity equationA mathematical expression that describes the conservation of water vapor in the atmosphere. It accounts for...
• MolalityA measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute per...
• Molar specific heat capacityThe amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one Kelvin or one...
• MoleA unit of measurement in chemistry and physics that represents a specific number of constituent particles...
• Mole fractionThe ratio of the number of moles of a particular component in a mixture to the total number of moles of all...
• Mole fraction of water vaporThe ratio of the number of moles of water vapor to the total number of moles of all gases in a given volume...
• Molecular weightThe mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). For a compound, it is the sum of...
• Molecular-scale temperatureA conceptual temperature derived from the kinetic energy of individual molecules within a gas, representing...
• MoleculeThe smallest particle of a substance that retains the properties of the substance and is composed of one or...

631 of 10,816 terms in Meteorology and atmospheric science terminology (MLC-0110). Request the full dataset.