Chemistry terminology · MLC-0109

Chemistry terms: P (1,381)

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• Photoluminescent polymerA polymeric material that emits light after absorbing electromagnetic radiation, typically in the ultraviolet...
• PhotolysisThe chemical process of breaking down a compound by means of light energy, specifically through the...
• PhotometryThe science of measuring light, specifically electromagnetic radiation, in terms of its perceived brightness...
• PhotomineralisationThe complete degradation of organic compounds into simple inorganic species, such as carbon dioxide, water...
• Photomultiplier tubeA highly sensitive vacuum tube detector that amplifies weak light signals by converting photons into...
• PhotonA quantum of electromagnetic radiation, representing the smallest discrete unit of light or other...
• Photon countingA highly sensitive detection technique used to measure very low light intensities by individually detecting...
• Photon echoA transient optical phenomenon where a material, after being excited by two or more short laser pulses, emits...
• Photon exitanceThe rate at which photons are emitted from a surface per unit area. It quantifies the total number of photons...
• Photon exposureThe total number of photons incident on a given area over a specific period. It is a measure of the radiant...
• Photon flowThe rate at which photons are emitted, transferred, or received by a surface or through a given...
• Photon fluenceThe count of photons that pass into a tiny spherical probe, whatever direction they come from, divided by the...
• Photon fluence rateThe number of photons entering a small sphere from all directions in unit time, divided by the sphere's...
• Photon fluxThe number of photons crossing a surface per unit time, with the SI unit of reciprocal seconds, or mol per...
• Photon irradianceThe photon flux incident on a surface per unit area, often expressed in units of photons per square meter per...
• Photon numberA dimensionless quantity representing the count of individual photons present in a given system or emitted...
• Photon quantitiesRadiometric quantities expressed as numbers of photons instead of energy, such as photon flux, photon...
• Photon radianceThe rate at which photons are emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received by a surface, per unit projected...
• Photonic crystalA nanostructured material with a periodic variation in its refractive index, designed to control the flow of...
• Photonic efficiencyThe ratio of the rate of a photoreaction, measured over a specified interval and usually under initial...
• Photonic yieldThe number of moles of a reactant consumed or a product formed, divided by the number of moles of photons...
• Photonic yield spectrumA graphical representation showing the photonic yield of a photochemical reaction as a function of the...
• PhotonicsThe science and technology of generating, controlling, and detecting photons, especially in the visible and...
• PhotooxidationAn oxidation reaction initiated by the absorption of light. This process involves the transfer of electrons...
• PhotooxygenationA chemical reaction where molecular oxygen is incorporated into an organic substrate, with the process being...
• PhotoperiodThe duration of an organism's daily exposure to light, considered as a recurring cycle of light and darkness...
• PhotophobiaAn abnormal intolerance or painful hypersensitivity to light. It is a symptom of an underlying medical...
• PhotophoresisThe movement of aerosol particles in a gas due to uneven heating by incident radiation. Particles absorb...
• PhotophosphorylationThe process by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic...
• Photophysical processesThe physical processes that occur in a molecule after it absorbs light, leading to the dissipation of the...
• PhotopolymerizationA polymerization reaction initiated by the absorption of light, leading to the formation of a polymer from...
• Photoradiation catalysisA catalytic process that is initiated or enhanced by the combined action of both light (photons) and ionizing...
• PhotorearrangementA chemical reaction in which the atoms within a molecule rearrange their connectivity following the...
• Photoreceptor cellA specialized neuron of the retina that detects light and converts it into an electrical signal passed on...
• PhotoreductionA reduction brought about by light, in which either a photoexcited species gains electrons or hydrogen atoms...
• Photorefractive effectA phenomenon in which the refractive index of a material changes upon exposure to light, leading to the...
• Photorefractive polymerA polymeric material that exhibits a light-induced change in its refractive index, which is spatially...
• Photoremovable protecting groupA chemical moiety that reversibly blocks a reactive functional group in a molecule, preventing it from...
• PhotoresistA light-sensitive polymeric material used in photolithography to transfer a pattern from a photomask onto a...
• PhotoselectionThe preferential excitation of molecules with specific orientations by polarized light. When a sample is...
• Photosensitised reactionA photochemical reaction in which a substance, known as a photosensitizer, absorbs light and then transfers...
• Photosensitive polymerA polymeric material that undergoes a chemical or physical change when exposed to electromagnetic radiation...
• PhotosensitivityAn abnormal reaction of the skin to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or artificial sources. This reaction...
• PhotosensitizationThe process by which a photochemical reaction is initiated or accelerated by a substance, called a...
• Photostationary stateA steady state reached by an irradiated system, usually a reversible photoreaction such as A to B, in which...
• Photostimulated unimolecular radical nucleophilic substitutionA multi-step reaction mechanism involving the substitution of a leaving group on an aromatic or vinylic...
• PhotosubstitutionA chemical reaction in which a substituent on a molecule is replaced by another group, with the overall...
• PhotosynthesisA metabolic process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy...
• PhotosystemA functional biochemical unit found in photosynthetic organisms that captures light energy and converts it...
• PhototautomerisationA light-induced interconversion between two tautomeric forms of a molecule. This process involves the...
• Photothermal effectThe generation of heat within a material following the absorption of light, resulting from the non-radiative...
• Photothermal spectroscopyA class of spectroscopic techniques that detect the heat generated when a sample absorbs electromagnetic...
• PhotothermocatalysisCatalysis driven by the combined action of electronic excitation from ultraviolet or visible light and...
• PhotothermographyA dry imaging process that uses light to initiate a chemical reaction, which is then amplified by heat to...
• PhototoxicityThe property of a chemical substance to cause damage to biological tissues when exposed to light. This damage...
• Phototoxicity testAn in vitro or in vivo assay designed to assess the potential of a chemical to cause phototoxic reactions...
• PhototransistorA semiconductor device that acts as a light-sensitive switch or amplifier, where the current flowing through...
• Photovoltaic cellA device that converts light energy directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. It...
• Photovoltaic effectThe phenomenon where a voltage or electric current is generated in a material upon exposure to light. This...
• pH-partition hypothesisA theory explaining the absorption of drugs across biological membranes based on their pKa and the pH of the...
• pH-rate profileA graph illustrating the dependence of a reaction rate constant on the pH of the reaction medium. This...
• pH-sensitive electrodeAn electrochemical sensor designed to measure the hydrogen ion activity (pH) of a solution. It generates an...
• PhthaleinsA class of organic compounds derived from phthalic anhydride and phenols, characterized by a central carbon...
• PhthalidesLactones derived from 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid and its derivatives, characterized by a fused benzene...
• PhylogeneticsThe study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms, such as...
• PhylogenyThe evolutionary history of a group of organisms, such as a species or a gene, showing their relationships...
• PhylumA primary taxonomic rank in the classification of life, positioned below kingdom and above class. Organisms...
• Physical mapA representation of the physical locations of genes or other DNA sequences on a chromosome. This map is...
• Physical networkA polymeric network formed by non-covalent interactions between polymer chains, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic...
• Physical pathwayA sequence of physical processes, such as energy transfer or charge separation, that occur within a system...
• Physical quantityA property of a phenomenon, body, or substance that can be quantified by measurement. It is expressed as the...
• Physiological adaptationA functional or biochemical adjustment within an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a...
• Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelingA mathematical modeling approach that uses physiological and biochemical parameters to predict the...
• PhysisorptionThe weak, reversible binding of atoms or molecules to a surface through intermolecular forces, such as van...
• PhytochelatinA class of heavy metal-binding peptides produced by plants, fungi, and some algae in response to exposure to...
• PhytoestrogenA plant-derived compound that can exert estrogen-like effects in animals, including humans, by binding to...
• PhytohemagglutininA lectin extracted from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that can agglutinate red blood cells and...
• PhytoplanktonMicroscopic, photosynthetic organisms that inhabit the upper, sunlit layers of almost all oceans and bodies...
• PhytotoxicDescribing a substance that is poisonous or harmful to plants, causing effects such as inhibited growth...
• PhytotoxicantA chemical substance that is poisonous or causes damaging effects to plants, inhibiting growth or causing...
• pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatographyA specialized form of counter-current chromatography that separates compounds based on differences in their...
• PiaThe innermost of the three meningeal layers that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. This...
• PicoA prefix in the International System of Units (SI) representing a factor of 10^-12. It is used to denote a...
• PicratesSalts or complexes formed between picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and a base, metal ion, or organic...
• PiebaldismA genetic condition characterized by patches of skin and hair that lack pigment, resulting in a distinctive...
• Pielou’s JA measure of species evenness within an ecological community, quantifying how equally abundant different...
• Piezoelectric polymerA polymeric material that generates an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress, and...
• PiezoluminescenceThe emission of light from a solid material when it is subjected to mechanical pressure. This phenomenon...
• Pile-upAn artifact in radiation detection where two or more closely spaced radiation events are registered as a...
• PileupThe phenomenon in spectroscopy where multiple incoming signals arrive at the detector within a very short...
• PIN semiconductor detectorA type of semiconductor radiation detector consisting of an intrinsic (i) region sandwiched between p-type...
• PinacolsA class of organic compounds that are vicinal diols, meaning they contain two hydroxyl groups on adjacent...
• Pineal glandA small endocrine gland located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain. Its principal function is...
• PinnaThe visible, projecting part of the outer ear, also known as the auricle. It is composed primarily of...
• PinnipedsA clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals. This group includes seals, sea lions, and the...
• PinocytosisA form of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes by forming small...
• PipelineThe complete sequence of compounds and projects under development within a pharmaceutical or biotechnology...
• Pipelining programsA computational workflow where multiple, distinct software programs are executed in sequence, with the output...
• PiscicideA chemical substance intended to kill fish, often used as a pesticide for managing fish populations. These...
• PiscivorousRelating to an organism whose diet consists primarily of fish. In ecotoxicology, piscivorous animals such as...
• PitchA highly viscous, amorphous, and dark-colored residue obtained from the distillation of coal tar, petroleum...
• Pitch divisionA method of making a lithographic pattern with a smaller pitch than a single exposure can resolve at the...
• Pitch-based carbon fibresCarbon fibers produced by the pyrolysis of pitch, a viscous residue derived from petroleum or coal tar. These...
• Pitting corrosionA localized form of corrosion that results in the creation of small holes or pits on a metal surface. These...
• PituitaryA small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, often referred to as the 'master gland'...
• Pivotal studyA clinical trial or research investigation designed to provide definitive evidence of a drug's efficacy and...
• PlacentaA temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, connecting the mother to the developing...
• Placental barrierThe physiological interface within the placenta that regulates the passage of substances between the maternal...
• Placental circulationThe blood flow through the placenta, made up of two separate circuits that exchange substances without mixing...
• Placental insufficiencyA condition in which the placenta fails to adequately provide the fetus with sufficient nutrients and oxygen...
• Placental transferThe process by which substances move across the placental barrier from the maternal circulation to the fetal...
• PlacentationThe process of forming and developing the placenta, an organ that connects the developing fetus to the...
• Plackett-Burman designA two-level fractional factorial experimental design used for screening a large number of factors to identify...
• Planar chiralityA type of stereoisomerism in which handedness comes from an unsymmetrical placement of groups relative to a...
• Planar chromatographyA chromatographic technique where the stationary phase is spread as a thin layer on a flat surface, such as a...
• Planar filmA film possessing a flat, two-dimensional geometry, where its thickness is significantly smaller than its...
• Planar intramolecular charge transferA type of intramolecular charge transfer where the donor and acceptor moieties are coplanar, allowing for...
• Planarising layerA coating applied over a substrate with a non-flat surface topography to create a smooth, level surface for...
• Planck constantA fundamental physical constant that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency. It is a cornerstone of...
• PlanktivorousDescribing an aquatic organism that feeds on plankton, which are the small, often microscopic, organisms...
• PlanktonSmall, often microscopic, organisms that drift in bodies of water, unable to swim against currents. They form...
• Planktotrophic larvaA larval stage of an aquatic organism that feeds on plankton in the water column. These larvae are typically...
• PlantibodyAn antibody or antibody fragment that is produced by a genetically modified plant. The gene encoding the...
• Plaque-forming cellA B lymphocyte that has differentiated into a plasma cell and is actively secreting antibodies. These cells...
• PlasmaA state of matter consisting of an ionized gas, containing a substantial fraction of free electrons and ions...
• Plasma arcA high-temperature electric discharge generated between two electrodes, or between an electrode and a...
• Plasma assisted desorption ionization mass spectrometryA mass spectrometry technique where a plasma is used to desorb and ionize analytes from a sample surface for...
• Plasma cellA terminally differentiated B lymphocyte that has largely lost surface immunoglobulin and secretes large...
• Plasma desorption ionizationA soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry where ions are produced from a solid sample by...
• Plasma enhanced chemical vapor depositionA chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process that uses plasma to energize reactant gases, allowing deposition to...
• Plasma etchA dry etching process that uses a plasma, typically generated from a gas mixture, to selectively remove...
• Plasma excitation temperatureThe temperature that describes how the populations of excited levels of atoms or ions in a plasma follow a...
• Plasma gasesThe gases used to generate and sustain a plasma in analytical instruments, typically noble gases like argon...
• Plasma induction zoneThe region within an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch where the radiofrequency (RF) energy is coupled...
• Plasma ionization temperatureA theoretical temperature that describes the degree of ionization of elements within a plasma, based on the...
• Plasma lipoproteinsComplex particles found in blood plasma that consist of a core of hydrophobic lipids (triglycerides and...
• Plasma local thermodynamic equilibriumA condition within a plasma where, at any given point, the rates of all microscopic processes, such as...
• Plasma shieldingThe phenomenon where a dense plasma formed at a surface absorbs or reflects incident laser radiation...
• Plasma terminationThe process by which a plasma ceases to exist, typically involving the recombination of ions and electrons to...
• PlasmablastAn activated B lymphocyte that is undergoing rapid proliferation and differentiation into a plasma cell...
• Plasmacytoid dendritic cellA type of dendritic cell characterized by its plasma cell-like morphology and its ability to produce large...
• PlasmacytomaA malignant tumor composed of plasma cells, which are antibody-producing white blood cells. This condition...
• PlasmapheresisAn extracorporeal procedure for separating blood plasma from the formed elements of blood, such as cells and...
• PlasmidAn extrachromosomal genetic element consisting of a circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that...
• PlasmonA quantum of plasma oscillation, representing a collective excitation of free electrons in a metal or...
• Plastic flowThe irreversible deformation of a material under stress, where the material undergoes permanent changes in...
• Plastic transitionA type of phase transition in a solid material where the material undergoes a change in its mechanical...
• Plate formatThe physical layout of a microplate, defined by the total number of wells and their arrangement in a...
• Plate gripperA robotic component designed to physically grasp and move microplates within an automated laboratory system...
• Plate heightA measure of the efficiency of a chromatographic column, representing the length of the column required for...
• Plate numberA dimensionless measure of the efficiency of a chromatographic column, representing the number of theoretical...
• Plate readerAn instrument designed to detect and quantify biological, chemical, or physical events within the wells of a...
• Plate stackerAn automated device that holds multiple microplates and feeds them sequentially into a plate reader, washer...
• Plate washerAn automated device that performs washing cycles on microplates by dispensing a wash buffer into the wells...
• Plateau borderThe region where three or more soap films or foam lamellae meet, forming a channel filled with liquid. These...
• PlateletA small, anucleated cell fragment derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, circulating in the blood...
• Platelet-derived growth factorA protein mitogen released from blood platelets upon activation, which stimulates the growth and division of...
• Platinum electrodeThe most widely used metallic working electrode in electrochemistry, made of platinum as foil, wire, a disc...
• PLEDA polymer light-emitting diode, an optoelectronic device that produces light through electroluminescence from...
• Pleiotropic geneA single gene that influences two or more distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits in an organism...
• PleiotropismThe phenomenon where a single gene affects multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. This occurs when...
• PleuraA serous membrane that enfolds the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. It consists of two layers: the...
• Pleural cavityThe potential space between the visceral pleura, which covers the lungs, and the parietal pleura, which lines...
• PlexusA network or tangle of nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels within the body. This anatomical...
• PloidyThe number of complete sets of chromosomes within the nucleus of a biological cell. Organisms are described...
• PLS latent variableA composite variable constructed in Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression that captures the maximum...
• PLS loadingA coefficient that quantifies the contribution of each original variable to a specific PLS latent variable in...
• Plug-flowAn idealized flow pattern in a tubular or packed-bed reactor in which the fluid advances as a plug with...
• PlumbismThe medical condition resulting from lead poisoning, characterized by a range of symptoms affecting multiple...
• PlumbylidenesDivalent lead compounds of formula R2Pb, the lead analogues of carbenes, with lead in the +2 oxidation state...
• PlumeA column or cloud of material, such as smoke, gas, or fine particles, that emanates from a source and...
• PluripotentDescribing a cell that possesses the ability to differentiate into any cell type derived from the three germ...
• Pluripotent stem cellAn undifferentiated cell that has the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into any cell type...
• Π/n rad magnetic sectorA type of magnetic sector mass analyzer where the angle of deflection for the central ion path is defined as...
• Pneumatic detectorA device that measures radiation by detecting the pressure change in a gas-filled chamber caused by the...
• Pneumatic nebulizersDevices that convert a liquid sample into a fine aerosol by using a high-velocity gas stream. The gas flow...
• Pneumatically assisted electrospray ionizationA variant of electrospray ionization where a coaxial flow of nebulizing gas is applied to the electrospray...
• PneumoconiosisA group of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of dust, leading to inflammation, fibrosis...
• PneumonitisInflammation of the lung tissue, especially the alveoli and the interstitium around them. The word names the...
• Pneumotaxic centerA neural network located in the upper part of the pons within the brainstem that regulates respiratory...
• Pnictogen bondA non-covalent interaction occurring when a pnictogen atom (Group 15 element) in a molecule forms an...
• P-nucleotidesPalindromic nucleotides that are added to the junctions between V, D, and J gene segments during V(D)J...
• PoikilothermAn organism whose internal body temperature varies considerably, often matching the temperature of its...
• Point detectorA detector in a mass spectrometer that measures ions passing through a small aperture or slit, providing a...
• Point groupA set of symmetry operations that leave at least one point in space fixed, describing the overall symmetry of...
• Point mutationA type of gene mutation where a single nucleotide base in the DNA or RNA sequence is altered. This alteration...
• Point of zero chargeThe condition at which the net surface charge density of a solid particle in contact with an electrolyte...
• Point sourceA localized and identifiable origin from which pollutants are discharged into the environment. This source...
• PoiseThe unit of dynamic viscosity in the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units. One poise is defined as...
• PoisonA substance that reduces or completely deactivates the catalytic activity of a catalyst. This occurs by...
• Poison-bearingDescribing an organism, substance, or material that naturally contains or produces a toxic compound capable...
• PoisoningThe state of being harmed by a toxic substance, resulting from exposure to a chemical agent that interferes...
• Poisson distributionA discrete probability function that gives the probability of a specific number of independent events...
• Poisson-Boltzmann equationA non-linear partial differential equation that describes the electrostatic potential in a solution...
• Pokeweed mitogenA lectin derived from the pokeweed plant (Phytolacca americana) that acts as a potent polyclonal activator of...
• Polar driving forceThe thermodynamic driving force of an outer-sphere electron transfer, expressed as minus the standard Gibbs...
• Polar effectThe influence of substituents on the reactivity or physical properties of a molecule through inductive or...
• Polar surface areaThe surface area of a molecule that is composed of polar atoms, specifically oxygen, nitrogen, and attached...
• Polarisation spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that measures changes in the polarization state of light after interaction with a...
• PolarityA measure of the distribution of electric charge within a molecule, arising from differences in...
• PolarizabilityThe ease with which the electron cloud of an atom or molecule can be distorted by an external electric field...
• Polarizable electrodeAn electrode whose potential changes readily when a potential is applied or a small current is passed...
• PolarizationThe directional orientation of the electric field vector of electromagnetic radiation as it propagates...
• Polarization densityThe vector sum of the electric dipole moments per unit volume within a dielectric material. It quantifies the...
• Polarization errorAn inaccuracy in spectrophotometric measurements that arises when the incident light is partially polarized...
• Polarized interphasesInterfaces between two conducting phases where the potential difference across the interface is controlled...
• Polarized Raman bandA Raman band whose depolarization ratio is below 0.75 when the incident radiation is linearly polarized...
• PolarographyAn electrochemical technique that measures the current flowing through an electrochemical cell as a function...
• PolaronA quasiparticle formed when an electron or hole in a crystal lattice becomes coupled with the surrounding...
• PolingA process of applying a strong electric field to a material, typically a ferroelectric or piezoelectric...
• PollutantAny substance or form of energy introduced into the environment that has undesirable effects or adversely...
• Pollution tolerance indexA biological water-quality index in which indicator invertebrate taxa found in a sample are placed in...
• Pollution-induced community toleranceAn increase in the tolerance of a biological community to a pollutant after exposure to it, shown by tests in...
• Poly I:CPolyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a synthetic double-stranded RNA molecule that mimics viral RNA and acts as a...
• Poly ICLCA synthetic double-stranded RNA complex of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine and...
• poly[3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene]A conductive polymer derived from the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, commonly known as PEDOT. It is an...
• PolyacetylenesA class of conjugated polymers characterized by a backbone consisting of alternating single and double...
• PolyacidA polymer containing multiple acidic functional groups along its chain, capable of donating protons in...
• PolyadditionA type of polymerization reaction where monomers add to each other without the elimination of any small...
• PolyalkenyleneA class of polymers characterized by a backbone composed of repeating alkylene units that contain at least...
• PolyalkyleneA polymer whose main chain consists solely of carbon atoms, with all carbon-carbon bonds being single bonds...
• PolyalkynyleneA polymer whose macromolecules contain exclusively alkyne-diyl constitutional repeating units, each made of a...
• PolyamideA polymer containing repeating amide (-CO-NH-) linkages along its main chain. These polymers are typically...
• Polyamide acidA precursor polymer containing repeating amide and carboxylic acid functional groups, also known as a...
• PolyamineA polymer whose backbone contains amino groups as linkages, in which a nitrogen atom bearing hydrogen, alkyl...
• PolyanhydrideA polymer characterized by anhydride linkages in its main chain, formed by the condensation reaction of...
• PolyanilinesA class of conductive polymers derived from aniline monomers, characterized by repeating units containing...
• Polyarteritis nodosaA systemic necrotizing inflammation of medium-sized muscular arteries, without the presence of...
• PolyarylenesA polymer whose macromolecules contain exclusively arenediyl or heteroarenediyl units in the backbone, so...
• PolyarylenethynylenesA class of conjugated polymers characterized by a backbone structure containing alternating aromatic...
• PolyarylenevinylenesA class of conjugated polymers characterized by repeating units that contain both arylene (aromatic) groups...
• Polyatomic fragmentA cluster of two or more atoms that remains intact after a molecule has undergone ionization and...
• PolybaseA polymer in which a substantial fraction of the constitutional repeating units contains basic groups or...
• PolybenzimidazolesA class of high-performance polymers characterized by repeating benzimidazole units in their backbone. These...
• PolybenzothiazoleA class of polymers containing benzothiazole rings as an integral part of the main polymer chain. These...
• PolybenzoxazoleA polymer whose constitutional repeating units contain a benzoxazole ring system as part of the main chain...
• PolybetaineA polymer containing zwitterionic groups in its repeating units, where each unit carries both a cationic and...
• PolybismaleimideA thermosetting polymer formed through the polymerization of bismaleimide monomers, which contain two...
• PolycarbamateA polymer containing carbamate (-NH-CO-O-) linkages in its main chain. These polymers are commonly known as...
• PolycarbodiimideA polymer characterized by the presence of carbodiimide (-N=C=N-) groups in its main chain. These polymers...
• PolycarbonateA polymer containing carbonate (-O-CO-O-) linkages in its main chain. These polymers are typically...
• PolycarboraneAn inorganic-organic hybrid polymer containing carborane cages in the main chain or as pendant groups. A...
• PolycarbosilaneA polymer characterized by a backbone composed of alternating silicon and carbon atoms. These materials are...
• PolychromatorAn optical instrument designed to simultaneously separate and detect multiple wavelengths of light from a...
• PolyclonalRelating to antibodies that are derived from multiple B-cell clones, each recognizing a different epitope on...
• Polyclonal activatorA substance that stimulates a large proportion of lymphocytes, both B and T cells, to proliferate and...
• Polyclonal antibodyA heterogeneous mixture of antibodies produced by different B cell clones in response to an antigen...
• PolycondensationA polymerization reaction in which monomers react to form a polymer with the simultaneous elimination of a...
• Polycrystalline graphiteA graphite material built from crystalline domains of restricted size, whatever the perfection or orientation...
• Polycrystalline polymerA polymer material composed of numerous small crystalline regions, known as crystallites, separated by...
• PolycyanurateA polymer containing repeating cyanurate rings, which are six-membered heterocyclic rings composed of three...
• Polycyclic macromoleculeA macromolecule whose structure includes more than one macrocycle, each of which shares at least one atom...
• Polycyclic systemA molecular structure containing two or more closed loops of atoms, known as rings. The rings can be joined...
• PolycysticDescribing an organ or tissue that contains multiple cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs. This condition...
• PolydactylyA congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary digits (fingers or toes) on the hand or...
• PolydiacetylenesA class of conjugated polymers made from buta-1,3-diyne or its substituted derivatives, typically by...
• PolydieneA polymer derived from the polymerization of diene monomers, which contain two carbon-carbon double bonds...
• PolydipsiaAbnormally excessive thirst that drives a person to drink large volumes of fluid. It is a symptom rather than...
• Polydisperse mediumA system containing particles or molecules that exhibit a range of sizes, molecular weights, or other...
• PolyelectrolyteA polymer containing multiple ionizable groups along its chain, which can dissociate in a solvent to form...
• Polyelectrolyte complexA substance formed by the non-covalent association of two or more oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The...
• Polyelectrolyte gelA crosslinked polymer network composed of polyelectrolyte chains that swell significantly in a solvent due to...
• Polyelectrolyte networkA three-dimensional, crosslinked structure formed by polyelectrolyte chains, where the chains are...
• PolyesterA class of polymers whose constitutional repeating units are linked by ester functional groups in the main...
• poly(ethene-1,2-diyl)A polymer derived from the polymerization of acetylene, with a repeating unit of -CH=CH-. This structure...
• PolyetherA class of polymers containing ether linkages in their main chain. These polymers are synthesized by the...
• PolyfluorenesA class of conjugated polymers based on fluorene units, which are tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These...
• Polygenic controlThe genetic regulation of a trait or characteristic by the combined action of multiple genes, rather than a...
• PolygermaneA polymer containing a backbone composed primarily of germanium atoms, often with organic substituents. These...
• PolyglutarimideA polymer whose macromolecules contain glutarimide rings, six-membered cyclic imides, in the backbone. It is...
• Polygranular graphiteA form of graphite characterized by its microstructure consisting of multiple individual graphite grains or...
• Polyhedral symbolA notation used to describe the coordination geometry around a central atom in a coordination compound or...
• PolyhedranesA class of saturated polycyclic hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms form the vertices of a regular or...
• PolyhydantoinA polymer with hydantoin units, five-membered imidazolidine-2,4-dione rings, built into its main chain. A...
• PolyhydrazideA class of polymers whose macromolecules have hydrazide groups, which are characterized by a CONHNH...
• poly-Ig receptorA membrane glycoprotein on the basolateral surface of mucosal epithelial cells that carries polymeric...
• PolyimidazoleA class of polymers where the imidazole ring is a constituent part of the repeating unit in the main polymer...
• PolyimidesA class of high-performance polymers containing the imide functional group, with two acyl groups bonded to a...
• PolyionsMacromolecules or colloidal particles that possess multiple ionic charges, which can be either positive or...
• PolyisocyanateA polymer prepared from an isocyanate monomer, named by its source rather than its structure. Depending on...
• PolyisocyanideA polymer prepared from isocyanide monomers, in which each monomer contributes a single carbon atom to the...
• PolyisocyanurateA polymer characterized by the presence of isocyanurate rings in the main chain, produced through the cyclic...
• PolyketidesA class of natural products derived from the repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme...
• PolyketoneA polymer characterized by the presence of ketone groups (carbonyl groups bonded to two carbon atoms) as...
• PolymerA substance composed of macromolecules, which are large molecules formed by the covalent bonding of many...
• Polymer alloyA blend of two or more polymers that results in a material with properties superior to those of the...
• Polymer beadA polymer particle that is approximately spherical in shape. These beads are produced by polymerization in...
• Polymer blendA macroscopic mixture of two or more polymers, or copolymers, that are physically combined without forming...
• Polymer catalystA polymeric material that functions as a catalyst, either by having catalytic sites incorporated into its...
• Polymer clathrateA type of polymer co-crystal whose host is the crystalline polymer and whose guests are small molecules...
• Polymer co-crystalA crystalline phase whose lattice contains two or more different substances, one of them necessarily a...
• Polymer co-crystallisationCrystallization of a polymer together with at least one other component within the same crystal. The second...
• Polymer colloidA colloidal system whose dispersed phase, continuous phase or both include a polymer, which can be organic or...
• Polymer compatibilizerA substance added to a blend of immiscible polymers to improve their interfacial adhesion and macroscopic...
• Polymer complexationThe reversible association of two or more polymer chains, or a polymer chain with smaller molecules or ions...
• Polymer compositeA material formed by combining a polymer matrix with a reinforcing phase, such as fibers, particles, or...
• Polymer contentThe proportion of polymeric material present in a given sample or formulation, often expressed as a weight...
• Polymer crystalA region within a polymeric material where the polymer chains are arranged in a highly ordered...
• Polymer crystalliteA small, ordered region within a semicrystalline polymer where the polymer chains are arranged in a regular...
• Polymer cyclizationA chemical reaction in which a linear polymer chain or a segment of a polymer chain forms a cyclic structure...
• Polymer degradationA change in the chemical structure, physical properties, or mechanical characteristics of a polymer...
• Polymer dispersionA heterogeneous system consisting of polymer particles distributed throughout a continuous liquid phase. The...
• Polymer drugA macromolecular therapeutic agent where a drug molecule is covalently attached to a polymer backbone, or...
• Polymer emulsionAn emulsion whose droplets consist of a liquid polymer, or of a polymer in solution, dispersed in a...
• Polymer fibreA continuous filament or staple of polymeric material characterized by a high length-to-diameter ratio and...
• Polymer fibrilA thread-like crystalline or semicrystalline polymer structure with a high aspect ratio, where the polymer...
• Polymer gelA soft, viscoelastic material consisting of a crosslinked polymer network swollen with a liquid, typically a...
• Polymer gel particleA particle of a polymer gel that is discrete and non-aggregated, existing as part of a dispersed system...
• Polymer glassA solid, amorphous polymer in a glassy state, characterized by a rigid structure where molecular motion is...
• Polymer mass fractionThe mass of polymer divided by the total mass of the dispersed phase, for example a particle or droplet that...
• Polymer meltA polymer in a fluid state above its melting temperature for crystalline polymers or above its glass...
• Polymer membraneA thin, selective barrier made from polymeric material that controls the passage of substances between two...
• Polymer microparticleA polymer particle, whatever its shape, whose equivalent diameter lies between roughly 0.1 and 100...
• Polymer microsphereA spherical polymer microparticle with an equivalent diameter of roughly 0.1 to 100 micrometres. It can be...
• Polymer nanoparticleA polymer particle of any shape whose equivalent diameter lies between roughly 1 and 100 nanometres, so all...
• Polymer nanosphereA spherical polymer nanoparticle with an equivalent diameter of roughly 1 to 100 nanometres. It is a matrix...
• Polymer network particleA particle composed of a single, continuous macromolecule formed by the cross-linking of polymer chains into...
• Polymer particleA discrete unit of polymeric material surrounded by a continuous phase. These particles are formed during...
• Polymer phase-transfer catalystA polymer that functions as a catalyst to transfer a reactant from one phase to another where the phases are...
• Polymer reactantA reactant that is a polymer of high molar mass, linear or crosslinked, or that is bound to such a polymer...
• Polymer reactionA chemical process that results in the transformation of a polymer's constitutional units. This includes...
• Polymer single crystalA discrete crystalline particle of a polymer in which the crystallographic orientation is uniform throughout...
• Polymer solventA polymer that dissolves small molecules or salts in the way a liquid solvent would. Poly(oxyethylene), also...
• Polymer sorbentA polymeric material designed to take up other substances, either by adsorption onto its surface or by...
• Polymer supportAn insoluble polymeric material to which reagents, catalysts, or substrates are covalently attached for use...
• Polymer surfactantA macromolecule that possesses both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, allowing it to reduce the surface...
• Polymerase chain reactionA laboratory technique used to amplify a specific segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to produce millions...
• Polymer-derived ceramicA ceramic material produced by the pyrolysis of a preceramic polymer precursor. The polymer is cross-linked...
• Polymeric solA colloidal dispersion where the dispersed phase consists of polymer particles or macromolecules suspended in...
• Polymeric stationary phaseA stationary phase used in chromatography that consists of a cross-linked organic polymer, rather than...
• PolymerizationA chemical reaction or series of reactions in which monomer molecules combine to form a macromolecule, or...
• Polymer-metal complexA macromolecular entity formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal complexes with a polymer chain. The...
• Polymer-polymer complexAn association formed between two or more different polymer chains, typically through non-covalent...
• Polymer-poor phaseThe phase in a two-phase polymer solution that contains a lower concentration of the polymer solute. This...
• Polymer-rich phaseA phase in a multi-component polymer system that contains a significantly higher concentration of polymer...
• Polymer-solvent interactionThe set of thermodynamic forces between polymer chain segments and solvent molecules in a solution. These...
• PolymersomeA self-assembled vesicular structure formed by block copolymers in a selective solvent, characterized by a...
• Polymer-supported catalystA catalytic species that is chemically bonded to or physically entrapped within an insoluble polymer matrix...
• Polymer-supported reactionA chemical reaction where one or more reactants or catalysts are covalently attached to an insoluble polymer...
• PolymetaloxaneA class of inorganic polymers characterized by a backbone containing repeating metal-oxygen-metal linkages...
• PolymolecularDescribing an entity that consists of many molecules, for example an aggregate, micelle or other...
• Polymolecularity correctionA correction applied to a measured relationship between a property, such as intrinsic viscosity or radius of...
• PolymorphA solid crystalline material that can exist in more than one crystal structure, each with distinct physical...
• Polymorphic polymer crystalA single polymer crystal built from adjoining domains that have different crystal structures, or polymorphs...
• Polymorphic transitionA reversible phase transition in a solid material where a substance changes its crystal structure without...
• PolymorphismThe occurrence of two or more genetically determined forms of a trait or gene within a population, where the...
• Polymorphonuclear leukocyteA type of white blood cell characterized by a multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm. These cells are a...
• PolymyositisA chronic inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness, primarily affecting the skeletal muscles on both...
• PolyneuritisAn inflammatory condition affecting multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously, leading to widespread...
• PolyneuropathyA generalized disorder affecting multiple peripheral nerves throughout the body, resulting in symmetrical...
• PolyolefinA class of polymers formed from olefin (alkene) monomers through addition polymerization. These polymers...
• PolyoxadiazolesA class of heterocyclic polymers containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings within their main chain. These polymers...
• PolyoxyalkyleneA type of polymer characterized by a main chain composed of repeating oxyalkylene units, typically derived...
• PolyoxyaryleneA class of polymers whose main chain contains repeating oxyarylene units, where an oxygen atom links two aryl...
• PolyoxymethyleneA thermoplastic polymer characterized by repeating -CH2O- units in its main chain, derived from the...
• PolyoxyphenyleneA polymer characterized by a main chain composed of repeating oxyphenylene units, where an oxygen atom is...
• Polyparabanic acidA polymer whose macromolecules contain imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione rings, known as parabanic acid rings, in...
• PolypeptidesLinear polymers composed of multiple amino acid residues linked together by peptide bonds. Each amino acid...
• PolyphenylenemethyleneA hydrocarbon polymer with the repeat formula (C6H4CH2)n, in which benzene rings joined at two positions...
• PolyphenylenesA class of polymers consisting of repeating phenylene (aromatic benzene) units directly linked to each other...
• PolyphenylenethynylenesA class of conjugated polymers characterized by alternating phenylene (aromatic benzene) and ethynylene...
• PolyphenylenevinylenesA class of conjugated polymers characterized by repeating units of phenylene and vinylene groups along the...
• PolyphosphateA polymer composed of repeating phosphate units linked together by shared oxygen atoms. These polymers can be...
• PolyphosphazeneA polymer featuring a backbone composed of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms, with two substituents...
• PolyploidyThe condition in which an organism or cell contains more than two complete sets of chromosomes. This genetic...
• PolyprenolsLong-chain linear isoprenoid alcohols built from more than four isoprene units, with a single hydroxyl group...
• PolypyrrolesA class of conjugated polymers formed by the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomers. The resulting...
• PolypyrroneA polymer made of single-strand or ladder macromolecules whose repeating units are isoindolobenzimidazole...
• PolyquinanesPolycyclic hydrocarbons built from fused five-membered carbon rings, called polyquinanes when saturated and...
• PolyquinolineA polymer characterized by repeating quinoline units within its main chain. These polymers are synthesized...
• PolyquinoxalineA class of high-performance polymers containing repeating quinoxaline units within their main chain. These...
• PolyrotaxaneA polymeric architecture where multiple cyclic molecules are threaded onto a linear polymer chain, without...
• PolysaccharidesMacromolecular carbohydrates, also known as glycans, composed of more than ten monosaccharide units joined...
• PolysilanesA class of inorganic polymers characterized by a backbone consisting entirely of silicon atoms, with organic...
• PolysilazaneA polymer containing a backbone of alternating silicon and nitrogen atoms, with organic side groups attached...
• PolysiloxaneA class of polymers characterized by a backbone consisting of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with...
• PolysilsesquioxaneA class of inorganic-organic hybrid polymers characterized by a ladder-like or cage-like structure with...
• PolystannaneA class of inorganic polymers characterized by a backbone composed entirely of tin atoms, with organic...
• PolysulfanesCompounds with an unbranched chain of two or more sulfur atoms capped at both ends by hydrogen, with the...
• PolysulfidesAnions or compounds containing a chain of two or more sulfur atoms, often with a negative charge or bonded to...
• PolysulfonamideA class of polymers in which the constituent macromolecules contain sulfonamide groups as part of the main...
• PolysulfoneA class of high-performance thermoplastic polymers characterized by repeating sulfone (-SO2-) linkages and...
• PolytetrazinesA polymer whose macromolecules contain tetrazine rings, or hydrogenated tetrazine rings, within the main...
• PolythiadiazolesA class of heterocyclic polymers containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings within their main chain. These polymers...
• PolythiazolesA polymer whose macromolecules contain thiazole rings, five-membered heterocycles with one sulfur and one...
• PolythioesterA polymer containing repeating thioester functional groups in its main chain, formed by the condensation...
• PolythioetherA class of polymers characterized by repeating thioether (-S-) linkages within their main chain. These...
• PolythiophenesA class of conjugated polymers derived from thiophene monomers, characterized by a backbone of repeating...
• Polytopal rearrangementA dynamic process in which the ligands surrounding a central atom in a polyhedral molecule or ion change...
• PolytriazineA polymer containing triazine rings as integral parts of its main chain. These polymers are typically formed...
• Polytypic transitionA phase transition in a solid material where a substance changes its stacking sequence of close-packed...
• Polyunsaturated fatty acidsFatty acids that contain more than one carbon-carbon double bond in their hydrocarbon chain. These double...
• PolyureaA polymer containing urea linkages, -NH-CO-NH-, as a repeating unit in its main chain. These polymers are...
• PolyuriaThe excessive or abnormally large production and passage of urine. It is a classic symptom of conditions like...
• Polyvinyl acetalA polymer formed by the reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, resulting in acetal linkages along...
• Polyvinyl esterA vinyl polymer characterized by the presence of an ester group as the pendant side group attached to the...
• Polyvinyl etherA vinyl polymer prepared from a vinyl ether monomer, CH2=CH-OR, in which each repeat unit is CH2-CH(OR), with...
• Polyvinyl halideA polymer containing a halogen atom directly attached to the carbon chain of the polymer backbone, derived...
• Polyvinyl ketoneA polymer formed from the polymerization of vinyl ketone monomers, characterized by a repeating unit...
• PolyvinylcarbazolesPolymers containing carbazole units directly attached to a vinyl backbone, formed by the polymerization of...
• PolyvinylenesPolymers characterized by a backbone consisting of alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds, forming...
• PolyzwitterionsPolymers that contain both positively and negatively charged groups within each repeating unit along the...
• Pooled standard deviationA statistical measure that combines the standard deviations from two or more independent samples, assuming...
• Poole-Frenkel effectThe phenomenon where the electrical conductivity of an insulator or semiconductor increases significantly in...
• Popliteal lymph node assayAn in vivo test used to assess the immunotoxic potential of a substance by measuring its ability to induce...
• PopulationA group of individuals of the same species living in a specific geographical area at a particular time. These...
• Population at riskThe group of people who are exposed to the agent being studied and are able to develop the adverse health...
• Population biomassThe total mass of all living organisms within a specific population in a given area or volume. This...
• Population critical concentrationThe level of a toxicant in the target organ that a stated fraction of an exposed population has reached when...
• Population cycleA recurring pattern of fluctuations in the size of a population over time, characterized by periods of...
• Population densityThe number of individuals of a specific species per unit area or volume in a given habitat. This measure...
• Population dynamicsThe study of how populations change in size, age structure, and distribution over time, influenced by factors...
• Population ecologyThe branch of ecology that examines the characteristics of populations and how they interact with their...
• Population effectAn effect expressed at the level of a whole group rather than an individual, usually given as the absolute...
• Population fluctuationThe variation, over time, in the size or density of a population of organisms within a defined area. These...
• Population growth rateThe rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases or decreases over a specific period. It...
• Population inversionA condition in which a higher energy state of an atomic or molecular system has a greater population of...
• Population pyramidA graphical representation illustrating the distribution of a population by age and sex. It typically...
• Population sizeThe total number of individuals of a particular species residing within a defined geographical area at a...
• Pore size distributionA description of the relative amounts of pores within a material as a function of their diameter or...
• PorencephalyA rare neurological disorder characterized by a cyst or cavity within the brain parenchyma, usually...
• PorosityThe ratio of the volume of all pores and voids within a solid material to the bulk volume of the material...
• Porous membraneA thin, permeable barrier containing interconnected pores that allow for the selective passage of certain...
• Porous pot testA laboratory biodegradation test that simulates continuous activated sludge sewage treatment. Settled or...
• Porous-layer open-tabular columnA type of chromatographic column where the inner wall of an open tubular capillary is coated with a thin...
• PorphyriaA group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from deficiencies in specific enzymes involved in the heme...
• PorphyrinA class of heterocyclic macrocyclic organic compounds characterized by a large ring system composed of four...
• PorphyrinogensReduced, non-aromatic precursors in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, characterized by having six hydrogen...
• Porphyrins, see Porphyrin
• Pose diagramA two-dimensional schematic representation showing the binding mode of a ligand within the active site of a...
• Position-sensitive photomultiplier tubeA type of photomultiplier tube capable of determining the spatial location of incident photons on its...
• Positive assay controlA sample or condition included in an experimental assay that is known to produce a positive result or a...
• Positive ionAn atom or molecule that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive electrical charge; also...
• Positive selectionThe step of T cell development in the thymus in which immature thymocytes are screened for the ability to...
• Positive-ion yieldThe efficiency with which positive ions are produced from a sample under specific ionization conditions...
• Positive-tone developmentA lithographic process in which the areas of a photoresist exposed to radiation become soluble in the...
• PositronThe antiparticle of the electron, possessing the same mass but an opposite positive electric charge. It is...
• Positron annihilation analysisA non-destructive analytical technique that probes the electronic structure and defect properties of...
• Positron emission tomographyA nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers which emit positrons to produce...
• Positron lifetime spectrometryA technique that measures the time interval between the birth of a positron and its annihilation with an...
• PositroniumAn exotic atom consisting of an electron and its antiparticle, the positron, bound together into an atomic...
• PosologyThe branch of medical and pharmaceutical science concerned with determining the doses of drugs and medicines...
• Post-acceleration detectorA type of detector in mass spectrometry that applies an additional accelerating voltage to ions after they...
• Post-apply bakeA thermal step carried out on a resist film right after it is spin-coated onto a substrate and before...
• Post-column derivatizationA chemical reaction performed on analytes after they have been separated by a chromatographic column but...
• Posterior fossaA small space in the skull, located in the back and near the bottom, that houses the brainstem and the...
• Posterior probabilityThe revised probability of a hypothesis after considering new evidence, calculated using Bayes's theorem. It...
• Post-exposure bakeA heating step applied to a photoresist layer after exposure to radiation and before the development stage in...
• Post-exposure delayThe time interval between the end of the exposure of a resist film to radiation and the start of the...
• Post-filter effectA phenomenon in molecular luminescence spectroscopy where the emitted luminescence is reabsorbed by other...
• Post-implantationRelating to the period of embryonic or fetal development that occurs after the blastocyst has attached to and...
• PostmortemRelating to the period or events occurring after death. In toxicology and pathology, it describes the...
• PostnatalRelating to the period immediately following birth, encompassing the physiological and developmental changes...
• PostprecipitationThe phenomenon where a second, less soluble substance slowly precipitates onto the surface of an already...
• Post-source decayA fragmentation process in mass spectrometry where metastable ions, formed in the ion source, undergo...
• PostsynapticRelating to the membrane of a neuron or other cell that receives a signal from a presynaptic neuron across a...
• PotencyA measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity...
• Potential at the point of zero chargeThe electrical potential of an electrode or interface when its net surface charge density is zero. This...
• Potential couplingInteraction between different vibrational motions of a molecule that arises because the potential energy...
• Potential energyThe energy stored within a physical system due to the relative positions of its components or its...
• Potential genotoxic impurityA substance present in a drug product or its synthesis that has the capacity to damage genetic material...
• Potential of mean forceThe free energy profile for a system as a function of one or more reaction coordinates, obtained by averaging...
• Potential temperatureThe temperature a parcel of air would attain if it were brought adiabatically, meaning without heat exchange...
• Potential-determining ionsIons that establish the electrical potential difference across an interface between two phases, typically a...
• Potential-energy profileA one-dimensional representation of the potential energy of a reacting system as a function of a single...
• Potential-energy surfaceA multidimensional mathematical surface that describes the potential energy of a molecular system as a...
• PotentiationAn interaction between two or more chemicals that results in an effect greater than the sum of their...
• PotentiometerAn instrument that measures an electromotive force (voltage) by balancing it against a known potential...
• Potentiometric detection methodAn analytical technique that measures the potential difference between an indicator electrode and a reference...
• Potentiometric enzyme electrodeA type of biosensor that combines an enzyme with a potentiometric transducer to measure the concentration of...
• Potentiometric gas sensorA device that measures the concentration of a specific gas by monitoring a change in electrical potential...
• Potentiometric selectivity coefficientA quantitative measure of the preference of an ion-selective electrode for one ion over another interfering...
• Potentiometric stripping analysisAn electrochemical technique in which an analyte, such as a metal, is first accumulated at an electrode by...
• Potentiometric titrationA volumetric analytical method where the endpoint of a titration is determined by monitoring the potential...
• PotentiometryAn electrochemical method of analysis that measures the potential difference (voltage) between two electrodes...
• PowderA solid dosage form composed of finely divided dry particles, intended for internal or external use. These...
• Powder gradesCategories of pharmaceutical powder defined by fineness alone, as measured by passage through standard...
• Powder patternA diffraction pattern obtained from a polycrystalline or powdered sample, typically using X-ray diffraction...
• PowerThe rate at which work is performed or energy is transferred or converted per unit of time. In chemical...
• Power compensation differential scanning calorimetryA type of differential scanning calorimetry where the sample and reference are maintained at the same...
• Power levelA logarithmic measure of the ratio of a given power to a reference power, often expressed in decibels (dB) or...
• Power-feed emulsion polymerisationA type of emulsion polymerization where one or more reactants are continuously added to the reaction vessel...
• Poynting correctionA thermodynamic correction applied to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when the pressure of the gas is...
• π-π stackingA non-covalent attraction between aromatic rings that lie face to face, parallel or offset, with their pi...
• p-polarizationA state of polarization for electromagnetic radiation where the electric field vector lies in the plane of...
• Practical certaintyA high degree of confidence in a conclusion, falling short of absolute certainty, often used in risk...
• Pre-associationThe formation of a weakly bound complex between reactants before the actual chemical transformation occurs...
• pre-B cellAn immature B lymphocyte that has rearranged its immunoglobulin heavy chain genes but has not yet expressed a...
• Precautionary principleA principle stating that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the public or to the...
• PrecessionThe rotational motion of the magnetic moment of a nucleus or electron around an external magnetic field. This...
• Precipitating antibodyAn antibody that forms an insoluble complex with its specific antigen, leading to the formation of a visible...
• PrecipitationThe process of forming a solid from a solution, either by a chemical reaction that produces an insoluble...
• Precipitation fractionationA method for separating a polymer sample into fractions based on differences in molecular weight or chemical...
• Precipitation from homogeneous solutionA technique for forming precipitates by generating the precipitating agent slowly and uniformly throughout...
• Precipitation indicatorA substance used in precipitation titrations that undergoes a distinct color change or forms a colored...
• Precipitation polyadditionA type of polyaddition polymerization where the polymer formed is insoluble in the reaction medium and...
• Precipitation polycondensationA polycondensation reaction where the polymer formed is insoluble in the reaction medium and precipitates out...
• Precipitation polymerisationA polymerization in which monomer, initiator and often a colloid stabilizer are dissolved in a solvent that...
• PrecipitinAn antibody that reacts with a soluble antigen to form an insoluble complex, which then settles out of...
• PrecisionHow closely repeated independent results agree with one another when they are produced under stated...

1,381 of 13,676 terms in Chemistry terminology (MLC-0109). Request the full dataset.